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Nora Roberts
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Nora Roberts (born Eleanor Marie Robertson on October 10, 1950) is an American author of over 225 novels, known for romance published under her own name.[1] She also writes police procedurals which have elements of science fiction under the name J. D. Robb, and has published as Jill March and (in the U.K.) Sarah Hardesty.

Key Information

Life and career

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Personal life

[edit]

Early years

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Roberts was born on October 10, 1950, in Silver Spring, Maryland, the youngest of five children.[2] Her parents have Irish ancestry, and she has described herself as "an Irishwoman through and through".[3] Her family were avid readers, so books were always important in her life.[4] Although she had always imagined stories from childhood, Roberts did not write in her youth other than essays for school. She does claim to have "told lies. Really good ones—some of which my mother still believes."[5] She credits the nuns at her Catholic school for instilling in her a sense of discipline.[5]

Marriages

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During her second year in high school, Roberts transferred to Montgomery Blair High School,[6] where she met her first husband, Ronald Aufdem-Brinke.[7] They married, against her parents' wishes, in 1968, as soon as she graduated,[8][9] and settled in Boonsboro, Maryland.

Roberts' husband worked at his father's sheet-metal business before joining her parents in their lighting company. She gave birth to two sons, Dan and Jason. Roberts would later refer to this time period as her "Earth Mother" years, when she did crafts, including ceramics and sewing her children's clothes.[8] The couple divorced[10] in 1983.

Roberts met her second husband, Bruce Wilder, a carpenter, when she hired him to build bookshelves in July 1985.[11][12] Her husband owns Turn the Page Books bookstore in Boonsboro[13] and works as an adult content photographer and videographer.[14] The couple also owned the nearby historic Boone Hotel. After it was destroyed by a fire in February 2008, it was restored and reopened as the Inn BoonsBoro in 2009; the suites were inspired by and named for literary romantic couples with happy endings.[15]

She is an ardent baseball fan, having been honored by the local minor league baseball team Hagerstown Suns several times.[16]

Writing career

[edit]

She began to write during a blizzard in February 1979. Roberts states that with three feet of snow, a dwindling supply of chocolate, and no morning kindergarten for her two boys, she had little else to do.[17][18] She fell in love with the writing process, and quickly produced six manuscripts[19] which she submitted to Harlequin, the leading publisher of romance novels, but was repeatedly rejected. Roberts says,

I got the standard rejection for the first couple of tries, then my favorite rejection of all time. I received my manuscript back with a nice little note which said that my work showed promise, and the story had been very entertaining and well done. But that they already had their American writer. That would have been Janet Dailey.[20]

Dailey would go on to be embroiled in a plagiarism scandal in which she eventually confessed to stealing some of Roberts' work.

Roberts once stated: "You're going to be unemployed if you really think you just have to sit around and wait for the muse to land on your shoulder."[21] She concentrates on one novel at a time,[22] writing eight hours a day, every day, even while on vacation.[9] Rather than begin with an outline, Roberts instead envisions a key incident, character, or setting.[21] She then writes a short first draft that has the basic elements of a story. Roberts then goes back to the beginning of the novel. The second draft usually sees the addition of details, the "texture and color" of the work, as well as a more in-depth study of the characters. She then does a final pass to polish the novel before sending it to her agent, Amy Berkower.[23]

She often writes trilogies, finishing the three books in a row so that she can remain with the same characters.[24] In the past, her trilogies were all released in paperback, as Roberts believed the wait for hardcover editions was too long for the reader.[4] All her new publications are released in hardcover first and e-book, with paperback editions following.

Roberts does much of her research over the Internet, as she has an aversion to flying.[9]

Pseudonyms

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Nora Roberts

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In 1980, a new publisher, Silhouette Books, formed to take advantage of the manuscripts from the American writers that Harlequin had rejected.[25] Roberts' first novel, Irish Thoroughbred, was published in 1981, using the pseudonym Nora Roberts, a shortened form of her birth name Eleanor Marie Robertson because she assumed that all romance authors had pen names.[8]

Between 1982 and 1984, Roberts wrote 23 novels for Silhouette,[8] published under various Silhouette imprints: Silhouette Sensation, Silhouette Special Edition and Silhouette Desire, as well as Silhouette Intrigue, and MIRA's reissue program. In 1985, Playing the Odds, the first novel in the MacGregor family series, was published and was an immediate bestseller.[8]

In 1987, she began writing single title books for Bantam. Five years later she moved to Putnam to write single title hardcovers and original paperbacks,[26] reaching the hardcover bestseller lists with her fourth hardcover release, 1996's Montana Sky. Roberts has continued to release single-title novels in paperback. She still occasionally writes shorter category romances. Her attachment to the shorter category books stems from her years as a young mother of two boys without much time to read, as she "[remembers] exactly what it felt like to want to read and not have time to read 200,000 words."[9]

Roberts was featured in Pamela Regis's A Natural History of the Romance Novel. Regis calls Roberts "a master of the romance novel form", because she "has a keen ear for dialogue, constructs deft scenes, maintains a page-turning pace, and provides compelling characterization."[20] Publishers Weekly once talked about her "wry humor and the use of different narrators, two devices that were once rarities" in the romance novel genre.[9]

J. D. Robb

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Roberts had long wanted to write romantic suspense in the vein of Mary Stewart, but, at the urging of her agent, she concentrated on classic contemporary romance while she built a following of readers.[9] After moving to Putnam in 1992, the publishing company quickly realized that they were unable to keep up with Roberts's prolific output. They suggested that she adopt a second pseudonym so they would be able to publish more of her work each year.[24]

Her agent, Amy Berkover, convinced the publishers to allow Roberts to write romantic suspense under the new name.[9] She chose the pseudonym D. J. MacGregor, but right before publication, discovered it was in use by another author.[17] Instead, her first romantic suspense novel was published in 1995 under the pseudonym J. D. Robb. The initials "J. D." were taken from her sons, Jason and Dan, while "Robb" is a shortened form of Roberts.

As J. D. Robb, Roberts has published a series of futuristic science fiction police procedurals. These books, all part of the in Death series, feature detective Eve Dallas and her husband Roarke and are set in a mid-21st century New York City. Despite the emphasis on solving a crime in each of the books, the overall theme of the series is the development of the relationship between Eve and Roarke.[24] When the in Death series began, neither Roberts nor her publisher acknowledged that she was the author. They hoped to allow the series to stand on its own merits and build its own following.[27]

After publishing 18 novels in the in Death series, Putnam published the nineteenth, Divided in Death, first in hardcover. The book became Roberts' first bestselling novel of 2004.[28]

As of March 2022, Roberts has published 54 novels plus ten novellas in the in Death series.[29]

Other pseudonyms

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Roberts wrote a story for a magazine titled Melodies of Love under the pseudonym Jill March.[17] She has also been known as Sarah Hardesty in the UK. When the Born In series was released in Britain it carried that name instead of Nora Roberts. She has since changed publishers.[17]

Success

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In 1996, Roberts passed the hundred-novel mark with Montana Sky and, in 2012, doubled that with The Witness. In both 1999 and 2000, four of the five novels that USA Today listed as the best-selling romance novels of the year were written by Roberts. Her first appearance on The New York Times Best Seller list came in 1991,[22] and between 1991 and 2001, she had 68 New York Times Bestsellers, counting hardbacks and paperbacks.[30] In 2001, Roberts had 10 best-selling mass-market paperbacks, according to Publishers Weekly, not counting those books written under the J.D. Robb name. In September 2001, for the first time Roberts took the numbers 1 and 2 spots on the Publishers Weekly bestseller list, as her romance Time and Again was number one, and her J.D. Robb release Seduction in Death was number two.[31]

Since 1999, every one of Roberts's novels has been a New York Times bestseller, and 124 of her novels have ranked on the Times bestseller list, including 29 that debuted in the number-one spot. As of January 24, 2013, Roberts's novels had spent a combined 948 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list, including 148 weeks in the number-one spot. As of January 9, 2009, 400 million copies of her books are in print, including 12 million copies sold in 2005 alone. Her novels have been published in 35 countries.[32]

A founding member of the Romance Writers of America (RWA), Roberts was the first inductee in the organization's Hall of Fame.[9] In 1997 she was awarded the RWA Lifetime Achievement Award, which in 2008 was renamed the RWA Nora Roberts Lifetime Achievement Award.[33] As of 2012, she has won an unprecedented 21 of the RWA's RITA Awards, the highest honor given in the romance genre.[34]

Two of Roberts' novels, Sanctuary and Magic Moments, had previously been made into TV movies. In 2007, Lifetime Television adapted four Nora Roberts novels into TV movies: Angels Fall starring Heather Locklear, Montana Sky starring Ashley Williams, Blue Smoke starring Alicia Witt, and Carolina Moon starring Claire Forlani. This was the first time that Lifetime had adapted multiple works by the same author.[35] Four more films were released on four consecutive Saturdays in March and April 2009. The 2009 collection included Northern Lights starring LeAnn Rimes and Eddie Cibrian, Midnight Bayou starring Jerry O'Connell, High Noon starring Emilie de Ravin, and Tribute starring Brittany Murphy.

TIME named Roberts one of their 100 Most Influential People in 2007, saying she "has inspected, dissected, deconstructed, explored, explained and extolled the passions of the human heart."[36] Roberts was one of only two authors on the list, the other being David Mitchell.[36]

Victim of plagiarism

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In 1997, another best-selling romance writer, Janet Dailey, admitted to repeatedly plagiarizing Roberts' work. The practice came to light after a reader read Roberts' Sweet Revenge and Dailey's Notorious back-to-back; she noticed several similarities and posted the comparable passages on the Internet. Calling the plagiarism "mind-boggling", Roberts sued Dailey.[9] Dailey acknowledged the plagiarism and attributed it to a psychological disorder. She admitted that both Aspen Gold and Notorious lifted heavily from Roberts' work. Both of those novels were pulled from print after Dailey's admission.[37][38] In April 1998, Dailey settled the case. Roberts donated the settlement to various literary causes including the Literacy Volunteers of America (now ProLiteracy).[9][39][40][41]

Roberts joined the chorus strongly criticizing fellow romance writer Cassie Edwards, who had lifted many passages from much older sources (many in the public domain) without giving credit, forcing Edwards out of the business.[42][43]

In 2019, Roberts, along with other authors, was a victim of plagiarism by Cristiane Serruya.[44][45][46]

Charity

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Roberts has been included repeatedly on the Giving Back Fund's annual lists of the most philanthropic celebrities, with the bulk of her donations going to the Nora Roberts Foundation.[47][48][49] The foundation financially supports organizations that promote literacy and the arts, assist children and engage in humanitarian efforts. The Foundation also endowed the Nora Roberts Center for American Romance at McDaniel College, which supports academic scholarship on the American romance novel, with special emphasis on the literary qualities and significance of the romance.[50]

Works

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Bibliography

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Main article: Nora Roberts bibliography

Screen adaptations

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Lifetime Movie Channel

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Several of Roberts' books have been adapted into made-for-TV movies and aired on Lifetime.

The 2007 Collection featured:

The 2009 Collection featured:[51]

Peter Guber's Mandalay TV and Stephanie Germain Prods. produced the eight adaptations.

Awards

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As Nora Roberts

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Golden Medallion awards

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Golden Medallion awards were awarded by the Romance Writers of America.[52]

  • The Heart's Victory: 1983 - Best Contemporary Sensual Romance
  • Untamed: 1984 - Best Traditional Romance
  • This Magic Moment: 1984 - Best Contemporary 65–80,000 words, shared with Deirdre Mardn's Destiny's Sweet Errand
  • Opposites Attract: 1985 - Best Short Contemporary Romance
  • A Matter of Choice: 1985 - Best Long Contemporary Series Romance
  • One Summer: 1987 - Best Long Contemporary Series Romance
  • Brazen Virtue: 1989 - Best Suspense

RITA Awards

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RITA Awards are awarded by the Romance Writers of America.[52]

  • Night Shift: 1992 - Best Romantic Suspense
  • Divine Evil: 1993 - Best Romantic Suspense
  • Nightshade: 1994 - Best Romantic Suspense
  • Private Scandals: 1994 - Best Contemporary Single Title
  • Hidden Riches: 1995 - Best Romantic Suspense
  • Born in Ice: 1996 - Best Contemporary Single Title
  • Born in Ice: 1996 - Best Romance of 1995
  • Carolina Moon: 2001 - Best Romantic Suspense
  • Three Fates: 2003 - Best Romantic Suspense
  • Remember When - Part 1: 2004 - Best Romantic Suspense
  • Birthright: 2004 - Best Contemporary Single Title
  • Tribute: 2009 - Best Novel with Strong Romantic Elements[53]

Quill Awards

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Quill Awards are awarded by the Quills Foundation.[54]

  • Angels Fall: 2006 Book of the year
  • Angels Fall: 2006 Romance
  • Blue Smoke: 2007 Romance

Romantic Times Reviewers' Choice

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  • Divine Evil: 1993 - Best Suspense Novel[55]

AAR (All About Romance) Annual Reader Poll

[edit]
  • Sea Swept: 1999 - Best Romance Novels (Favorite Romance of the Year)[56]

As J. D. Robb

[edit]

RITA Awards

[edit]
  • Survivor in Death: 2006 - Romantic Suspense winner[57]
  • New York to Dallas: 2012 - Best Romantic Suspense winner[53][57]
  • Concealed in Death: 2015 - Romantic Suspense

AAR (All About Romance) Annual Reader Poll

[edit]
  • Loyalty in Death: 2000 - Romance Novels (Favorite Romantic Suspense) and Romance Novels (Favorite "Other" Romance)[58]
  • Portrait In Death: 2004 - Romance Novels (Best Alternate Reality)[59]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Clark, Blanche (November 30, 2010), "The $60 million woman", Herald Sun, retrieved December 6, 2010
  2. ^ Vernon, Cheril (July 22, 2007), "'Queen of Romance' still going strong", Palestine Herald-Press, archived from the original on January 11, 2013, retrieved August 8, 2007
  3. ^ Irish Times May 12, 2007
  4. ^ a b Weiner, Debbie (March 10, 2000). "Author Nora Roberts". BookReporter. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  5. ^ a b House, Jeanny (October 1998). "Author Nora Roberts October 1998". BookReporter. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  6. ^ "Senior picture from Blair High School 1968 Silverlogue Yearbook". Itsallaboutfamily.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
  7. ^ Collins, Lauren. "Real Romance: How Nora Roberts became America's most popular novelist". The New Yorker. No. June 22, 2009. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d e Kloberdanz, Kristin (March–April 2002). "Don't Write Off Romance: Thought You Could Dismiss It? Think Again: Meet Nora Roberts, the Queen of the Genre, Who Reigns over a Changed Landscape". Book Magazine. Archived from the original on July 11, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Quinn, Judy (February 23, 1998), "Nora Roberts: A Celebration of Emotions", Publishers Weekly, archived from the original on February 8, 2008, retrieved December 25, 2006
  10. ^ Bellafante, Ginia, (August 23, 2006) A Romance Novelist's Heroines Prefer Love Over Money, New York Times, retrieved November 26, 2014.
  11. ^ The Obsession. Trivia-On-Books. 2015.
  12. ^ Bellafante, Ginia (August 23, 2006). "A Romance Novelist's Heroines Prefer Love Over Money". The New York Times. Not long into her career, Ms. Roberts divorced. Then, in 1985, she married a carpenter, Bruce Wilder. Mr. Wilder runs a bookstore that the couple bought near their home.
  13. ^ "Turn the Page Bookstore". Ttpbooks.com. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  14. ^ "Bruce Wilder Photography". wilderphotography.com. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
  15. ^ La Gorce, Tammy (April 29, 2010). "Maryland's Civil War Country Seeks a Softer Side". The New York Times. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
  16. ^ "Suns release 2007 promotional schedule". Minor League Baseball. April 2, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  17. ^ a b c d Frequently Asked Questions and Answers from Nora Roberts, archived from the original on February 18, 2012, retrieved August 4, 2007
  18. ^ "Author Nora Roberts". Nora Roberts. Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
  19. ^ Elley, Karen Trotter (2002). "Nora Roberts deals with destiny in Three Fates". Book Page. Archived from the original on August 13, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  20. ^ a b Regis, pages 183–184
  21. ^ a b Nuckols, Ben (August 22, 2006), "Nora Roberts, 9-to-5 storyteller: Her writing output and sales are huge, her work is routine", The Record (Bergen County, New Jersey), p. F07
  22. ^ a b Nuckols, Ben (August 7, 2006). "For Romance Titan Roberts, Writing Novels is a 9-to-5 Job". WTOP News. Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  23. ^ Gold, Laurie; Linda Mowery (September 22, 1997). "Nora Roberts on her MacGregor Series". All About Romance. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  24. ^ a b c Schendel, Jennifer (November 15, 2001). "The Appeal of the Romance Series". All About Romance. Archived from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  25. ^ Regis, p 159
  26. ^ Nora Roberts on writing, archived from the original on July 14, 2007, retrieved August 6, 2007
  27. ^ Wehr, Isolde (April 2000). "Interview with Nora Roberts". Die Buecherecke Romantische. Archived from the original on July 5, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  28. ^ Maryles, Daisy (February 9, 2004), "Nora's Newbies", Publishers Weekly, archived from the original on September 29, 2009, retrieved August 9, 2007
  29. ^ "In Death Series by J.D. Robb". GoodReads. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  30. ^ Regis, p 184.
  31. ^ Maryles, Daisy (September 10, 2001), "Roberts Scores with Mass Turnover", Publishers Weekly, archived from the original on September 28, 2009, retrieved August 9, 2007
  32. ^ "Did You Know?". Nora Roberts Official Website. March 21, 2013. Archived from the original on March 26, 2013. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
  33. ^ "RWA Nora Roberts Lifetime Achievement Award". Romance Writers of America. 2013. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
  34. ^ "RITA Awards: Past Winners". Romance Writers of America. 2013. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
  35. ^ Andriani, Lynn (January 29, 2007), "Romance Blossoms Between Nora Roberts and Lifetime", Publishers Weekly, archived from the original on September 29, 2009, retrieved August 9, 2007
  36. ^ a b Holt, Karen (May 14, 2007), "Roberts, Mitchell Make Time's List", Publishers Weekly, archived from the original on September 28, 2009, retrieved August 9, 2007
  37. ^ Wilson, Jeff (July 30, 1997), "Romance novelist Janet Dailey apologizes for plagiarism", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
  38. ^ Standora, Leo (August 27, 1997), "Romance Writer Janet Dailey Sued", New York Daily News, archived from the original on August 1, 2009, retrieved November 18, 2008
  39. ^ "All About Romance: A 2001 Update in the Janet Dailey/Nora Roberts Plagiarism Case". Likesbooks.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  40. ^ "All About Romance: A 2001 Update in the Janet Dailey/Nora Roberts Plagiarism Case". Likesbooks.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  41. ^ "Plagiarism paid for", The Victoria Advocate, April 17, 1998, archived from the original on May 13, 2016, retrieved November 18, 2008
  42. ^ Tan, Candy; Wendell, Sarah (January 11, 2008). "A centralized document for the Cassie Edwards situation". Smart Bitches. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  43. ^ Lundin, Leigh (May 11, 2008). "The Case of the Purloined Prose". Scandal Sheets. Criminal Brief. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  44. ^ Hillel Italie. "Nora Roberts Is Suing a Brazilian Writer for Plagiarism on a 'Rare and Scandalous' Level". Time. Archived from the original on April 25, 2019.
  45. ^ León, Concepción de (April 24, 2019). "Nora Roberts Sues Brazilian Writer Who She Says Plagiarized Her Work". The New York Times.
  46. ^ "Nora Roberts files 'multi-plagiarism' lawsuit alleging writer copied more than 40 authors". TheGuardian.com. April 25, 2019.
  47. ^ "The 30 Most Generous Celebrities". Forbes. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  48. ^ Gray, Mark (January 14, 2013). "Oprah Winfrey, Nora Roberts, Meryl Streep Lead Celebrity Charity List". People. Archived from the original on December 12, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  49. ^ "Nora Roberts Foundation". norarobertsfoundation.org. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  50. ^ "The Nora Roberts Center for American Romance | McDaniel College". Mcdaniel.edu. Archived from the original on May 28, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  51. ^ [1] Archived March 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  52. ^ a b Romance Writers of America: National Contests and Awards, archived from the original on September 27, 2007, retrieved November 15, 2007
  53. ^ a b RITA Awards: Past Winners, archived from the original on September 18, 2012, retrieved November 25, 2012
  54. ^ The Quill Awards, archived from the original on June 15, 2006, retrieved November 23, 2007
  55. ^ "1993 RT Reviewers Choice Award Winners".
  56. ^ "1998 Annual Reader Poll".
  57. ^ a b J. D. Robb, Fantastic Fiction, retrieved September 26, 2007
  58. ^ "1999 Annual Reader Poll".
  59. ^ "2004 Annual Reader Poll".

General sources

[edit]
  • Little, Denise and Laura Hayden, The Official Nora Roberts Companion, Berkley Books, 2003, ISBN 0-425-18344-0.
  • Lennard, John, "Of Pseudonyms and Sentiment: Nora Roberts, J. D. Robb, and the Imperative Mood", in Of Modern Dragons and other essays on Genre Fiction (Tirril: Humanities-Ebooks, 2007), pp. 56–86. ISBN 978-1-84760-038-7
  • Regis, Pamela (2003), A Natural History of the Romance Novel, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 183–184, ISBN 0-8122-3303-4
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Nora Roberts

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Nora Roberts (born Eleanor Marie Robertson; October 10, 1950) is an American renowned for her extensive body of work in romance and romantic suspense fiction, having published more than 300 novels under her own name as well as the pseudonym J.D. Robb as of 2025. With over 500 million copies of her books sold worldwide, she ranks among the most commercially successful authors in publishing history. Born in , as the youngest of five children and the only daughter in her family, Roberts grew up in a close-knit Irish Catholic household. Her writing career began unexpectedly in February 1979 during a massive that confined her to her home in with her two young sons, prompting her to start composing stories by hand to pass the time. This led to her debut novel, Irish Thoroughbred, published in 1981 by Silhouette Books, marking the start of her rapid rise in the romance genre. Roberts's novels often feature strong female protagonists, intricate relationships, and elements of suspense, spanning subgenres from to historical and . She writes under the J.D. Robb for the long-running *, a futuristic that has produced over 60 novels since its inception in 1995. Earlier in her career, she briefly used other pseudonyms like Jill March and Sarah Hardesty for select publications. A consistent New York Times bestseller, Roberts has earned widespread acclaim, including induction as the first member of the Romance Writers of America (RWA) Hall of Fame in 1986 and a record 21 RITA Awards, the organization's highest honor for romance excellence. She won the for Romance in 2006 for Blue Smoke. Beyond writing, Roberts owns and operates Inn BoonsBoro, a historic inn in Boonsboro, , and supports and women's causes through . Her disciplined routine—writing daily for eight hours—has enabled her to maintain an output of multiple books per year, including new releases in 2025, solidifying her influence on modern romantic fiction.

Early Life and Personal Background

Childhood and Family Origins

Nora Roberts was born Eleanor Marie Robertson on October 10, 1950, in Silver Spring, Maryland, as the youngest of five children and the only daughter in her family. Her family was of Irish Catholic heritage, with parents who instilled a strong sense of tradition and community; her father, Bernard Robertson, was a stagehand, projectionist, and lighting technician who later co-owned a lighting business, while her mother, Eleanor, was a homemaker who later assisted in the business. The Robertsons raised their children in a modest two-bedroom brick house built in the 1930s, situated on 1.5 acres of wooded land near Sligo Creek in Silver Spring, providing a semi-rural environment amid Maryland's suburban landscape. Roberts' early years were shaped by her family's love of reading and , as her Irish roots emphasized family narratives passed down through generations, fostering her innate interest in tales of adventure and emotion. In an of limited formal during the 1950s and 1960s, with television still emerging and few other distractions in their wooded neighborhood, the Robertson household relied heavily on books and shared stories, which captivated the young Eleanor and sparked her imaginative worldview.

Education and Early Influences

Roberts spent her formative years attending Catholic parochial schools in , where she received instruction from nuns that emphasized discipline and structure. Later, during her high school period, she transferred to the public in Silver Spring, completing her secondary education with graduation in 1968. From childhood, Roberts was an avid reader, a passion that fueled her imagination and prompted her to invent her own narratives alongside her reading. This enthusiasm for books was cultivated within her family environment, where reading held a central place and encouraged her early engagement with literature. Her reading preferences leaned toward , particularly the romantic suspense works of authors like Mary Stewart, whose stories she has described as adored favorites that she returned to repeatedly. Growing up amid the social shifts of the and , including the , these influences subtly informed her perspectives on female independence and self-reliance.

Marriages and Family Life

Nora Roberts married her high school sweetheart, Ronald Aufdem-Brinke, in 1968 shortly after graduating at age seventeen. The couple had two sons, Dan born in 1973 and Jason born in 1976, before their marriage ended in divorce in 1983. In 1985, Roberts married Bruce Wilder, a local carpenter she had hired to build bookshelves in her home. The couple has no children together but has fostered a blended life with Roberts' sons and their families, including grandchildren. Wilder has been instrumental in expanding their home and supporting Roberts' career. Roberts and Wilder have resided in Keedysville, , since the late , in the same house Roberts moved into as a , which they have extensively renovated over the years. Known for her private nature, Roberts rarely shares details about her family in public, emphasizing stability and discretion in her personal affairs, though her experiences with relationships have subtly informed the themes of enduring partnerships in her novels.

Writing Career

Beginnings as an Author

Nora Roberts began her writing career in February 1979 during a massive blizzard that blanketed her home in Keedysville, , with three feet of snow, stranding her indoors with her two young sons and limited supplies. Frustrated and seeking an outlet, she started her first manuscript by hand using a in a spiral notebook, drawing from her lifelong love of reading to craft a titled Irish Thoroughbred. This event marked the start of her prolific output, as the isolation echoed the quiet periods of her rural upbringing that had first sparked her imagination. After completing the manuscript, Roberts faced a challenging submission process typical of aspiring authors in the romance genre. She queried , the dominant publisher at the time, but received repeated rejections for her early works. Undeterred, she sent unsolicited manuscripts to , Harlequin's newer imprint, and on her seventh attempt—Irish Thoroughbred—the novel was accepted for publication in January 1981 as part of their Silhouette Romance line. This breakthrough came after three years of persistent writing and revisions, transforming her hobby into a professional pursuit. In the 1980s, Roberts quickly established herself as a steady producer of category romances, publishing more than 40 books during the decade, primarily short contemporary romances for Silhouette's various imprints. Her output accelerated post-debut, with 23 novels released between 1982 and 1984 alone, often featuring strong female protagonists in everyday settings blended with elements of passion and adventure. By the late , she transitioned toward formats, signing with Putnam in 1987 for her first stand-alone novels outside the category romance constraints, allowing for longer, more expansive storytelling. Throughout her early career, Roberts navigated significant personal challenges as a single mother following her 1983 , balancing intensive writing sessions with the demands of raising her two boys, aged three and six at the time she began. She wrote during their nap times or after bedtime, often in short bursts amid household duties, without the luxury of dedicated office space or external childcare, which made her determination to stay home as a full-time parent a driving force behind her commitment to the craft. This period of multitasking honed her disciplined approach, enabling her to meet tight publishing deadlines while prioritizing family.

Writing Process and Evolution

Nora Roberts' writing career was sparked during a in 1979 that confined her to her home for a week with her young sons, prompting her to begin drafting her first . She has since developed a rigorous daily routine, dedicating six to eight hours to writing in her home office, approaching it as a standard workday from approximately 8 a.m. to 3 or 4 p.m. Roberts employs a loose mental outline to guide her narratives, starting with pivotal scenes and allowing flexibility for the story to evolve organically during the drafting process, rather than adhering to rigid structures or visual aids. Over the decades, Roberts' style has evolved significantly from the formulaic category romances of the , which featured short, plot-driven stories, to more expansive multi-genre works by the that blend romance with elements of suspense and fantasy. This shift includes a consistent emphasis on strong, empowered female protagonists who navigate complex emotional and professional landscapes, often infused with themes drawn from her Irish heritage. Her process incorporates extensive research, such as trips to , which provide authentic details for settings and cultural motifs, while personal life experiences deeply inform the emotional authenticity of her characters. Roberts' productivity remains remarkable, with over 250 novels published by 2025 and multiple releases annually, sustained by her consistent daily practice and adaptability to modern formats like digital publishing and audiobooks. This evolution in her methods has enabled her to maintain high output while refining her craft across genres, prioritizing character-driven storytelling over strict adherence to initial plans.

Pseudonyms and Collaborative Works

Nora Roberts primarily employs the J.D. Robb for her , a collection of futuristic thrillers that debuted in 1995 with . Under this name, she has published over 60 novels in the series as of 2025, allowing her to explore and procedural elements distinct from her romance works. The pseudonym originated from the initials of her sons, and Daniel, with "Robb" selected for its thematic resonance with narratives, evoking "robbery." Roberts adopted J.D. Robb at the suggestion of her publisher to distinguish her suspense titles from her established romance brand, preventing reader confusion between the genres and fostering separate fanbases and marketing strategies. This approach enables her to maintain genre-specific branding while expanding her storytelling scope. She has used other pseudonyms sparingly. In the early 1980s, Roberts wrote under Jill March for a single romance story, "Melodies of Love," published in a now-defunct magazine. Similarly, Sarah Hardesty appeared on limited UK editions for one historical novel published in Great Britain, as the publisher believed it might confuse readers if released under her own name. Roberts' collaborations are rare and typically limited to contributions of novellas or short stories to shared anthologies, such as Bump in the Night (2006), which featured works alongside other authors in the genre; she has no major co-authored novels.

Literary Works

Overview of Publications

Nora Roberts has authored over 225 novels under her own name, along with more than 50 under the pseudonym J.D. Robb for diversification, resulting in over 500 million copies sold worldwide by 2025. Her publications center on romance, including contemporary, historical, and varieties, while branching into , fantasy, and women's fiction to explore diverse narrative styles. Roberts launched her career in the 1980s through and imprints, producing category romances, before shifting to hardcover formats with Putnam and Berkley in the 1990s, a period that solidified her pattern of annual book releases. The author's works have been translated into more than 30 languages, contributing to her sustained presence on international bestseller lists, particularly the list, since the 1990s.

Major Series and Stand-Alone Novels

Nora Roberts, writing under the J.D. Robb, launched her longest-running series with in 1995, introducing Lieutenant Eve Dallas, a tough New York Police and Security Department in a near-future setting. The , now exceeding 60 installments as of 2025, combines elements of with romantic suspense, following Eve as she solves murders amid advanced technology and personal relationships, particularly her marriage to the enigmatic Roarke. This blend has defined the series' appeal, exploring themes of justice, trauma recovery, and enduring love in a dystopian urban landscape. Among Roberts' other notable series, the Circle Trilogy marks her venture into paranormal fantasy, published in 2006. Comprising Morrigan's Cross, Dance of the Gods, and Valley of Silence, the trilogy centers on a prophesied circle of six warriors—spanning humans, witches, and shapeshifters—who unite across time and realms to combat the queen in a battle for humanity's survival. Infused with and elements of magic, the narrative emphasizes camaraderie, sacrifice, and the clash between light and darkness. The Bride Quartet, released between 2009 and 2011, shifts to contemporary women's fiction with a focus on friendship and romance. The four books—Vision in White, Bed of Roses, Savor the Moment, and Happy Ever After—follow four lifelong friends who operate a wedding planning business in Connecticut, each volume highlighting one woman's journey toward love while managing professional and personal challenges. Themes of self-discovery, loyalty, and the intricacies of modern relationships underpin the quartet's lighthearted yet emotionally resonant tone. Roberts' Chronicles of The One trilogy, spanning 2017 to 2019, delves into post-apocalyptic with Year One, Of Blood and Bone, and The Rise of Magicks. Set after a deadly unleashes both chaos and latent magical abilities, the series tracks survivors, including the prophesied Fallon Swift, as they form alliances against oppressive forces in a world blending , fantasy, and survival drama. Central motifs include resilience, the emergence of gifts, and the quest for a new societal order amid horror and hope. In her stand-alone novels, Roberts often experiments with suspense and empowerment narratives, as seen in Montana Sky (1996), where three estranged half-sisters must coexist on their late father's remote to claim their inheritance, confronting family secrets, external threats, and their own vulnerabilities. The story weaves thriller elements with themes of sisterhood, independence, and healing from patriarchal legacies. Similarly, The Witness (2012) follows Abigail Lowery, a brilliant but reclusive computer living off-grid after witnessing a execution as a teenager, whose guarded life intersects with local police chief Brooks Gleason, sparking a tense romance amid pursuit by her past. This novel highlights survival instincts, trust-building, and female agency in the face of danger. Roberts' major series foster loyal readership through interconnected character arcs and annual releases, particularly the In Death books, which encourage ongoing engagement with evolving storylines. Her stand-alone works, by contrast, demonstrate versatility across genres, allowing exploration of isolated tales that underscore empowerment and familial bonds without series commitments.

Recent and Upcoming Releases

In the early 2020s, Nora Roberts continued to expand her fantasy-romance blend with the completion of the Dragon Heart Legacy trilogy, releasing The Becoming on November 23, 2021, as the second installment following the protagonist Breen Kelly's deepening immersion in a magical parallel world, and The Choice on November 22, 2022, which concluded the series with themes of empowerment and conflict between light and dark forces. Alongside this, her 2021 stand-alone novel Legacy, published on May 25, explored intergenerational trauma and resilience through the story of a yoga studio owner confronting her past, achieving #1 New York Times bestseller status upon release. These works maintained Roberts' signature style of intertwining romance with speculative elements, appealing to fans seeking escapist narratives amid global uncertainties. Shifting toward gothic suspense, Roberts launched the Lost Bride Trilogy in 2023 with on November 21, a tale of family secrets and hauntings centered on an 18th-century affecting modern , which also topped lists. The series progressed with The Mirror on November 19, 2024, delving into and inherited legacies through a bookseller's encounter with a malevolent antique, further emphasizing themes of female and intrigue. The trilogy culminates with the upcoming The Seven Rings, scheduled for November 18, 2025, promising a climactic resolution involving ancient artifacts and battles against dark entities. In 2025, Roberts delivers Hidden Nature as a stand-alone on May 27, following an injured natural resources officer who uncovers a duo while rebuilding her life, blending high-stakes thriller elements with romantic tension. She also oversees reissues, such as Sweet Stubborn Love on , a compilation of two Stanislaski family stories highlighting opposites-attract dynamics in classic romance mode. Throughout these releases, Roberts sustains her fusion of romance and , with recent works reflecting motifs of recovery and strength that resonate in a post-pandemic context, consistently earning critical acclaim for character-driven storytelling and commercial success as New York Times bestsellers. Under her J.D. Robb pseudonym, the persists with annual installments, including Framed in Death on September 2, 2025, extending the futuristic crime-solving saga.

Commercial Success and Recognition

Sales Achievements and Industry Impact

Nora Roberts has achieved extraordinary commercial success, with more than 500 million copies of her books sold globally, making her one of the most prolific and bestselling authors in publishing history. This figure underscores her dominance in the romance genre, where her extensive catalog has consistently driven massive sales volumes. By 2025, she had secured 124 placements on the bestseller list, including 29 titles that debuted at number one, highlighting her ability to command immediate market attention upon release. These milestones reflect not only her output of more than 250 novels but also her sustained appeal to a broad readership. Roberts played a pivotal role in shaping the romance genre by pioneering the romantic suspense subgenre, blending elements of mystery and thriller with romantic narratives, which expanded the boundaries of traditional romance fiction starting in the . Her innovations helped boost the women's fiction market during the and , elevating romance from category paperbacks to mainstream bestsellers and proving the genre's viability for major deals. As the first inducted into the Romance Writers of America Hall of Fame in 1986, she set a benchmark for excellence and in the field. Her consistent status as a top earner, with an estimated of $510 million as of 2025, further illustrates her economic influence on the industry. Beyond financial metrics, Roberts' impact extends to cultural and structural changes in publishing. She has inspired a diverse array of voices in romance writing by demonstrating how to infuse the genre with strong, multifaceted female protagonists and varied subplots, encouraging subsequent authors to explore hybrid forms. Her early adoption of e-books, with sales surpassing one million units by 2011 and continuing to grow, has enhanced accessibility and contributed to the digital shift in romance consumption, broadening the genre's reach in the modern era.

Awards and Honors

Nora Roberts has received numerous accolades throughout her career, recognizing her contributions to the romance genre and her innovative storytelling. These honors, primarily from industry organizations like the Romance Writers of America (RWA), underscore her influence in blending romance with suspense and contemporary themes. She holds the record for 21 RITA Awards, the RWA's highest honor for excellence in romance fiction. Under her primary name, Nora Roberts, she earned multiple RITA Awards from 1983 to 2009. Notable wins include The Heart's Victory (1983, Contemporary Sensual Romance, originally a Golden Medallion), (1987, Long Contemporary Series Romance), Carolina Moon (2001, Romantic Suspense), and (2009, Novel with Strong Romantic Elements), demonstrating her versatility across subgenres. Earlier Golden Medallion Awards, the RITA's precursor, include The Heart's Victory (1983) and (1987). Roberts also secured Quill Awards in 2006 and 2007, a reader-voted honor celebrating popular fiction. In 2006, she won the Romance category for Blue Smoke, and in 2007, Angels Fall took both the Romance prize and the prestigious Book of the Year award, affirming her broad appeal to audiences. These wins emphasized her ability to produce commercially resonant stories with emotional depth. In 1989, Roberts received the Romantic Times Career Achievement Award for Contemporary Romance, followed by the Series Romantic Fantasy award in 1990-1991, early recognitions of her pioneering work in evolving romance subgenres. As J.D. Robb, her pseudonym for the In Death crime-suspense series, Roberts garnered three RITA Awards: 2006 for Survivor in Death (Romantic Suspense), 2012 for New York to Dallas (Romantic Suspense), and 2015 for Concealed in Death (Romantic Suspense), showcasing her success in fusing romance with procedural elements. The series has also excelled in reader polls, such as All About Romance annual awards for titles including Loyalty in Death, reflecting fan appreciation for characters like Roarke. Roberts' lifetime honors include the 1997 RWA Lifetime Achievement Award, later renamed in her honor as the Nora Roberts Lifetime Achievement Award in , honoring her enduring impact on romance literature. No major awards post-2020 are noted, coinciding with the RITA's discontinuation and replacement by the Vivian Awards in , though she continues to receive nominations. These accolades collectively highlight her role in advancing genre boundaries and elevating romance's literary status.

Adaptations and Media Presence

Television and Film Adaptations

Nora Roberts' novels, known for their blend of romance and suspense, have been adapted into numerous television movies, primarily by the Lifetime network. Beginning with the 2001 Lifetime original , starring as photojournalist Jo Ellen Hathaway, the adaptations emphasize the dramatic tension and emotional depth of her stories. In 2006, Roberts signed a deal with Lifetime to develop four films based on her works, marking the start of a prolific partnership that resulted in multiple releases over the following years. These productions typically highlight the romantic suspense elements central to her narratives, transforming her bestselling books into accessible made-for-TV features. The 2007 lineup, often referred to as the first series of The Nora Roberts Collection, included Angels Fall starring , Montana Sky with Ashley Williams, Blue Smoke featuring , and Carolina Moon led by . Angels Fall, which premiered on January 29, 2007, drew 4.9 million viewers and exemplified the genre's appeal with its story of a woman rebuilding her life after trauma. Subsequent waves in 2009 brought Northern Lights, Midnight Bayou, Tribute, and to Lifetime, while 2011 saw Carnal Innocence starring . The partnership continued with Whiskey Beach in 2013, starring and . Roberts has consulted on these projects through her production deals but does not write the scripts, allowing filmmakers to adapt her plots for the small screen. More recent adaptations include the 2022 Netflix film Brazen, based on the novel Brazen Virtue and starring as a entangled in a thriller plot. Overall, these TV movies have garnered solid viewership for Lifetime, often averaging several million viewers per premiere, though has been mixed, with praise for their engaging romances but critiques of formulaic pacing. Theatrical releases remain rare, with most adaptations confined to television and streaming platforms to capitalize on Roberts' loyal fanbase.

Other Media and Merchandise

Nora Roberts' novels have been extensively produced as audiobooks, with more than 200 titles available through publishers like Brilliance Audio, significantly broadening access for auditory learners and commuters. The , written under her J.D. Robb pseudonym, features consistent narration by Susan Ericksen, whose versatile voice work has received acclaim, including multiple AudioFile Earphones Awards for entries like Thankless in Death and . This audio format has amplified the series' popularity, allowing fans to immerse themselves in the futuristic crime narratives during everyday activities. Official merchandise tied to Roberts' works, particularly the J.D. Robb line, is sold via her dedicated websites and the Turn the Page Bookstore she co-owns in Boonsboro, . Items include apparel, mugs, and book-themed accessories that appeal to dedicated readers, often featuring motifs from the universe. The bookstore also hosts fan events, such as signings and discussions, which strengthen community bonds around her storytelling legacy. In the digital realm, Roberts' books transitioned to e-book formats in the early , coinciding with the rise of platforms like eBooks.com and , enabling instant global distribution. Her official blog, Fall Into the Story, serves as a key hub for updates, recipe shares, and behind-the-scenes glimpses, while newsletters deliver exclusive excerpts and news to subscribers. Beyond core formats, Roberts' brand extends through fan-driven expansions without venturing into video games. She is a frequent topic on podcasts like Podcast in Death, where enthusiasts analyze her narratives in depth. Reading challenges, such as the 2025 Nora November read-a-thon, prompt participants to explore her titles thematically, often tying activities to character actions like solving mysteries or crafting.

Philanthropy and Business Ventures

Charitable Activities

Nora Roberts established the Nora Roberts Foundation in 2001 to promote as a fundamental human right while also supporting initiatives in , children's programs, , and environmental causes. The foundation prioritizes grants to nonprofit organizations that empower underserved communities, with a particular emphasis on programs that provide access to education and reading resources for adults and youth. Based in , it directs the majority of its funding to local initiatives in the state but extends grants nationwide. Key areas of support include education grants aimed at underprivileged through children's programs that foster learning and development opportunities. The foundation has also provided funding for efforts. Additional contributions address women's needs, including a $1 million lead gift announced in May 2024 to San Mar Children's Home for renovating facilities to offer housing and services for young women aging out of , helping prevent . These efforts reflect a commitment to humanitarian causes, including support for homeless shelters and food banks in local communities. By 2023, the foundation had donated more than $50 million primarily to and children's programs, with annual grants continuing at approximately $6 million as of 2024. It supports approximately 140 organizations annually, focusing on community-level impact through modest grants averaging $3,000 to $5,000 for most recipients. This targeted giving has enabled sustained assistance to nonprofits addressing , access, and in and beyond.

Owned Businesses and Community Involvement

Nora Roberts and her husband, Bruce Wilder, opened Turn the Page Bookstore in July 1995 in a pre-Civil War townhouse located off the town square in Boonsboro, , addressing the lack of a local bookstore in southern Washington County. The independent bookstore specializes in Roberts' extensive catalog of works under her own name and pseudonym J.D. Robb, while also stocking popular fiction, local history titles, and related gifts such as jewelry and soy candles. It regularly hosts author signings, book clubs, and community-focused events that draw readers and foster literary engagement in the area. In 2007, Roberts and Wilder acquired the historic Boone Hotel property in Boonsboro, renovating it into Inn BoonsBoro, an eight-room boutique bed-and-breakfast that opened on 2009 after a fire during restoration. The inn features rooms themed around iconic literary couples from Roberts' favorite romances, blending with elements inspired by her storytelling, and has been highlighted in national media for its unique appeal to book enthusiasts. These ventures play a significant role in Boonsboro's community by employing local residents and boosting through visitor attractions tied to Roberts' literary world. The businesses have expanded digitally, with offering online orders for signed books and Gifts Inn BoonsBoro providing an platform for merchandise like apparel and themed items, enhancing accessibility without major structural changes as of late 2025. Profits from these operations have supported charitable causes, though specifics remain private.

Controversies

Plagiarism Incident

In 1997, Nora Roberts discovered striking similarities between Janet Dailey's novel Notorious (1996) and her own earlier works from the late 1970s and 1980s, including The Law Is a Lady (1983) and Sweet Revenge (1988). A reader initially alerted Roberts to the parallels after reading both books back-to-back, prompting her to investigate further and identify plagiarized passages, plot elements, and character details across multiple titles. Roberts responded publicly by sending a letter to Romantic Times, accusing Dailey of deliberate copying and emphasizing the violation of authorial in the romance . Dailey, a longtime peer and friend in the industry, initially denied the allegations but soon admitted to material from several of Roberts' , attributing it to "unconscious plagiarism" stemming from her admiration and a psychological disorder exacerbated by stress. She specifically confessed that Notorious and Aspen Gold (1991) lifted substantial sections, including and scenes, from Roberts' catalog. The incident culminated in a 1997 copyright infringement lawsuit filed by Roberts against Dailey, which was settled out of court in 1998 under confidential terms. As part of the resolution, Dailey issued a public apology, withdrew the offending from publication, and agreed to donate an undisclosed sum to literacy organizations; Roberts directed her portion of the settlement to the Literacy Volunteers of America (now ProLiteracy). Roberts subsequently became a vocal for protecting , using the case to highlight the emotional and professional toll of , often describing it as a form of "mind rape." Roberts continued this advocacy in by filing a against Brazilian author Cristiane Serruya for multi-plagiarism involving her works and those of over 40 others. The heightened awareness of risks within the romance writing community, leading to greater vigilance among publishers and authors regarding originality checks. For Roberts, it marked a pivotal moment in asserting her boundaries, with no subsequent claims against her works reported.

Industry Disputes

In the late 2010s, Nora Roberts became a prominent voice in the Romance Writers of America (RWA) racism controversy, publicly criticizing the organization's leadership for mishandling complaints about diversity and inclusion. In a December 2019 blog post, Roberts condemned the RWA's decision to censure board member for highlighting racist content in another author's work, describing the action as part of a "long-standing and systemic marginalisation of authors of colour, [and] of LGBTQ authors" within the group. She argued that the RWA's response exemplified broader failures to address bigotry, urging reforms to foster a more inclusive environment for romance writers from marginalized backgrounds. Roberts' outspoken criticism contributed to widespread member backlash, including mass resignations and the cancellation of the 2020 RITA Awards, the RWA's premier honor. In response to the uproar, the RWA restructured its awards process that year, abolishing the RITAs and introducing the Vivian Awards in 2022 to better reflect the genre's diversity. Building on her earlier advocacy for authors' rights in the 1997 case against , Roberts positioned herself as an industry elder championing inclusivity without pursuing personal lawsuits in these disputes. Beyond RWA issues, Roberts has advocated against genre snobbery that dismisses romance as lesser literature, emphasizing in interviews that the form's structured storytelling deserves respect alongside other genres. In the , she addressed threats to author rights through comments on book banning, denouncing school districts' 2023 removals of her novels as "shocking" and part of a misguided effort to censor consensual, monogamous content. In a New York Times interview, she expressed astonishment at ongoing bans, stating, "It's just astonishing to me that we could be in 2023, and we are banning books. We've learned nothing." Her advocacy has extended to ongoing support for diverse romance authors, reinforcing calls for equity in publishing as recently as 2024 amid the RWA's Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in May 2024, stemming from these unresolved tensions.

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  97. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/may/22/romance-writers-of-america-racism-row-new-prize-ritas-vivian
  98. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/books/courtney-milan-romance-writers-america.html
  99. https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/trade-shows-events/article/82100-rwa-cancels-2020-rita-awards.html
  100. https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/books/a31139140/black-authors-romance-writers-association-controversy-racism/
  101. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/04/28/ron-desantis-book-ban-nora-roberts-florida/
  102. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/18/books/nora-roberts-romance-interview.html
  103. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/romance-genre-thrives-despite-rwa-bankruptcy-diversity-controversies-rcna155497
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