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Contactor

A contactor is a type of relay (electrically operated switch) with high power rating (current rating and voltage rating). Contactors usually refer to devices switching more than 15 amperes or in circuits rated more than a few kilowatts. Contactors are typically used to control electric motors (combination motor starters), lighting, heating, capacitor banks, thermal evaporators, and other electrical loads. The physical size of contactors ranges from a device small enough to pick up with one hand, to large devices approximately a meter on a side.

Contactors usually have provision for installation of additional contact blocks, rated for pilot duty, used in motor control circuits.

Contactors have higher current, voltage and power ratings than other relays. Thus, contactors are typically used for higher current or higher voltage switching; other relays are typically used for lower current or lower voltage switching. Unlike other relays, contactors are designed to be directly connected to high-current load devices.

A contactor joins 2 poles together, without a common circuit between them. Other relays may have a common contact that connects to a neutral position.[citation needed]

Contactors are typically built for and used in three-phase applications; other relays are more commonly used in single-phase applications. Contactors generally have special structures for arc suppression to allow them to interrupt heavy currents, such as motor starting inrush current; other relays rely on other ways for arc suppression. Coil voltages for contactors are often from 24 V AC/DC all the way up to 600 V AC; coil voltages for other relays are rarely high.

Other relays are usually designed for both normally closed and normally open applications. Apart from optional auxiliary low-current contacts, contactors are almost exclusively fitted with normally open ("form A") contacts.[citation needed]

Unlike a circuit breaker, a contactor is not intended to interrupt a short circuit current. Contactors range from those having a breaking current of several amperes to thousands of amperes and 24 V DC to many kilovolts, not high enough to safely interrupt a short circuit current.

A contactor has three components:

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electronic circuit element serving as a switch
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