Ernestine Louise Potowski, later known as Ernestine Rose, was born into a wealthy and orthodox Jewish family. Her father was a rabbi.

Rose received a comprehensive education, including religious instruction. However, she began to question traditional religious doctrines at a young age, developing freethinking beliefs.

Upon her mother's death, Rose challenged the patriarchal inheritance laws that deprived women of their rightful inheritance. She successfully argued her case in a Polish court, winning her inheritance and demonstrating her early commitment to women's equality.

Feeling constrained by the religious dogma, Rose publicly renounced Judaism. This act was a significant departure from societal norms and underscored her independent spirit.

Rose traveled extensively throughout Europe, including Germany and France. During these travels, she encountered utopian socialist ideas, which further influenced her progressive worldview and commitment to social reform.

While in England, Ernestine met William Rose, a Christian socialist and silversmith. Their shared beliefs and progressive values led to a lifelong partnership.