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FC Moscow
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FC Moscow
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FC Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб Москва) was a Russian football club based in Moscow.

Key Information

History

[edit]

The creation of the team was first announced by the Moscow government on 1 March 2004.[1] FC Moscow was formed on the base of FC Torpedo-Metallurg. The team played in the Russian Cup final in 2007.

Moscow's best result in Russian Premier League was a 4th position in 2007.

On 14 December 2007, Oleg Blokhin was announced as FC Moscow's new manager with Leonid Slutsky having left at the end of the 2007 season.[2] In February 2010 the club withdrew from the Premier League after their owner and main sponsor, MMC Norilsk Nickel, withdrew funding.[3][4] Their place in the league was taken by Alania Vladikavkaz.[5] Subsequently, FC Moscow folded, ceasing to exist as a professional football club.[5][6] They played in 2010 in the fourth level of the Russian football pyramid, the Amateur Football League, and after that season the team was dissolved altogether on 28 December.[7] Soon after the club was reestablished and continue to compete in the Amateur Football League.

During the professional period, E. Streltsov Stadium, in Moscow was used as home ground.

Domestic history

[edit]
Season Div. Pos. Pl. W D L GS GA P Domestic Cup Europe Top scorer (league) Head coach
2004 1st 9 30 10 10 10 38 39 40 Round of 32 Argentina Bracamonte – 11 Russia Petrakov
2005 5 30 14 8 8 36 26 50 Round of 16 Russia Kirichenko – 14 Russia Petrakov
Russia Slutsky
2006 6 30 10 13 7 41 37 43 Round of 16 IC 3rd round Russia Kirichenko – 12 Russia Slutsky
2007 4 30 15 7 8 40 32 52 Runner-up Russia Adamov – 14 Russia Slutsky
2008 9 30 9 11 10 34 36 38 Quarterfinals Argentina Bracamonte – 8 Ukraine Blokhin
2009 6 30 13 9 8 39 28 48 Semifinals UC 1st round Slovakia Jakubko – 8 Montenegro Božović
2010 4th, Zone Moscow, Division A 3 28 21 1 6 75 28 64 Russia Agaptsev – 21 Russia Vasilyev
2017 4th, Zone Moscow 11 16 4 5 7 43 52 17 Russia Skopin – 5 Russia Zvezdin

European history

[edit]

FC Moscow in its first appearance on the European arena reached the third round of 2006 Intertoto Cup and was eliminated by Hertha BSC Berlin. FC Moscow made their second appearance in Europe in the 2008–09 UEFA Cup, beating Legia Warsaw in the qualifying round.

As of match played 11 March 2020
Competition Pld W D L GF GA
UEFA Intertoto Cup 4 2 1 1 3 2
UEFA Cup 4 2 1 1 6 4
Total 8 4 2 2 9 6
Season Competition Round Club Home Away Aggregate
2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup Second round Belarus MTZ-RIPO Minsk 2–0 1–0 3–0
Third round Germany Hertha BSC 0–0 0–2 0–2
2008–09 UEFA Cup Second round Poland Legia Warsaw 2–0 2–1 4–1
Third round Denmark Copenhagen 1–2 1–1 2–3

Nicknames

[edit]

Fans and journalists called FC Moskva The Citizens (Russian: Горожане). The colloquial nickname for the club is The Caps (Russian: Кепки), which refers to Moscow government ownership (former Moscow mayor Yuriy Luzhkov usually wears a cap).

FC Moscow players in 2008.

Notable players

[edit]

Had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for FC Moscow/Torpedo-ZIL/Torpedo-Metallurg.

Managers

[edit]

Information correct as of match played 29 November 2009. Only competitive matches are counted.

Name Nat. From To P W D L GS GA %W Honours Notes
Valery Petrakov  Russia 1 January 2004 14 July 2005 50 19 16 15 67 55 038.00
Leonid Slutsky  Russia 15 July 2005 11 November 2007 94 43 26 25 131 108 045.74
Oleg Blokhin  Ukraine 14 December 2007[2] 27 November 2008 36 13 12 11 46 41 036.11
Miodrag Božović  Montenegro 1 January 2009 1 March 2010 34 16 9 9 45 31 047.06
  • Notes:

P – Total of played matches W – Won matches D – Drawn matches L – Lost matches GS – Goal scored GA – Goals against
%W – Percentage of matches won

Nationality is indicated by the corresponding FIFA country code(s).

Club records

[edit]

Top goalscorers

[edit]
As of Match played 29 November 2009
Héctor Bracamonte was FC Moscow's leading goalscorer, scoring 36 goals in 157 games during his 5.5-years at the club.
Name Years League Russian Cup Europe Total
1 Argentina Héctor Bracamonte 2004–2009 30 (136) 5 (13) 1 (8) 36 (157)
2 Russia Dmitri Kirichenko 2005–2007 26 (54) 4 (5) 0 (4) 30 (63)
3 Russia Roman Adamov 2006–2008 23 (63) 3 (9) 2 (4) 28 (76)
4 Russia Sergei Semak 2006–2007 12 (57) 3 (12) 0 (4) 15 (73)
5 Russia Aleksei Melyoshin 2004–2008 10 (78) 1 (5) 0 (0) 11 (83)
6 Argentina Pablo Barrientos 2006–2008 6 (33) 4 (9) 0 (0) 10 (42)
6 Moldova Stanislav Ivanov 2004–2008 9 (112) 1 (15) 0 (6) 10 (133)
6 Russia Pyotr Bystrov 2006–2008 7 (69) 2 (11) 1 (8) 10 (88)
9 Argentina Maxi López 2007–2009 9 (22) 0 (2) 0 (1) 9 (25)
9 Russia Aleksandr Samedov 2008–2009 2 (44) 0 (5) 2 (4) 9 (53)
9 Russia Oleg Kuzmin 2004–2008 6 (115) 2 (15) 1 (7) 9 (137)
9 Lithuania Edgaras Česnauskis 2008–2009 5 (35) 3 (6) 1 (3) 9 (44)

Most appearances

[edit]
As of Match played 29 November 2009
Name Years League Russian Cup Europe Total
1 Argentina Héctor Bracamonte 2004–2009 136 (30) 13 (5) 8 (1) 157 (36)
2 Belarus Yuri Zhevnov 2005–2009 124 (0) 13 (0) 7 (0) 144 (0)
3 Russia Oleg Kuzmin 2004–2008 115 (6) 15 (2) 7 (1) 137 (9)
4 Moldova Stanislav Ivanov 2004–2008 112 (9) 15 (1) 6 (0) 133 (10)
5 Moldova Radu Rebeja 2004–2008 110 (3) 13 (0) 4 (0) 127 (3)
6 Russia Dmitri Godunok 2005–2008 100 (3) 11 (1) 8 (0) 119 (4)
7 Poland Mariusz Jop 2004–2009 86 (4) 10 (0) 4 (0) 100 (4)
8 Romania Pompiliu Stoica 2004–2008 88 (0) 11 (0) 0 (0) 99 (0)
9 Russia Pyotr Bystrov 2006–2008 69 (7) 15 (2) 4 (1) 88 (10)
10 Moldova Alexandru Epureanu 2007–2009 71 (3) 12 (1) 3 (0) 86 (4)

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

FC Moscow

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
FC Moscow was a professional association football club based in Moscow, Russia, that competed in the top tier of Russian football from 2004 until its dissolution in 2010. Originally founded in 1997 as Torpedo-ZiL following the sale of the historic Torpedo Moscow team, the club was rebranded as FC Moscow in 2004 through a partnership between the Moscow city government and mining giant MMC Norilsk Nickel, aiming to create a competitive "people's team" for the capital. Under the financial backing of , FC Moscow experienced a period of relative success in the , achieving its highest-ever league finish of fourth place in the season with 52 points from 15 wins, 7 draws, and 8 losses. That same year, the club reached the Russian Cup final, where it faced Lokomotiv Moscow at and lost 1-0 in extra time after a goalless 90 minutes. The team also qualified for the , marking its only foray into European competition, though it was eliminated in the third round by . Despite ambitions to challenge Russia's established powerhouses like Spartak Moscow and —including rumored pursuits of high-profile talents such as , , and Ángel Di María—FC Moscow never won a major trophy and struggled with inconsistent performances, finishing as high as fifth in 2005 but dropping to mid-table positions like sixth in 2009. The club's fortunes declined amid the global , leading Norilsk Nickel to withdraw its sponsorship on February 5, 2010, prompting FC Moscow's expulsion from the . It briefly continued in the fourth-tier Amateur Football League for the 2010 season before being fully dissolved in the autumn of that year, following the dismissal of Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov, a key supporter.

History

Origins and founding

FC Moscow traces its origins to 1997, when the historic Torpedo Moscow club—long associated with the automotive factory—was sold to Luzhniki OJSC amid Russia's . In response, ZIL executives, led by CEO Valery Nosov, established a new entity named Torpedo-ZiL to preserve the factory's footballing tradition. The club entered the fourth-tier Amateur Football League (KFK) that year, marking the beginning of its professional journey as a separate organization from the original Torpedo. Under initial management focused on youth development and factory support, Torpedo-ZiL quickly demonstrated competitive potential. The team secured back-to-back promotions, first in 1998 to the third-tier Russian Second Division and then in 1999 to the second-tier First Division, achieving this ascent through disciplined play and key wins in regional tournaments. By 2000, another promotion propelled the club into the for the 2001 season, where it finished 14th, just two points above the relegation zone. This rapid rise established Torpedo-ZiL as a resilient newcomer in Russian football's professional ranks. In 2003, mining giant MMC acquired the club and rebranded it as Torpedo-Metallurg, injecting significant industrial sponsorship to bolster its ambitions. The following year, 2004, saw a pivotal partnership between and the city under Yuriy Luzhkov, leading to the rebranding as FC Moscow. This collaboration aimed to enhance the club's appeal to residents by emphasizing a neutral, city-wide identity over its roots, with the providing infrastructural support and Luzhkov personally attending matches to promote . The initial ownership structure balanced 's financial backing with municipal oversight, setting the stage for the club's professional era.

Professional era and achievements

FC Moscow entered the in 2004 as a newly professionalized club under manager Valery Petrakov, marking their debut in the top flight after acquiring the license from the defunct Torpedo-Metallurg. The team finished 9th in the 30-team league, securing 40 points from 10 wins, 10 draws, and 10 losses, with a of -1 (38 goals scored, 39 conceded). This respectable mid-table position established a foundation of stability for the young club, though they were eliminated in the Russian Cup semi-finals by Krylia Sovetov. Petrakov was sacked in July 2005 following a poor start to the season, with Leonid Slutsky taking over as manager and steering the club to a 5th-place finish that year, earning qualification for the —their first European competition appearance, where they were eliminated in the third round by (0–0 away, 0–2 home). Under Slutsky, FC Moscow continued their upward trajectory, placing 6th in 2006 and achieving their highest-ever league position of 4th in 2007 with 52 points from 15 wins, 7 draws, and 8 losses. The 2007 campaign also saw them reach the Russian Cup final, where they lost 1–0 to Lokomotiv Moscow in extra time at the , attended by 45,000 spectators. Slutsky's tenure introduced key tactical shifts, emphasizing defensive solidity and rapid counter-attacks, which transformed the team's style from inconsistent to resilient and opportunistic. This approach minimized vulnerabilities at the back while exploiting transitions effectively, contributing to their improved league standings and the qualification via their 4th-place finish. Amid these on-field successes, FC Moscow's ambitious ownership pursued high-profile European talents to elevate the club further, though several deals fell through. In 2006, they strongly pursued from , but the transfer collapsed when Figo's wife declined to relocate to Moscow. The following year, the club targeted manager to replace Slutsky and young winger after his standout performance at the , but neither ambition materialized.

Decline and dissolution

Following the successful periods earlier in the decade, FC Moscow experienced a gradual loss of competitive momentum starting in 2008 under manager , whose tenure was marked by a strict disciplinary approach that yielded inconsistent results. In the 2008 Russian Premier League season, the club finished in 9th place with 38 points from 30 matches (9 wins, 11 draws, 10 losses), a mid-table position that reflected diminishing ambitions compared to prior European qualification campaigns. That season, they also participated in the , advancing to the second round before elimination by . The 2009 season saw a slight improvement, with FC Moscow ending 6th in the league table, accumulating 48 points from 30 matches (13 wins, 9 draws, 8 losses), but underlying financial pressures began to erode the club's stability despite the on-field performance. Blokhin departed on 27 November 2008, after which took over as manager on 1 January 2009, leading the team to the 6th-place finish. The team struggled to maintain cohesion amid ownership changes, including the 2007 sale of shares from to , who showed limited commitment to the project. Financial woes culminated on February 5, 2010, when primary sponsor abruptly withdrew funding due to the global economic crisis, prompting the club to announce its immediate exit from the and advise players to seek new . This decision, tied to the club's reliance on municipal and corporate support under Mayor Yuri Luzhkov, led to expulsion by the , ending FC Moscow's professional era. The club's official dissolution occurred in autumn 2010, shortly after Luzhkov's dismissal by President on October 28, 2010, for "loss of confidence," which severed key political backing. In a brief transitional phase, a reserve or affiliate team participated in the 2010 Russian Amateur Football League at the fourth tier, but operations ceased entirely by December 2010 with no further professional revival. Post-dissolution, sporadic attempts to resurrect the club in lower divisions fizzled without sustained success, and as of 2025, FC Moscow remains inactive with no ongoing competitive participation or merger discussions reported.

Club identity

Names and nicknames

FC Moscow originated from , established in 1997 after the sale of historic , and was renamed Metallurg in 2003 under 's ownership before rebranding to FC Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб Москва) in 2004 as a collaboration between and the city government. The club's primary nickname, "The Citizens" (Russian: Горожане, Gorozhane), was officially promoted to highlight its direct ties to 's municipal authorities, positioning it as a team for the city's residents in contrast to more traditional industrial or institutional clubs. An informal moniker, "The Caps" (Russian: Кепки, Kepki), emerged among fans and rivals, stemming from former Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov's distinctive habit of wearing a flat cap to matches, as he served as a key sponsor and proponent of the club during its early years. In the broader context of Russian football, where club identities often derive from Soviet-era patrons such as factories, railways, or state ministries—exemplified by Torpedo's automotive roots or Spartak's origins—these nicknames for FC Moscow underscored its modern, government-aligned identity, symbolizing civic pride and urban representation amid a landscape dominated by legacy working-class affiliations.

Colours, badge, and kit suppliers

FC Moscow's traditional colours are red and white for the home kit and black and white for the away kit. The club's was introduced in 2004 and featured a incorporating the skyline and football motifs to reflect the team's roots in the city. During the professional era, FC Moscow's kits were supplied by from 2004 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2010.

Facilities

Stadium and training grounds

The primary home stadium for FC Moscow from its founding in 2004 until its dissolution in 2010 was the in , a venue with strong historical connections to Torpedo Moscow, the club's predecessor entity as Torpedo-ZIL. Originally constructed in 1959 and opened in 1960 as a modest training facility for Torpedo Moscow, the stadium hosted its first competitive in 1977 and became the club's permanent home ground the following year. A major renovation in 1998 installed new seating, reducing the capacity to 13,450 while modernizing the infrastructure. The club occasionally utilized the larger for select matches, such as the 2006–07 Russian Cup final against Lokomotiv Moscow. This multi-purpose venue in central Moscow, with a capacity exceeding 80,000, provided an alternative for high-profile fixtures when needed during the professional era. Prior to 2004, as Torpedo-ZIL, the club trained at facilities tied to the automotive factory in Moscow's southern suburbs, reflecting its origins as a for the Likhachev Plant. During its active years, FC Moscow continued to use training grounds in the Moscow suburbs, including areas within the broader Sports Complex E.A. Streltsov, which encompassed multiple pitches for practice and preparation.

Supporters and rivalries

The fanbase of FC Moscow was predominantly composed of local Moscow residents, reflecting the club's short existence from to 2010 and its strong ties to city government sponsorship under Mayor Yuri Luzhkov, which positioned it as a municipal representative in Russian football. Due to its relatively recent founding and lack of deep historical roots, the supporter profile skewed younger, with a focus on schoolchildren, students, and community members including politicians and artists, while featuring fewer fans over 40 years old compared to established Moscow clubs. Organized support for FC Moscow was limited, centered around an supporters' club that established branches in secondary schools, such as at school No. 506, to cultivate youth interest. The club collaborated with the Moscow Education Committee to promote engagement through player visits to schools, master classes, mini-tournaments, relay races, and penalty shootouts during home matches, alongside initiatives like "yard" football competitions and district events. Volunteers from the supporters' club, trained since 2004, assisted local with match safety, and activities extended to computer club sessions featuring team-based games and online player Q&As. In a notable display of amid the club's financial woes, eleven fans staged a in February 2010 to protest delayed player payments and push for league reinstatement after dissolution, though it lasted only five days without success. Overall, average attendance hovered around 5,000 to 10,000, the lowest in the , underscoring the modest scale of the fanbase relative to more popular rivals. As a newcomer among Moscow's established football institutions, FC Moscow's rivalries were mild and lacked the intensity of traditional derbies, with minimal fan confrontations involving clubs like , Spartak Moscow, , and Lokomotiv Moscow. The club's youth-oriented supporter base contributed to its limited role in heated stand-offs, as older fan demographics—often central to such rivalries—were underrepresented. No dedicated "Moscow Derby" emerged around FC Moscow matches, reflecting its status as a peripheral entrant in the city's football landscape rather than a core contender.

Management and ownership

Presidents and owners

FC Moscow's leadership during its amateur era, prior to its entry into professional football in 2004, was handled by executives associated with its predecessor club, Torpedo-ZIL, including Valery Nosov, who served as CEO from 1997 and oversaw its operations in the lower divisions. Upon rebranding and professionalization in 2004, Yuri Belous was appointed as the club's president, a role he held until 2009, during which he managed key operational decisions and international outreach efforts. The club's ownership from 2004 to 2010 was a between the Moscow city government, led by Yuri Luzhkov, and MMC , which provided substantial financial backing to support the team's ambitions in the . Luzhkov's administration played a pivotal role in the club's rebranding from Torpedo-ZIL to FC Moscow, aiming to create a representative team for the city and enhance its global image, with the mayor personally acting as a sponsor. Norilsk Nickel's involvement included major funding contributions, enabling high-profile signings and infrastructure investments, though the exact annual amounts varied. The partnership unraveled in early 2010 when withdrew its financial support on February 5, citing economic difficulties, which directly precipitated the club's inability to continue operations and its eventual dissolution later that year.

Managers

Valeriy Petrakov served as the inaugural manager of FC Moscow, taking charge from December 2003 to July 2005. In the club's debut professional season of 2004, he guided the team to a stabilizing ninth-place finish in the , marking a solid entry into the top flight after acquiring the license from Torpedo-Metallurg. His tenure laid foundational discipline, though a poor start to 2005 led to his departure midway through the campaign. Leonid Slutsky succeeded Petrakov in July 2005 and managed until November 2007, during which he transformed FC Moscow into a competitive force. Under his leadership, the team achieved fifth place in the 2005 , sixth place in 2006, and peaked with a fourth-place finish in 2007, securing Cup qualification. Slutsky also took the club to the 2007 Russian Cup final, where they fell to Lokomotiv Moscow in extra time, highlighting his tactical acumen in building a resilient squad on modest resources. Oleg Blokhin, a Ukrainian coaching veteran, was appointed in January 2008 and held the position until of that year. Bringing an emphasis on technical skill and Eastern European training methodologies, Blokhin's tenure saw FC Moscow finish ninth in the amid inconsistent form and defensive vulnerabilities. Despite the mid-table result, his approach influenced squad dynamics before his dismissal at season's end. Miodrag Božović assumed the managerial role in January 2009 during the club's mounting financial pressures, departing in March 2010. He steered FC Moscow to a respectable sixth place in the 2009 , focusing on pragmatic tactics to maintain stability. However, the tenure coincided with the club's decline, culminating in its exclusion from the 2010 league due to ownership collapse.

Players and records

Notable players

Héctor Bracamonte, an Argentine forward, is widely regarded as a club legend for FC Moscow, having joined in 2004 and remaining until 2010, where he made 145 league appearances and became the all-time leading scorer with 46 goals across all competitions. His leadership extended beyond the pitch, as he served as captain and demonstrated strong influence in team dynamics during key seasons, including a memorable solo goal in a 3-1 victory over Spartak Moscow in 2005. Sergei Semak, a Russian international and former of the national team, played for FC Moscow from 2007 to 2009, contributing 73 appearances and 15 goals while serving as the team's on-field leader. His experience from prior stints at and Paris Saint-Germain bolstered the during the club's competitive campaigns, helping secure a sixth-place finish in the . Among other foreign players, Argentine forward had a brief but impactful stint from 2007 to 2009, scoring 9 goals in 22 league appearances after transferring from . Similarly, compatriot , an attacking midfielder fresh from Argentina's U-20 World Cup success, joined in 2007 for a half-season loan back to Racing Club after 7 appearances without goals, facing early adaptation challenges under coach . Russian contributors included striker Dmitri Kirichenko, who played from 2005 to 2006, amassing 55 appearances and 14 goals in the 2005 season alone as the league's co-top scorer. Forward Roman Adamov, another domestic talent, featured from 2006 to 2008, recording 77 appearances and 29 goals, establishing himself as a prolific presence in the attack. FC Moscow's ambition was evident in unrealized transfer pursuits, such as a bid for that collapsed when his wife declined to relocate to Moscow, and interest in young following Argentina's 2007 U-20 performance, though no deal materialized.

Club records and statistics

FC Moscow achieved its best finish in the during the 2007 season, placing fourth with 52 points from 30 matches, which qualified the club for the Cup the following year. The team recorded a of +11 in the 2009 season, despite finishing sixth and facing relegation. In European competition, FC Moscow participated in the , advancing past the first qualifying round before elimination, and competed in the , advancing to the round of 32 before elimination by on a 1–2 aggregate. The club's deepest run in the Russian Cup came in the 2006–07 edition, reaching the final after defeating several top-tier opponents, only to lose 1–0 to Lokomotiv Moscow in extra time at the . Earlier, in 2004, they advanced to the semi-finals but were eliminated by Krylia Sovetov Samara. Héctor Bracamonte holds the club records for most league appearances (145) and 31 league goals for FC Moscow between 2004 and 2009 (46 goals across all competitions), establishing himself as the team's most enduring performer during its tenure. His contributions included a team-high 11 goals in the 2004 debut season. Dmitri Kirichenko ranks among the top scorers with 14 goals in 2005, tying the club's single-season league record, and added 12 more the following year for a total of 26 league goals over two seasons. The table below highlights FC Moscow's leading single-season goalscorers in the :
SeasonPlayerGoals
2005Dmitri Kirichenko14
2007Roman Adamov14
2006Dmitri Kirichenko12
2004Héctor Bracamonte11
2008Héctor Bracamonte8
Notable individual feats include three hat-tricks by club players in league play: Kirichenko against Tom Tomsk in 2005 (4–1 win), Adamov against in 2007 (3–1 win), and Maxi López against Amkar Perm in 2007 (3–1 win).

References

  1. https://www.transfermarkt.com/fc-moscow-2010-/startseite/verein/5268
  2. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/mar/07/fc-moscow-norilsk-nickel
  3. https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/06/02/the-extravagant-failure-of-fc-moscow-the-team-that-once-had-its-sights-on-figo-del-bosque-and-di-maria/
  4. https://fbref.com/en/squads/444f6dbc/2007/FC-Moscow-Stats
  5. https://m.football-lineups.com/match/20107
  6. https://www.transfermarkt.com/fc-moscow/hertha-bsc/spielbericht/54118
  7. https://www.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/02/05/football.moscow.russia.withdrawal/index.html
  8. https://www.thesportsdb.com/team/140018-2007&y=2007
  9. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesr/rus99.html
  10. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesr/rus01.html
  11. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesr/rus03.html
  12. https://www.oddsportal.com/football/russia/premier-league-2004/standings/
  13. https://www.transfermarkt.com/premier-liga/tabelle/wettbewerb/RU1/saison_id/2007
  14. https://www.transfermarkt.com/premier-liga/tabelle/wettbewerb/RU1/saison_id/2008
  15. https://bleacherreport.com/articles/340341-economic-crisis-fc-moscow-leaves-the-rpl-for-financial-concerns
  16. https://www.through-the-turnstiles.com/political-football/football-in-moscow
  17. https://www.footballkitarchive.com/fc-moscow-2006-home-kit/142509/
  18. https://www.footballkitarchive.com/fc-moscow-2004-away-kit/142894/
  19. https://www.footballkitarchive.com/fc-moscow-kits/
  20. https://www.stadiumguide.com/sports-complex-e-a-streltsov/
  21. https://www.transfermarkt.us/5268/stadion/verein/5268
  22. https://www.stadiumguide.com/luzhniki/
  23. https://pjp-eu.coe.int/documents/42128013/47261476/supporters_russia.pdf/8af38928-c6f0-40f6-82c7-5478d1d6d898?t=1377511699000
  24. https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/young-blues-set-for-russia-date-1103218
  25. http://footballexpo.ru/eng
  26. https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSP232044/
  27. https://www.flashscore.com/football/russia/russian-cup-2007-2008/
  28. https://www.transfermarkt.us/oleg-blokhin/profil/trainer/2545
  29. https://www.transfermarkt.us/miodrag-bozovic/profil/trainer/4955
  30. https://www.transfermarkt.us/hector-bracamonte/leistungsdaten/spieler/19190
  31. https://www.footballtop.com/players/hector-bracamonte
  32. https://www.transfermarkt.us/sergey-semak/leistungsdatendetails/spieler/15373
  33. https://www.transfermarkt.us/maxi-moralez/leistungsdaten/spieler/30687
  34. https://www.fotmob.com/players/5678/dmitri-kirichenko
  35. https://www.topscorersfootball.com/team/fc-moscow
  36. https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/adamov/alletore/spieler/24116/verein_id/1083/wettbewerb/
  37. https://fbref.com/en/squads/444f6dbc/history/FC-Moscow-Stats-and-History
  38. https://fbref.com/en/players/334df852/Hector-Bracamonte
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