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Hemp
Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a plant in the botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants on Earth. It was also one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 50,000 years ago. It can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including paper, rope, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.
Although chemotype I cannabis and hemp (types II, III, IV, V) are both Cannabis sativa and contain the psychoactive component tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), they represent distinct cultivar groups, typically with unique phytochemical compositions and uses. Hemp typically has lower concentrations of total THC and may have higher concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD), which potentially mitigates the psychoactive effects of THC. The legality of hemp varies widely among countries. Some governments regulate the concentration of THC and permit only hemp that is bred with an especially low THC content into commercial production.
The etymology is uncertain but there appears to be no common Proto-Indo-European source for the various forms of the word; the Greek term κάνναβις (kánnabis) is the oldest attested form, which may have been borrowed from an earlier Scythian or Thracian word. Then it appears to have been borrowed into Latin, and separately into Slavic and from there into Baltic, Finnish, and Germanic languages.
In the Germanic languages, following Grimm's law, the "k" would have changed to "h" with the first Germanic sound shift, giving Proto-Germanic *hanapiz, after which it may have been adapted into the Old English form, hænep, henep. Barber (1991) however, argued that the spread of the name "kannabis" was due to its historically more recent plant use, starting from the south, around Iran, whereas non-THC varieties of hemp are older and prehistoric. Another possible source of origin is Assyrian qunnabu, which was the name for a source of oil, fiber, and medicine in the 1st millennium BC.
Cognates of hemp in other Germanic languages include Dutch hennep, Danish and Norwegian hamp, Saterland Frisian Hoamp, German Hanf, Icelandic hampur and Swedish hampa. In those languages, "hemp" can refer to either industrial fiber hemp or narcotic cannabis strains.
Hemp is used to make a wide range of commercial and industrial products. Hemp seeds are consumed directly as food and are also pressed into oil used for cooking, nutritional supplements, cosmetics, and as a drying oil in paints and varnishes. Hempseed meal, a by-product of oil extraction, is increasingly evaluated for use in animal feed, including poultry, swine, cattle, fish, and companion animals, due to its favorable protein and fatty acid profile.
The bast fibers are applied in textiles and blended fabrics, furnishings, and specialty papers. They are also processed into composites for construction materials such as hempcrete, fiber-reinforced insulation panels, and biocomposites for furniture and automotive parts. Hemp fiber is additionally used in specialty products such as musical instruments, including guitars and amplifiers, and in pulp for paper and biodegradable packaging.
The inner woody core (hurds or shives) is employed in animal bedding, garden mulch, litter, and as a component in lightweight building blocks and particle boards. Hemp oil and extracts are also used for non-intoxicating cannabinoid products, such as cannabidiol (CBD), in dietary supplements, cosmetics, and wellness formulations.
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Hemp
Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a plant in the botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants on Earth. It was also one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 50,000 years ago. It can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including paper, rope, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.
Although chemotype I cannabis and hemp (types II, III, IV, V) are both Cannabis sativa and contain the psychoactive component tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), they represent distinct cultivar groups, typically with unique phytochemical compositions and uses. Hemp typically has lower concentrations of total THC and may have higher concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD), which potentially mitigates the psychoactive effects of THC. The legality of hemp varies widely among countries. Some governments regulate the concentration of THC and permit only hemp that is bred with an especially low THC content into commercial production.
The etymology is uncertain but there appears to be no common Proto-Indo-European source for the various forms of the word; the Greek term κάνναβις (kánnabis) is the oldest attested form, which may have been borrowed from an earlier Scythian or Thracian word. Then it appears to have been borrowed into Latin, and separately into Slavic and from there into Baltic, Finnish, and Germanic languages.
In the Germanic languages, following Grimm's law, the "k" would have changed to "h" with the first Germanic sound shift, giving Proto-Germanic *hanapiz, after which it may have been adapted into the Old English form, hænep, henep. Barber (1991) however, argued that the spread of the name "kannabis" was due to its historically more recent plant use, starting from the south, around Iran, whereas non-THC varieties of hemp are older and prehistoric. Another possible source of origin is Assyrian qunnabu, which was the name for a source of oil, fiber, and medicine in the 1st millennium BC.
Cognates of hemp in other Germanic languages include Dutch hennep, Danish and Norwegian hamp, Saterland Frisian Hoamp, German Hanf, Icelandic hampur and Swedish hampa. In those languages, "hemp" can refer to either industrial fiber hemp or narcotic cannabis strains.
Hemp is used to make a wide range of commercial and industrial products. Hemp seeds are consumed directly as food and are also pressed into oil used for cooking, nutritional supplements, cosmetics, and as a drying oil in paints and varnishes. Hempseed meal, a by-product of oil extraction, is increasingly evaluated for use in animal feed, including poultry, swine, cattle, fish, and companion animals, due to its favorable protein and fatty acid profile.
The bast fibers are applied in textiles and blended fabrics, furnishings, and specialty papers. They are also processed into composites for construction materials such as hempcrete, fiber-reinforced insulation panels, and biocomposites for furniture and automotive parts. Hemp fiber is additionally used in specialty products such as musical instruments, including guitars and amplifiers, and in pulp for paper and biodegradable packaging.
The inner woody core (hurds or shives) is employed in animal bedding, garden mulch, litter, and as a component in lightweight building blocks and particle boards. Hemp oil and extracts are also used for non-intoxicating cannabinoid products, such as cannabidiol (CBD), in dietary supplements, cosmetics, and wellness formulations.
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