The Dzungar–Qing Wars (Mongolian: Зүүнгар-Чин улсын дайн, simplified Chinese: 准噶尔之役; traditional Chinese: 準噶爾之役; pinyin: Zhǔngá'ěr zhī Yì; lit. 'Dzungar Campaign') were a decades-long series of conflicts that pitted the Dzungar Khanate against the Qing dynasty and its Mongol vassals. Fighting took place over a wide swath of Inner Asia, from present-day central and eastern Mongolia to Tibet, Qinghai, and Xinjiang regions of present-day China. Qing victories ultimately led to the incorporation of Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang into the Qing Empire that was to last until the fall of the dynasty in 1911–1912, and the genocide of much of the Dzungar population in the conquered areas.

After the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368, China's Mongol rulers withdrew to Mongolia and became known as the Northern Yuan. Over time, the Mongol state disintegrated into a series of Khanates, ruled by various descendants of Genghis Khan. The Qing dynasty defeated the Inner Chahar Mongol leader Ligdan Khan and annexed Inner Mongolia. While the Eastern Mongols (Outer and Inner Mongols) were ruled by Chingisids, the Oirats were ruled by the Choros clan. The Dzungar Oirats under Erdeni Batur and Zaya Pandita held a pan-Oirat-Mongol conference in 1640 with all Oirat and Mongol tribes participating except the Inner Mongols under Qing rule. The conference ended in failure. By the 1650s, the Dzungar Khanate, an Oirat state centered in Dzungaria and western Mongolia, had risen to become the preeminent khanate in the region and was often in conflict with Khalkha Mongols, the remnants of the Northern Yuan, of eastern Mongolia. Upon assuming the throne after the death of his brother Sengge in 1670, Galdan Boshugtu Khan launched a series of successful campaigns to expand his territory as far as present-day eastern Kazakhstan, and from present-day northern Kyrgyzstan to southern Siberia. Through skillful diplomacy, Galdan maintained peaceful relations with the Qing dynasty while also establishing relations with Russia. However, when Galdan's brother Dorjijab was killed in a skirmish with troops loyal to the Khalkha khan in 1687, Galdan took the pretext to launch a full-scale invasion of eastern Mongolia. He destroyed several Khalkha tribes at the battle of Olgoi Nor (Olgoi Lake) in 1688, sending twenty thousand refugees fleeing south to Qing territory.

The Khalkha rulers, defeated, fled to Hohhot and sought Qing assistance. Meanwhile, the Qing had secured a peace treaty with the Cossacks on their northern border, who had previously been inclined to support Galdan. The Treaty of Nerchinsk prevented an alliance between Galdan and the Russians, leaving the Qing free to attack their Mongol rivals. Fearing a united Mongol state ruled by the hostile Dzungars, the Qing now turned their powerful war machine on the Oirats.

The Dzungars had conquered and subjugated the Uyghurs during the Dzungar conquest of Altishahr after being invited by the Afaqi Khoja to invade the Chingisid Chagatai ruled Yarkent Khanate. Heavy taxes were imposed upon the Uyghurs by the Dzungars, provoking resentment. This led to uprisings and Uyghur rebels from Turfan and Kumul who were rebelling against Dzungar rule joined the Qing in their war against the Dzungars. The Yarkent Khanate under Muhammad Amin Khan presented tribute to the Qing dynasty twice to request aid against the Dzungar attack.

The Dzungars used the Zamburak, camel mounted miniature cannons, in battle, notably at Ulan Butung. Gunpowder weapons like guns and cannons were deployed by the Qing and the Dzungars at the same time against each other.

The First Dzungar–Qing War was a military conflict fought from 1687 to 1697 between the Dzungar Khanate and an alliance of the Qing dynasty and the northern Khalkhas, remnants of the Northern Yuan dynasty. During the Manchu conquest of China, Southern Mongolia was incorporated into the Qing Empire. Around the same time, the Dzungar Khanate emerged in the western Mongolian lands .

In the 1680s, the Qing Empire succeeded in persuading some rulers of Khalkha Mongolia to accept allegiance to the Manchu Emperor. This state of affairs worried the Dzungar ruler Galdan Boshugtu Khan, who saw unification as the key to Mongol independence. In 1688, according to some historical reconstructions and oral traditions, he invaded Khalkha, sacked western Khalkha, and defeated Tushetu Khan -- Chakhundorji at the Battle of Tamir. Later they fought the khalkhas at the Erdene zuu, and defeated the Khalkhas, damaging the monastery in the process. In the ninth month of 1688, finding themselves with the remnants of their troops and people at the borders of the Qing Empire, Tushetu Khan and Bogd Gegeen I appealed to the Qing authorities to accept them as subjects along with all their people. Some Mongol rulers followed their example over the next year or two, frightened by the devastation wrought by Galdan; some of the Khalkhas fled to Köke Nuur (Kukunor) to the Khoshuts, ruled by the descendants of Gushi Khan, while others went to Russian Empire territory.

The Qing State Council, after discussing the situation, concluded that Tushetu Khan had attacked the Oirats first and adopted a wait-and-see approach. Seeking to stall for time, the Manchus proposed that Tushetu Khan and Galdan resume peace negotiations, confident that the two sides would not reconcile. In 1689, the Manchu Emperor sought mediation from Tibet, offering Galdan Qing allegiance.