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Ibyar
Ibyar (Arabic: إبيار, romanized: Ibyār), also transliterated as Abyar or Ebiar or Ibiar, is a town in Gharbia Governorate of Egypt, on the Rosetta branch of the Nile.
The town name from the plural of Arabic: بير, lit. 'well', and was rendered in Coptic as Abior (Coptic: ⲁⲃⲓⲟⲣ), Hahshei (Coptic: ϩⲁϩϣⲏⲓ, lit. 'many wells') and Paporti (Coptic: ⲡⲁⲡⲱⲣϯ).
The medieval writers Qalqashandi and Khalil ibn Shahin al-Zahiri cited Ibyar as the capital of the province Jazirah Bani Nasr. The 14th-century writer Ibn Fadlallah al-Omari referred to Ibyar itself as the "Island of the Banu Nasr", describing it as "an island in the middle of the western arm of the Nile" and attributing its name to the tribe of the Banu Nasr, who had dominated the Nile Delta at one point before being defeated by the Berber Liwata tribe. After this defeat, the Banu Nasr had adopted a sedentary lifestyle in the area of Ibyar.
At the time of the Rauk al-Nasiri, Ibyar belonged to the province of Monufia; al-Dimashqi, described Ibyar as part of the district of Tawwah. Ibn Battuta visited Ibyar during his travels in Egypt, and Qazwini described the town as a source of natron.
In medieval times, Ibyar was noted for its linen industry. It produced a specialty called muḥarrar, described as "imitation silk".
In 1216-17, following the death of Pope John VI of Alexandria, one of the candidates to succeed him as Coptic Pope was a monk from Ibyar, who, according to one source, had been nominated by the Ayyubid prince (and future ruler) Al-Kamil after the monk's prayers had cured him of a heart ailment. The monk was brought to Cairo before the intervention of the powerful Coptic archon Nash al-Khilafah resulted in him being sent back to his hermitage in Ibyar.
Ibyar's bishopric remained active through the late thirteenth century, indicating the presence of a large Christian population at the time. Its location on the Rosetta branch of the Nile meant that residents could easily travel by boat, which was the main mode of transport in the Nile Delta.
The 1303 Crete earthquake (on 8 August) devastated Ibyar, causing extensive to total collapse of the town's buildings. Modern estimates of the earthquake's ground motion at Ibyar indicate a ground displacement of 1.08 cm, a ground velocity of 0.56 cm/s, and a ground acceleration of 1.17 cm/s².
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Ibyar
Ibyar (Arabic: إبيار, romanized: Ibyār), also transliterated as Abyar or Ebiar or Ibiar, is a town in Gharbia Governorate of Egypt, on the Rosetta branch of the Nile.
The town name from the plural of Arabic: بير, lit. 'well', and was rendered in Coptic as Abior (Coptic: ⲁⲃⲓⲟⲣ), Hahshei (Coptic: ϩⲁϩϣⲏⲓ, lit. 'many wells') and Paporti (Coptic: ⲡⲁⲡⲱⲣϯ).
The medieval writers Qalqashandi and Khalil ibn Shahin al-Zahiri cited Ibyar as the capital of the province Jazirah Bani Nasr. The 14th-century writer Ibn Fadlallah al-Omari referred to Ibyar itself as the "Island of the Banu Nasr", describing it as "an island in the middle of the western arm of the Nile" and attributing its name to the tribe of the Banu Nasr, who had dominated the Nile Delta at one point before being defeated by the Berber Liwata tribe. After this defeat, the Banu Nasr had adopted a sedentary lifestyle in the area of Ibyar.
At the time of the Rauk al-Nasiri, Ibyar belonged to the province of Monufia; al-Dimashqi, described Ibyar as part of the district of Tawwah. Ibn Battuta visited Ibyar during his travels in Egypt, and Qazwini described the town as a source of natron.
In medieval times, Ibyar was noted for its linen industry. It produced a specialty called muḥarrar, described as "imitation silk".
In 1216-17, following the death of Pope John VI of Alexandria, one of the candidates to succeed him as Coptic Pope was a monk from Ibyar, who, according to one source, had been nominated by the Ayyubid prince (and future ruler) Al-Kamil after the monk's prayers had cured him of a heart ailment. The monk was brought to Cairo before the intervention of the powerful Coptic archon Nash al-Khilafah resulted in him being sent back to his hermitage in Ibyar.
Ibyar's bishopric remained active through the late thirteenth century, indicating the presence of a large Christian population at the time. Its location on the Rosetta branch of the Nile meant that residents could easily travel by boat, which was the main mode of transport in the Nile Delta.
The 1303 Crete earthquake (on 8 August) devastated Ibyar, causing extensive to total collapse of the town's buildings. Modern estimates of the earthquake's ground motion at Ibyar indicate a ground displacement of 1.08 cm, a ground velocity of 0.56 cm/s, and a ground acceleration of 1.17 cm/s².