Feminism in Indonesia refers to the long history of discourse for gender equality to bring about positive social change in Indonesia. The issues women in Indonesia currently are facing include gender violence, underage marriages, and lack of representation in the political system. Feminism and the women's right movement began during colonial Indonesia under Dutch rule and were spearheaded by the national heroine Kartini, a Javanese noblewoman who advocated for the education of all women and girls regardless of social status. In the early 19th century, women's rights organizations and movements were allowed to developed under Budi Utomo, the first Indonesian Nationalist organization. Modern day Indonesian feminism include and are influenced by both fundamentalist and progressive Islamic women's organizations.

According to the 2020 Gender Gap Index measurement of countries by the World Economic Forum, Indonesia is ranked 85th on gender equality.

The earliest records of women's rights advocacy took place in the 19th century colonial Dutch East Indies with the leadership of Kartini of Jepara and Dewi Sartika, both of whom advocated for the education of girls and established schools in their community. These pioneers of the Indonesian women's movement advocated for women's rights and education for women and girls.

Kartini or Raden Adjeng Kartini was born a Javanese noblewoman in which she was able to attend Dutch colonial school which opened her eyes to Western ideals. After reaching adulthood, Javanese tradition dictated that Kartini live a life in gender segregation as a young female noble. During this time, Kartini wrote letters to her Dutch schoolmates, exposing the gender inequality emboldened by Javanese traditions which included forced marriages at a young age and the denial of education for women. With the help of the Dutch government, Kartini opened up the first Indonesian primary school for girls that allowed all Indonesian girls to attend regardless of social status. After her death in 1904, her letters were published and became symbol for the women's rights movement in Indonesia and furthered the cause of women's emancipation. April 1 is now celebrated annually as Kartini Day to celebrate her birth as a national heroine.

Dewi Sartika was another leading women's right activist and pioneer for women's education in Indonesia. She began teaching in her mother's house in Bandung teaching students how to knit, cook, sew, read, and write. In 1904, Sartika founded the first school for women in the Dutch East Indies named the Sekolah Isteri in Bandung. Sartika was honoured in 1966 as a National Hero of Indonesia, the highest level title awarded by the Government of Indonesia to citizens posthumously for heroic acts and extraordinary service.

In colonial Indonesia, women's involvement in the political sphere stemmed from mixed gender activities. Women who were able to pursue an education in elementary in middle school and high school became involved in cub scout activities such as Jong Java, Jong Sumatera, and Jong Ambon.

Beginning in the early 20th century, Indonesian women became more active in the political sphere namely in relation to independence and nationalist movements. One of the most prominent national organizations and first Indonesian nationalist women organizations was Putri Mardika (Independent Women) established in 1912 and closely aligned with Budi Utomo, the first nationalist movement. In 1920, Indonesia saw the establishment of Aisyiyah, the women's wing of Muhammadiyah, an Islamic-based organization. Taking part in the Youth Congress Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda), which was declared in on October 28, 1928, women were involved in the creation of young nationalists thought and ideas of Indonesian independence.

In Indonesian, the pledge reads: