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Femur
The femur (/ˈfiːmər/; pl.: femurs or femora /ˈfɛmərə/), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals, the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg.
The top of the femur fits into a socket in the pelvis called the hip joint, and the bottom of the femur connects to the shinbone (tibia) and kneecap (patella) to form the knee. In humans the femur is the largest and thickest bone in the body.
The femur is the only bone in the upper leg and the longest bone in the human body. The two femurs converge medially toward the knees, where they articulate with the proximal ends of the tibiae. The angle at which the femora converge is an important factor in determining the femoral-tibial angle. In females, thicker pelvic bones cause the femora to converge more than in males.
In the condition genu valgum (knock knee), the femurs converge so much that the knees touch. The opposite condition, genu varum (bow-leggedness), occurs when the femurs diverge. In the general population without these conditions, the femoral-tibial angle is about 175 degrees.
The femur is the thickest bone in the human body. It is considered the strongest bone by some measures, though other studies suggest the temporal bone may be stronger. On average, the femur length accounts for 26.74% of a person's height, a ratio found in both men and women across most ethnic groups with minimal variation. This ratio is useful in anthropology, as it provides a reliable estimate of a person's height from an incomplete skeleton.
The femur is classified as a long bone, consisting of diaphysis (shaft or body) and two epiphyses (extremities) that articulate with the hip and knee bones.
The upper or proximal extremity (close to the torso) contains the head, neck, the two trochanters and adjacent structures. The upper extremity is the thinnest femoral extremity, the lower extremity is the thickest femoral extremity.
The head of the femur, which articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone, comprises two-thirds of a sphere. It has a small groove, or fovea, connected through the round ligament to the sides of the acetabular notch. The head of the femur is connected to the shaft through the neck or collum. The neck is 4–5 cm. long and the diameter is smallest front to back and compressed at its middle. The collum forms an angle with the shaft in about 130 degrees. This angle is highly variant. In the infant, it is about 150 degrees and in old age reduced to 120 degrees on average. An abnormal increase in the angle is known as coxa valga and an abnormal reduction is called coxa vara. Both the head and neck of the femur is vastly embedded in the hip musculature and can not be directly palpated. In skinny people with the thigh laterally rotated, the head of the femur can be felt deep as a resistance profound (deep) for the femoral artery.
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Femur
The femur (/ˈfiːmər/; pl.: femurs or femora /ˈfɛmərə/), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals, the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg.
The top of the femur fits into a socket in the pelvis called the hip joint, and the bottom of the femur connects to the shinbone (tibia) and kneecap (patella) to form the knee. In humans the femur is the largest and thickest bone in the body.
The femur is the only bone in the upper leg and the longest bone in the human body. The two femurs converge medially toward the knees, where they articulate with the proximal ends of the tibiae. The angle at which the femora converge is an important factor in determining the femoral-tibial angle. In females, thicker pelvic bones cause the femora to converge more than in males.
In the condition genu valgum (knock knee), the femurs converge so much that the knees touch. The opposite condition, genu varum (bow-leggedness), occurs when the femurs diverge. In the general population without these conditions, the femoral-tibial angle is about 175 degrees.
The femur is the thickest bone in the human body. It is considered the strongest bone by some measures, though other studies suggest the temporal bone may be stronger. On average, the femur length accounts for 26.74% of a person's height, a ratio found in both men and women across most ethnic groups with minimal variation. This ratio is useful in anthropology, as it provides a reliable estimate of a person's height from an incomplete skeleton.
The femur is classified as a long bone, consisting of diaphysis (shaft or body) and two epiphyses (extremities) that articulate with the hip and knee bones.
The upper or proximal extremity (close to the torso) contains the head, neck, the two trochanters and adjacent structures. The upper extremity is the thinnest femoral extremity, the lower extremity is the thickest femoral extremity.
The head of the femur, which articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone, comprises two-thirds of a sphere. It has a small groove, or fovea, connected through the round ligament to the sides of the acetabular notch. The head of the femur is connected to the shaft through the neck or collum. The neck is 4–5 cm. long and the diameter is smallest front to back and compressed at its middle. The collum forms an angle with the shaft in about 130 degrees. This angle is highly variant. In the infant, it is about 150 degrees and in old age reduced to 120 degrees on average. An abnormal increase in the angle is known as coxa valga and an abnormal reduction is called coxa vara. Both the head and neck of the femur is vastly embedded in the hip musculature and can not be directly palpated. In skinny people with the thigh laterally rotated, the head of the femur can be felt deep as a resistance profound (deep) for the femoral artery.