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Ioan Culcer
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Ioan Culcer
Ioan Culcer (29 July 1853 – September 1928) was a Wallachian-born Romanian military leader and politician. Culcer served as a lieutenant during the Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878) and as a general during the Second Balkan War and World War I. In early 1918, he served as Minister for Public Works in the First Averescu cabinet.
Culcer was born in Târgu Jiu, Wallachia, on 29 July 1853, his family originating from Transylvania. He entered the Military School and graduated with the rank of second lieutenant. He participated in the Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878), in which he was wounded and promoted to lieutenant.
During the Siege of Plevna, 90% of the officers and 50% of the troops from the battalions of the first Romanian assault wave were killed. From the battalion commanded by Captain Valter Mărăcineanu, Culcer was the only officer who survived. At that time, he was a First Lieutenant.
After the war he attended the École Polytechnique in Paris, and subsequently the École d'application militaire in Fontainebleau. He specialized as chief engineer and became teacher at the Military School in Romania.
In 1882, under the direction of Belgian military architect Henri Alexis Brialmont, he supervised the building of a Romanian system of defensive fortifications on the line Galați–Nămoloasa–Iași, and around the capital Bucharest.
During this time, Culcer advanced in rank to captain (1880), major (1887), lieutenant colonel (1891), colonel (1895), and brigadier general (1904). He was secretary general of the Ministry of Defence (1904–1907) and then became Inspector General of the Romanian Army. In this function, he helped mobilize the Romanian Army for the Second Balkan War. In 1911 he was promoted to divisional general.
Romania declared war on Bulgaria on 10 July 1913. That same day, 80,000 soldiers of Culcer's Romanian 5th Corps crossed the border into Southern Dobruja and occupied the line from Tutrakan to Balchik. The cavalry attached to this corps briefly occupied the Black Sea port of Varna, but retreated back into Dobruja when the lack of Bulgarian resistance became apparent. The Treaty of Bucharest, signed on 10 August, assigned to Romania the Tutrakan – Balchik line.
For his efforts, King Carol I appointed Culcer Governor of Southern Dobruja, the province annexed by Romania after the 1913 Treaty of Bucharest.
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Ioan Culcer
Ioan Culcer (29 July 1853 – September 1928) was a Wallachian-born Romanian military leader and politician. Culcer served as a lieutenant during the Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878) and as a general during the Second Balkan War and World War I. In early 1918, he served as Minister for Public Works in the First Averescu cabinet.
Culcer was born in Târgu Jiu, Wallachia, on 29 July 1853, his family originating from Transylvania. He entered the Military School and graduated with the rank of second lieutenant. He participated in the Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878), in which he was wounded and promoted to lieutenant.
During the Siege of Plevna, 90% of the officers and 50% of the troops from the battalions of the first Romanian assault wave were killed. From the battalion commanded by Captain Valter Mărăcineanu, Culcer was the only officer who survived. At that time, he was a First Lieutenant.
After the war he attended the École Polytechnique in Paris, and subsequently the École d'application militaire in Fontainebleau. He specialized as chief engineer and became teacher at the Military School in Romania.
In 1882, under the direction of Belgian military architect Henri Alexis Brialmont, he supervised the building of a Romanian system of defensive fortifications on the line Galați–Nămoloasa–Iași, and around the capital Bucharest.
During this time, Culcer advanced in rank to captain (1880), major (1887), lieutenant colonel (1891), colonel (1895), and brigadier general (1904). He was secretary general of the Ministry of Defence (1904–1907) and then became Inspector General of the Romanian Army. In this function, he helped mobilize the Romanian Army for the Second Balkan War. In 1911 he was promoted to divisional general.
Romania declared war on Bulgaria on 10 July 1913. That same day, 80,000 soldiers of Culcer's Romanian 5th Corps crossed the border into Southern Dobruja and occupied the line from Tutrakan to Balchik. The cavalry attached to this corps briefly occupied the Black Sea port of Varna, but retreated back into Dobruja when the lack of Bulgarian resistance became apparent. The Treaty of Bucharest, signed on 10 August, assigned to Romania the Tutrakan – Balchik line.
For his efforts, King Carol I appointed Culcer Governor of Southern Dobruja, the province annexed by Romania after the 1913 Treaty of Bucharest.
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