Frum

Frum (Yiddish: פֿרום, lit. 'religious', 'pious') is a word that describes Jewish religious devotion.

The term connotes the observance of Jewish religious law in a way that often exceeds its bare requirements. This not only includes the careful study of Torah, daily prayers, observing Shabbat, kashrut, and the rules of tzniut, and performing deeds of loving-kindness, but also many more customs and khumrot (prohibitions or obligations in Jewish life that exceed the requirements of Halakha).

The term frum contrasts with frei (Yiddish: פֿרײַ, romanized: fray, lit. 'free'), which describes Jews who do not practice Orthodox observance.

Frum positive sense for 'pious', 'devout', 'God-fearing', and 'upright'. The phrase frum and ehrlich captures the positive connotations of these words, to mean roughly 'upright' or 'righteous' (see tzadik).^{[citation needed]}

The question "is s/he frum?" asks whether the person is religious.

In Yinglish, frummer is used both as a noun for 'one who is frum' and as a comparative adjective, i.e. 'more frum'. The prescribed Yiddish comparative form of the adjective is, in fact, frimer. Frumkeit describes the lifestyle of those who are frum.

Frummer can also have a negative connotation, similar to chasid shoteh ('pious idiot'), which is how the Talmud (Sotah 21B) describes a man who sees a woman drowning but refuses to save her, saying: "It is not proper to look at her, and rescue her." A frummer in that sense is a person displaying a disproportionate emphasis on technical aspects of religion of one's daily life in a manner which actually violates the halakha in a specific case. (See Pikuach nefesh.) Another term with this meaning is frummie.

A person who is frum from birth (FFB) was born into a frum household and has remained observant. This contrasts with a baal teshuva (BT), which literally means 'master of return' and refers to a Jew who has become frum after a period or lifetime of following a non-Orthodox lifestyle. Someone who leaves the frum lifestyle would be referred to as off the derech (OTD), which literally means 'off the path.'