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ImageWriter
ManufacturerApple Computer
IntroducedDecember 1, 1983; 42 years ago (1983-12-01)
DiscontinuedDecember 1, 1985; 40 years ago (1985-12-01)
CostUS$675 (equivalent to $2,131 in 2024)
TypeDot matrix
Slotsnone
Read-only memory32 KB
PortsSerial
Power consumption180 Watt
ColorNo
Dots per inch144
Speed1-2 page per minute
Weight19 lbs.
Dimensions(H × W × D) 4.8 × 16.2 × 11.8 in

The ImageWriter is a product line of dot matrix printers formerly manufactured by Apple Computer, Inc., and designed then to be compatible with their entire line of computers. There were three different models introduced over time, which were popular among Apple II and Mac owners.[1][2]

Original ImageWriter

[edit]

The first ImageWriter is a serial-based dot matrix printer introduced by Apple Computer in late 1983.

The printer was essentially a re-packaged 9-pin dot matrix printer from C. Itoh Electronics (model C. Itoh 8510, with a modified ROM and pinout), released the same year. It was introduced as a replacement for the earlier parallel-based Apple Dot Matrix Printer/DMP (also a C. Itoh model) and, while primarily intended for the Apple II, worked across Apple's entire computer product line. The ImageWriter could produce images as well as text, up to a resolution of 144 DPI and a speed of about 120 CPS (characters per second). In text mode, the printer was logic-seeking, meaning it would print with the head moving in both directions while it would print only in one direction for graphics and Near Letter Quality. The ImageWriter was also supported by the original Macintosh computer, the Macintosh 128K. Apple wanted a graphical printer for the Mac, and had introduced the ImageWriter primarily to support the new machine. This permitted it to produce WYSIWYG output from the screen of the computer, which was an important aspect for promoting the concept of the GUI and, later, desktop publishing. The ImageWriter could be supported by Microsoft Windows-based PC's by using the included C. Itoh 8510 compatible driver.

The ImageWriter was succeeded by the ImageWriter II in late 1985.

A wider version of the ImageWriter, sold as ImageWriter 15", was introduced in January 1984. It allowed printing to 12" wide as well as to 15" wide paper. This version of ImageWriter remained in production for more than a year after the ImageWriter II was introduced. Production was eventually discontinued in January 1987.[3]

Accessories

[edit]

In 1984 Thunderware introduced the ThunderScan, an optical scanner that was installed in place of the ImageWriter ribbon cartridge.[4] With support for the Apple II and the Mac, the ThunderScan provided low cost grayscale scanning with moderate resolution and speed.

ImageWriter II
IntroducedSeptember 1985
DiscontinuedLate 1996
CostUS $595
TypeDot matrix
Processor8 MHz
SlotsAppleTalk or memory card (optional)
Read-only memory64 KB
PortsRS-232 or RS-422 (AppleTalk) serial (Mini-DIN-8 connector)
Power consumption180 Watt
Color4
Dots per inch160 × 144
Speed2-6 pages per minute
Weight25 lbs (original), 15 lbs (II/L)
Dimensions(H × W × D) 5 × 17 × 12 in

ImageWriter II

[edit]

The ImageWriter II is a serial based dot matrix printer that was manufactured by Apple Computer, which supported its entire computer product line when it was released in September 1985. It had several optional add-ons available, including: a plug-in network card, buffer memory card, and motorized sheet feeder. It also supported color printing with an appropriate ribbon. The codename for the ImageWriter II was "Express"[5]

Compute! reported in 1989 that many believed that the ImageWriter II was inferior to its predecessor. The magazine stated that the first ImageWriter was sturdier, handled paper better, and had better print in most cases.[6]

Features

[edit]

The ImageWriter II, like its predecessor, used a 9-pin C. Itoh mechanism. However, the ImageWriter II was significantly faster in draft mode, where it could print 250 characters per second. Color images and text could be produced by using a color ribbon, and eight colors were supported by the original version of QuickDraw on the Mac despite running on a monochrome platform. On the Apple II, complex full-color graphics could be printed. Used with the appropriate software, the ImageWriter II could produce color images with potentially hundreds of simulated colors through dithering.

The ImageWriter II has three ASCII text-quality modes:

  1. NLQ (near-letter-quality) at 45 CPS, a feature for very high text quality on the Apple II platform or for improved draft printing quality on the Macintosh platform.
  2. Standard (Correspondence) mode at 180 CPS, providing average-quality text.
  3. Draft mode at 250 CPS, the fastest output but at the lowest quality level.

In addition to having the same ASCII and European-language characters found in the original ImageWriter, the ImageWriter II added 32 MouseText characters.

The ImageWriter II was designed in accordance with Apple's Snow White design language. In 1986, it received the I.D. Design Review and Silver International Design Excellence Awards,[7] making it the first desktop printer to receive such approbation.

Add-on accessories

[edit]

The printer had an expansion socket under the front cover which could accommodate either Apple's AppleTalk network card or 32K memory buffer card, but not both at the same time. Sequential Systems produced a 2-in-1 solution card that combined both features into one card, as well as larger memory buffer cards up to 1 MB. With an optional AppleTalk networking card installed, it was a low-cost alternative to the vastly more expensive LaserWriter. Another third-party innovation was an add-on peripheral called the ThunderScan, which allowed the printer to work as a low-cost optical scanner (in which the scanner mechanism temporarily replaced the ink ribbon cartridge).

The ImageWriter II also supported an optional motorized sheet feeder that could feed cut-sheet paper.

Revisions

[edit]
  • The original Imagewriter II (1985) closely followed Apple's Snow white design introduced with the Apple IIc,[8] and was one of the few peripherals that matched its creamy off-white color scheme known at Apple as Fog. This model is recognizable for being white in color and not having the product name on the front cover. There were many ROM revisions produced for this and later ImageWriter IIs, made visible through a self-test (pressing the form feed button while turning the ImageWriter on, then releasing both buttons simultaneously; the printer would then print the ROM version as well as DIP switch settings). The printer came with a small built-in 2K RAM memory buffer, with option to expand.
  • The second ImageWriter II (1986) changed to the standard warm-grey Apple "Platinum" color. This model is not only recognizable for being light grey in color, but for having the product name printed beside the rainbow Apple logo. It was introduced at roughly the same time as the Apple IIGS in late 1986, to match its then-new Platinum color scheme which was later adopted by all other computers at Apple.
  • The third revision, the ImageWriter II/L (1990) as it was known internally, offered some slight design improvements. The internal power source changed to a switching power supply, reducing the overall weight of the printer by 10 pounds. As a result of the change, power and serial interface ports were moved from the legs to either ends of the tractor-feed housing. This model also increased the built-in buffer memory to 24K RAM, eliminating the need for the memory-expansion option. The expansion socket was still present for supporting an optional AppleTalk network card.

The ImageWriter II was compatible with Microsoft Windows-based computers using the operating systems' included C-Itoh 8510 driver, while color support was available through third-party drivers. The only requirement was an available serial port and appropriate interface cable.[citation needed]

Despite the introduction of the inkjet StyleWriter in 1991, the ImageWriter II kept selling. It continued in production until late 1996.

[edit]

On the 2000 album A Spectrum of Infinite Scale, surf-rock band Man or Astro-man? included the song "A Simple Text File". The song is a recording of the sound of an ImageWriter II printing a carefully crafted file.[9]

ImageWriter LQ
IntroducedAugust 1987
DiscontinuedDecember 1990
Cost$1,399 USD
TypeDot matrix
PortsSerial
Power consumption180 Watt
Color1 (4 optional)
Dots per inch216
Speed0.3 Pages Per Minute
Weight38 lbs
Dimensions(H × W × D) 5.12 × 23.2 × 15 in

An ImageWriter can also be seen the music video for Marilyn Manson's "The Dope Show."

ImageWriter LQ

[edit]

ImageWriter LQ (Letter Quality) is a 27-pin dot matrix printer introduced in 1987 by Apple Computer, Inc. The print quality was comparable to competing 24-pin dot-matrix printers, and offered graphics at 320 × 216 DPI. Guaranteed compatibility with both Apple II and Mac computers made it popular in schools.[citation needed]

The LQ had more options than any of the other Apple dot-matrix printers, including:

  • ImageWriter II/LQ LocalTalk Option card or 32K memory buffer card
  • Cut Sheet Feeder (US$299)
  • Additional paper bins (US$169, each - maximum of 2) for the sheet feeder
  • Envelope Feed for the sheet feeder (US$49)
  • SCSI interface (not released)

Color ribbons were $149 for a box of six.[10]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

ImageWriter

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The ImageWriter is a series of dot-matrix printers developed and sold by Apple Computer, Inc., primarily for compatibility with and early Macintosh systems, featuring connectivity and support for both text and . Introduced in December 1983, the original ImageWriter was a 9-pin model re-packaged from C. Itoh Electronics' design, offering a resolution of 144 DPI and print speeds of approximately 120 characters per second, with bi-directional logic-seeking for text and uni-directional for , enabling near-letter-quality output for applications on the Macintosh. It served as a replacement for Apple's earlier Printer and was instrumental in early by supporting the Macintosh's . The ImageWriter II, released in September 1985 at a price of $595, improved upon the original with a faster C. Itoh mechanism, optional color ribbon for up to eight colors via , and near-letter-quality modes, available in narrow (8.5-inch) and wide-carriage variants; it incorporated Apple's design aesthetic, earning the 1986 Industrial Design Excellence Award as the first desktop printer to do so. This model became Apple's longest-running product, produced until late 1996 and used extensively for forms and , and even creative applications like live music performances. A final variant, the ImageWriter LQ (Letter Quality), launched on August 1, 1987, utilized a 27-pin print head for enhanced resolution up to 216 DPI and print speeds reaching 250 characters per second in draft mode, with three quality levels (Letter Quality, Near Letter Quality, and Fast Draft) and optional networking. Discontinued on December 1, 1990, it weighed 38 pounds and measured 5.12 by 23.2 by 15 inches, targeting professional users needing higher-fidelity output while maintaining compatibility with QuickDraw-enabled systems. Throughout their lifespan, ImageWriters bridged the gap between affordable impact printing and emerging laser technologies like the , proving durable for multi-decade use in educational and business settings.

History and Development

Origins and Introduction

In the early 1980s, Apple Computer recognized the limitations of third-party printers, such as those from , which primarily supported text output for the Apple II series, and sought to develop its own line of affordable dot-matrix printers capable of rendering graphics to better complement its personal computing ecosystem, including the forthcoming Macintosh. This initiative aimed to provide users with integrated hardware solutions for visual and graphical printing needs beyond basic alphanumeric characters. The original ImageWriter was introduced on December 1, 1983, marking the introduction of Apple's ImageWriter series, with a focus on compatibility for the family. It debuted in a standard 10-inch carriage variant designed for 8.5-inch-wide paper, priced at approximately $675, followed shortly by a 15-inch wide carriage model in 1984 at $749 to accommodate broader formats. These models connected via serial ports, enabling seamless integration with systems for both home and educational printing tasks. Targeted at home users, educators, and small businesses reliant on the Apple II for productivity and creative applications, the ImageWriter series positioned Apple as a comprehensive hardware provider in a competitive landscape dominated by Epson and Okidata dot-matrix options.

Design Evolution

The development of the ImageWriter series began with Apple's collaboration with C. Itoh Electronics to adapt dot-matrix printing mechanisms for personal computing peripherals, enabling the original model's capability for graphics printing at up to 144 dots per inch (DPI). This partnership addressed key engineering needs for reliable, high-resolution output compatible with Apple II and early Macintosh systems, prioritizing affordability while incorporating features like logic-seeking print heads that minimized unnecessary carriage movements to enhance efficiency. A significant aesthetic and functional shift occurred with the ImageWriter II in 1985, which adopted Apple's developed in collaboration with frogdesign. This approach introduced a platinum-gray casing, rounded edges, and streamlined paper paths designed for intuitive single-sheet and continuous-feed operation, aligning the printer's form with contemporary Macintosh and improving user . Engineering efforts also focused on , achieving operational levels under 55 dB in the original model—comparable to a quiet —through optimized mechanisms that balanced acoustic dampening with cost constraints. Iterative refinements refined these elements further; early 1985 ImageWriter II units featured a white casing, which transitioned to the more durable platinum-gray finish in 1986 revisions to better match evolving Macintosh hardware and enhance resistance to wear. These changes exemplified Apple's internal emphasis on cohesive product ecosystems, culminating in the ImageWriter II earning the 1986 I.D. Design Review award and the Silver International Design Excellence Award for its innovative .

Original ImageWriter

Technical Specifications

The original ImageWriter was introduced in December 1983 as a 9-pin dot-matrix printer, available in narrow (8.5-inch) and wide-carriage (15-inch) variants, based on a C. Itoh Electronics design. It offered a resolution of 144 (DPI) and supported both text and , with bi-directional logic-seeking for text at speeds of approximately 120 characters per second (cps) in draft mode at 10 characters per inch (cpi), and uni-directional printing for graphics. The printer used a cartridge for output, producing near-letter-quality text through double-striking techniques in certain modes. Graphics capabilities allowed reproduction of images from and Macintosh systems at up to 144 DPI. Paper handling included adjustable tractor-feed mechanisms for continuous forms from 3 to 10 inches wide in the narrow model (up to 15 inches in wide), supporting single sheets up to 0.28 mm thick and multipart forms. Power requirements were 180 watts at 1.5 amps, operating on 120 volts at 60 Hz. The narrow unit measured 4.8 by 16.2 by 11.8 inches and weighed 19 pounds. Connectivity was via an serial port, supporting baud rates up to 9,600 for direct connection to and Macintosh systems, with a small internal buffer for data handling.

Accessories and Compatibility

The original ImageWriter included a black ribbon cartridge, rated for a yield of approximately 3 million characters, along with a as standard accessories. An optional cut-sheet feeder was available, providing a capacity of up to 100 sheets for automatic single-sheet paper handling. The printer supported tractor feed upgrades through its built-in adjustable sprocket tractors, which accommodated continuous-form paper and enabled printing on multipart forms up to four pages thick, facilitating tasks such as generation. For compatibility, the ImageWriter connected directly to the Apple II series via a serial interface, with adapters available for models lacking native serial ports; it integrated with software like AppleWriter through dedicated drivers that supported font selections, including and emulations of . Key limitations included the absence of AppleTalk support, necessitating daisy-chain configurations via serial ports for multi-user setups; ribbon replacements typically cost around $20 during the 1980s. User modifications were common, with third-party ribbon hacks employing multi-strike techniques to simulate color effects by overprinting on the black ribbon.

ImageWriter II

Key Features and Improvements

The ImageWriter II was introduced in September 1985 as an upgraded dot-matrix printer compatible with the and other systems, featuring an improved C. Itoh 9-pin print mechanism that significantly enhanced performance over the original ImageWriter. This mechanism supported draft printing speeds of up to 250 characters per second (cps) and near-letter quality (NLQ) output at 45 cps, allowing for quicker document production while maintaining versatility for text and . A major advancement was the addition of color printing capability through a four-color ribbon cartridge containing black, cyan, magenta, and yellow inks, which enabled the simulation of up to eight colors via dithering and overprinting techniques. The printer achieved a resolution of 144 (DPI) in both horizontal and vertical directions, supporting detailed graphics output suitable for the era's computing applications. Operation was notably quieter than the original model, with sound-dampening materials in the casing reducing noise during printing, complemented by bidirectional logic-seeking printing that further accelerated throughput by minimizing head travel time. Usability improvements included automatic paper alignment with top-of-form setting and perforation skipping, software-selectable fonts (supporting up to eight built-in styles plus bold and italic variations for a total of up to 14 options), and full compatibility with graphics for seamless integration across Apple's ecosystem. Priced at $595 upon release, the ImageWriter II was frequently bundled with Apple systems like the IIc and Macintosh models, making it accessible for home and educational users, while its power requirements remained straightforward at 180 watts maximum draw and 1.5 amps at 120 volts/60 Hz. The design adhered to Apple's aesthetic, ensuring visual harmony with contemporary peripherals and earning the 1986 Industrial Design Excellence Award as the first desktop printer to receive it.

Revisions and Variants

The ImageWriter II underwent several hardware revisions between 1985 and 1987, primarily involving changes to casing aesthetics, weight, design, and minor internal optimizations to align with evolving Apple product lines. It was available in both narrow carriage (for 8.5-inch paper) and wide carriage (for up to 15-inch paper) variants. The initial model, designated A9M0310, featured a white casing consistent with early 1980s Apple aesthetics and was introduced alongside the computer in 1985. This version lacked the "ImageWriter II" branding on the top panel and was notably heavier than subsequent iterations due to its traditional AC transformer-based . In 1986, Apple released the revised A9M0320 model, which adopted a gray casing to better match the color scheme of contemporary Macintosh systems and the newly launched . This revision included the "ImageWriter II" name printed next to the Apple logo on the top cover and featured a lighter overall build compared to the A9M0310, though it retained the core ribbon mechanism that supported with compatible ribbons. The A9M0320 became the longest-produced variant, reflecting its popularity in educational and home computing environments. By 1987, the late-model G0010 emerged as the final iteration, bearing model numbers such as C0090LL/A or C009011/A and continuing the platinum gray casing. This version incorporated streamlined internals, including a that eliminated the bulky , resulting in the lightest design among the variants and improved placement of serial and power ports below the tractor feed mechanism. It also featured 24K of onboard for enhanced buffer capacity. All revisions shared identical core specifications, such as 9-pin dot-matrix technology and support for color ribbons, but the gray-cased models benefited from subtle manufacturing refinements for better overall durability. These variants collectively represented Apple's iterative approach to refining a reliable dot-matrix printer for its ecosystem, with production spanning over a decade and the line discontinued in 1996 as higher-resolution laser printers like the LaserWriter and emerging inkjet alternatives gained market dominance for professional and consumer use.

Accessories and Networking

The ImageWriter II supported optional peripherals that enhanced its utility in multi-user setups, particularly through networking capabilities that facilitated shared access in office or educational environments. The standout accessory was the LocalTalk option, an internal module that connected the printer to an AppleTalk network using twisted-pair wiring. This allowed up to 32 devices, including multiple Macintosh computers, to share the printer in a daisy-chain configuration at a data rate of 230.4 kbps, enabling efficient job queuing and reducing the need for dedicated print stations. Paper handling was expanded with add-ons like the optional cut-sheet feeder, which automatically loaded up to 250 sheets of standard 8.5-by-11-inch , streamlining printing of or envelopes without manual intervention. For bulk or continuous forms, a wide-carriage kit supported 15-inch-wide pin-feed , ideal for spreadsheets or multipart forms in applications. These accessories promoted seamless integration into workflows where high-volume was shared across networked systems. Ribbon choices optimized performance for different modes: color ribbon packs provided four-color (magenta, cyan, yellow, black) output with a typical lifespan of 1 million characters per color, supporting the printer's dithering for simulated color graphics in shared documents. A high-yield black ribbon extended life to about 2 million characters, particularly suited for draft mode at speeds up to 250 characters per second, conserving resources in networked environments with frequent low-priority jobs. Software integration was key to its networking prowess, with printer drivers included in that enabled background printing—allowing users to continue working while jobs spooled to the shared device—and built-in queue management for prioritizing tasks across connections. This made the ImageWriter II a reliable , minimizing in group settings. For broader compatibility, a adapter was available as a third-party expansion, permitting connection to non-Apple systems like PCs, though the native serial interface remained the primary method for Macintosh and integration, ensuring optimal in mixed environments.

Cultural References

The ImageWriter II appeared in Apple print advertisements in 1985, often alongside the Macintosh computer, highlighting its role in making high-quality printing accessible for early workflows on personal computers. These ads emphasized the printer's compatibility with the Macintosh 128K, positioning it as an affordable for users to produce professional-looking documents without expensive equipment. In educational settings during the , the ImageWriter II was commonly bundled with and IIc systems for schools, as part of Apple's educational pricing programs and unified school packages that included peripherals for classroom computing labs. It supported hands-on learning activities, such as printing maps and mission reports in simulations at in , marching band drill charts at Crestwood High School in , and newsletters by deaf students at Bruce Street School in . Tutorials in , a popular integrated for Apple II computers, frequently demonstrated the printer's output capabilities for creating charts, drawings, and formatted reports in educational contexts. The ImageWriter II played a key role in early software applications for the Macintosh, including stacks where users printed interactive prototypes and card-based designs directly to the device. It also enabled low-cost output for tools like Aldus PageMaker, allowing creators to test layouts and produce drafts before finalizing on higher-end printers, thus democratizing design processes in the late . Within retro communities, the ImageWriter II holds iconic status as a symbol of Apple hardware, with well-preserved units fetching $100–300 on auction sites as of 2025, driven by demand from collectors restoring vintage and Macintosh setups.

ImageWriter LQ

Technical Specifications

The ImageWriter LQ was introduced in August 1987 as a wide-carriage-only dot-matrix printer with a 15-inch platen, featuring a unique 27-pin print head that achieved a resolution of 216 (DPI) in both horizontal and vertical directions. This design positioned it as the high-resolution culmination of Apple's ImageWriter series, superseding the wide original model with enhanced precision for professional output. Print speeds varied by mode to balance quality and efficiency: 250 characters per second (cps) in draft mode at 10 characters per inch (cpi), 180 cps in correspondence mode at 10 cpi, and 45 cps in letter-quality (LQ) mode, which employed multi-pass dot formation for superior text clarity. The LQ mode utilized the 27-pin head to produce near-typeset results, making it suitable for business documents and reports. For graphics, the printer supported high-resolution imaging at up to 320 × 216 DPI, enabling detailed reproductions of Macintosh or Apple II graphics. Color printing was available through an optional four-color ribbon cartridge, allowing color printing with dithering to simulate additional shades for enhanced visual output in charts, diagrams, and illustrations. Paper handling focused on continuous forms, accommodating fanfold paper from 3.5 to 15.5 inches wide (including pin-feed margins) and up to five-part multipart forms, with support for envelopes, labels, and single sheets via tractor-feed mechanisms. Power requirements included 180 watts at 1.5 amps, operating on 120 volts at 60 Hz. The unit measured approximately 23 × 15 × 5 inches and weighed 38 pounds, ensuring stability for heavy-duty use. Connectivity was provided via an / with compatibility through an optional module, supporting baud rates from 300 to 19,200 for efficient data transfer from Macintosh or systems. A 5-kilobyte buffer minimized interruptions during .

Market Role and Discontinuation

The ImageWriter LQ was introduced in August 1987 at a price of $1,399, positioning it as a budget-friendly option for and forms printing compared to Apple's premium , which launched in 1985 for $6,995. This dot-matrix printer targeted office environments requiring reliable output for multipart forms, labels, and pre-printed documents, where its 27-pin mechanism and versatile paper handling provided practical advantages over more expensive laser alternatives. As Apple's final dot-matrix printer in its lineup, the ImageWriter LQ played a niche role in bridging the transition from Apple II systems to Macintosh computers, thanks to its broad compatibility across Apple's ecosystem. It gained traction in professional settings for tasks like invoice printing and label production, where dot-matrix durability for continuous forms remained valued amid evolving printing needs. The printer reached its sales peak by 1989 before facing increased competition from inkjet models, including Apple's own StyleWriter introduced in March , which delivered near-laser quality at lower operating costs. Broader market shifts toward inkjets and lasers, coupled with declining demand for dot-matrix technology, led to its discontinuation on December 1, 1990, as Apple pivoted to the family and new DeskWriter inkjet lines.

Legacy and Impact

Technological Influence

The ImageWriter series represented a pivotal advancement in affordable graphics printing for personal computers, particularly through its seamless integration with Apple's graphics library. This compatibility allowed users to output high-quality vector and graphics directly from applications on the and early Macintosh systems, laying the groundwork for rudimentary workflows. Unlike previous text-only printers, the ImageWriter enabled the rendering of complex visual elements—such as charts, illustrations, and simple layouts—via QuickDraw's device-independent drawing routines, which were spooled as bitmaps or pixel maps to the . Priced at $595 upon its 1985 launch, the ImageWriter II made such capabilities accessible to individual users and small organizations, democratizing graphic output beyond professional equipment. The series also influenced peripheral connectivity standards within Apple's ecosystem by leveraging serial ports and networking, which facilitated plug-and-play integration for printers and other devices. These protocols emphasized simple, low-cost cabling for multiple peripherals, a design echoed in the later development of USB, which similarly supports up to 127 devices over a standardized four-wire connection at initial speeds of 1.5 Mbit/s. The ImageWriter's adoption of serial interfaces for direct attachment and AppleTalk for shared printing over LocalTalk networks popularized reliable, non-parallel communication for consumer hardware, reducing complexity compared to earlier connections and setting expectations for universal peripheral standards. In education, the ImageWriter standardized printer integration in K-12 curricula through bundling with systems, enabling widespread production of printed student work from like and The Print Shop. Apple's 1987 educational pricing lists offered discounted ImageWriter II packages alongside and IIc computers, supporting initiatives such as the "Kids Can't Wait" program that donated over 9,000 systems to schools in 1983, many equipped for printing activities. This accessibility transformed classroom computing, allowing students to visualize and document projects in graphics and text, with the powering an estimated 70% of new sales for U.S. school computers by the mid-1980s and facilitating countless printed outputs that reinforced learning through tangible results. As a transitional technology, the ImageWriter bridged the era of basic dot-matrix printing to higher-resolution laser and inkjet systems, with the 1987 ImageWriter LQ model achieving 216 DPI graphics—comparable to early 24-pin competitors and a significant leap from the original's 144 DPI. This resolution supported near-letter-quality text and detailed images on continuous-feed paper, anticipating the 300+ DPI standards of inkjets like the 1988 HP DeskJet, while maintaining affordability and compatibility with Apple's software ecosystem. The LQ's 27-pin print head and flexible paper handling further eased the shift toward versatile, office-grade output. Innovations in the ImageWriter II's color capabilities, including dithering algorithms within to simulate up to eight colors from a four-color ribbon, advanced techniques for limited-hardware rendering and influenced subsequent graphic software. By using to blend primaries like , , , and into intermediate shades, it provided a foundation for color approximation in early applications, contributing to methods employed in tools like Illustrator's initial Macintosh versions for handling low-color printing environments. These approaches emphasized efficient patterning for perceptual depth, a core principle in evolving digital graphics pipelines.

Modern Collectibility

In the collector market as of November 2025, original ImageWriter models remain scarce due to their age and lower production volume compared to later variants, with functional units typically valued between $25 and $100 on platforms like and vintage hardware resellers. The ImageWriter II variants are more common, reflecting higher original shipments, and command prices of $30 to $150 for working examples, often higher for boxed or color-capable units. The ImageWriter LQ, prized for its larger format and higher resolution, fetches values at $50 to $200, driven by its relative rarity and appeal to serious and Macintosh enthusiasts. Restoring these printers presents challenges, particularly with ribbon availability, though third-party replacements like Nu-Kote cartridges provide viable options compatible with the original mechanisms. Common issues include dried ink on ribbons, which can be revived using spray, and disintegrated rubber rollers in color cartridges, often fixed by replacing them with O-rings. Print head clogs, caused by ink buildup, are typically resolved through careful cleaning with to restore even impact on the paper. While not directly Epson-compatible, some aftermarket ribbons draw from similar dot-matrix designs, easing sourcing for hobbyists. Enthusiast communities remain active around ImageWriter preservation, with forums like 68kMLA and AppleFritter hosting discussions on repairs, parts sourcing, and compatibility tweaks for modern setups. Software emulations, such as those in AppleWin, enable virtual printing to simulate the printer's output without hardware, supporting testing and archival efforts. These groups facilitate knowledge sharing, from configurations to networking vintage systems. Contemporary uses for ImageWriter printers center on retro computing and creative applications, where they provide authentic dot-matrix output for gaming sessions, capturing the era's tactile printing experience. In art projects, they are employed to replicate aesthetics through low-resolution, ribbon-based prints that evoke period-specific and . Preservation efforts ensure ImageWriters endure as artifacts of early personal computing, with units housed in institutions like , Museums Victoria, and the . Globally, they feature in numerous private collections, underscoring ongoing interest in Apple's hardware legacy.

References

  1. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/imagewri.htm
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  3. https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/4722/apple-imagewriter-ii/
  4. https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-collections/artifact/361874
  5. https://www.apl2bits.net/2010/12/02/a-simple-text-file/
  6. https://support.apple.com/en-us/112248
  7. https://folklore.org/Thunderscan.html
  8. https://www.computerhope.com/history/1983.htm
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  10. https://www.apple2history.org/history/ah13/
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  14. https://collection.powerhouse.com.au/object/443539
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  24. https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/mac/pdf/Imaging_With_QuickDraw/Color_QuickDraw.pdf
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  28. https://vintageapple.org/macbooks/pdf/Hands-On_AppleTalk_1989.pdf
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  31. https://68kmla.org/bb/index.php?threads/connecting-a-imagewriter-ii-to-a-modern-computer.3933/
  32. https://www.cs.ubc.ca/apple-imagewriter-i
  33. http://mirrors.apple2.org.za/ftp.apple.asimov.net/documentation/magazines/aplus/A%20Plus-the%20Apple%20II%20Idea%20Book.pdf
  34. https://apple2online.com/wp-content/uploads/ImageWriter-II-Owners-Manual.pdf
  35. https://discussions.apple.com/thread/2317117
  36. https://dtvgroup.com/DTP/index.3.en.html
  37. https://www.ebay.com/b/Apple-Dot-Matrix-Computer-Printers/1245/bn_10920214
  38. https://wiki.preterhuman.net/Apple_ImageWriter_LQ
  39. https://applerescueofdenver.com/apple-imagewriter-lq-printer/
  40. http://www.macmothership.com/timeline.html
  41. https://www.forbes.com/sites/timbajarin/2025/03/06/celebrating-the-40th-anniversary-of-apples-laser-printer/
  42. http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/fichiers/AppleImageWriterLQ.pdf
  43. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/08/11/Apple-unveils-new-products/4204555652800/
  44. https://tidbits.com/1991/03/11/apples-new-printers/
  45. https://apple.fandom.com/wiki/ImageWriter
  46. https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/mac/pdf/ImagingWithQuickDraw.pdf
  47. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/peripheral-device
  48. https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/mac/pdf/Networking/Introduction_to_AppleTalk.pdf
  49. http://hackeducation.com/2015/02/25/kids-cant-wait-apple
  50. https://www.ebay.com/b/Apple-Vintage-Computer-Printer/175690/bn_206648
  51. https://www.ebay.com/shop/apple-imagewriter-ii?_nkw=apple%2Bimagewriter%2Bii
  52. https://forum.vcfed.org/index.php?threads/apple-imagewriter-lq-needs-a-good-home-best-offer.64894/
  53. https://www.amazon.com/Nu-Kote-Ribbon-Apple-Imagewriter/dp/B001NTHL8Q
  54. https://forum.vcfed.org/index.php?threads/imagewriter-ii-riboon-woes.73497/
  55. https://www.facebook.com/groups/5251478676/posts/10160611832913677/
  56. https://www.reddit.com/r/VintageApple/comments/n4mxbk/do_the_imagewriter_i_and_imagewriter_ii_use_the/
  57. https://68kmla.org/bb/index.php?threads/apple-imagewriter-ii-restoration.1362/
  58. https://www.applefritter.com/content/imagewriter-ii-issues
  59. https://github.com/applewin/applewin/releases
  60. https://bytecellar.com/2007/09/06/fun_with_my_new/
  61. https://www.facebook.com/groups/5251478676/posts/10163003926738677/
  62. https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/items/1249361
  63. https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102653222/
  64. https://www.homecomputermuseum.nl/en/collectie/apple/apple-imagewriter-ii/
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