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Janusz Korczak
Janusz Korczak, the pen name of Henryk Goldszmit (22 July 1878 or 1879 – 7 August 1942), was a Polish Jewish pediatrician, educator, children's author and pedagogue known as Pan Doktor ("Mr. Doctor") or Stary Doktor ("Old Doctor"). He was an early children's rights advocate, in 1919 drafting a children's constitution.
After spending many years working as a principal of an orphanage in Warsaw, he moved in with his orphans when the orphanage was forced to move to the ghetto, despite pleas from friends to flee the country. He was murdered when the entire population of the institution was sent to the Treblinka extermination camp during the Grossaktion Warschau of 1942.
Korczak was born in Warsaw. He was unsure of his birth date, which is attributed to his father's failure to promptly acquire a birth certificate for him; his birth date is 22 July of either 1878 or 1879. His parents were Józef Goldszmit, a respected lawyer from a family of proponents of the haskalah, and Cecylia Gębicka, daughter of a prominent Kalisz family. His father fell ill around 1890 and was admitted to a mental hospital, where he died six years later on 25 April 1896. Spacious apartments were given up on Miodowa street, then Świętojerska street, Leszno street and others. As his family's financial situation worsened, Henryk, while still attending the gymnasium (the current 8th Lycée in Warsaw), began to work as a tutor for other pupils. In 1896 he debuted on the literary scene with a satirical text on raising children, Węzeł gordyjski (The Gordian Knot).
In 1898, he used Janusz Korczak as a pen name in the Ignacy Jan Paderewski Literary Contest. The name originated from the book Historia o Janaszu Korczaku i o pięknej miecznikównie by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski. In the 1890s he studied in the Flying University. During the years 1898–1904 or March 1905 Korczak studied medicine at the University of Warsaw. He also wrote for several Polish language newspapers. After graduation, he served as a military doctor during the Russo-Japanese War. Subsequently, he became a pediatrician working at Bersohns and Baumans Children's Hospital in Warsaw, where he worked from 1905 to 1912. Meanwhile, his novels Children of the Street (Dzieci ulicy, 1901) Child of the Drawing Room (Dziecko salonu, 1906 ) gained him recognition as a writer.
In 1907, Korczak went to study in Berlin, and in 1909, to Paris.
In 1907 or 1909 (sources vary) he joined the Towarzystwo „Pomoc dla sierot” (Help for Orphans Society or Help for Orphans Association). There in 1909 he met Stefania Wilczyńska, his future close associate and long-time associate.
In 1911, he became a director of Dom Sierot (Orphan House) in Warsaw, an orphanage of his own design for Jewish children, which opened the following year.
During World War I, in 1914 Korczak was once again conscripted as a military doctor, serving near Kiev as surgeon in the Russian Army (with 4th Infantry Division) with the rank of lieutenant until 1917. At that time he also worked in orphanages near Kiev.
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Janusz Korczak
Janusz Korczak, the pen name of Henryk Goldszmit (22 July 1878 or 1879 – 7 August 1942), was a Polish Jewish pediatrician, educator, children's author and pedagogue known as Pan Doktor ("Mr. Doctor") or Stary Doktor ("Old Doctor"). He was an early children's rights advocate, in 1919 drafting a children's constitution.
After spending many years working as a principal of an orphanage in Warsaw, he moved in with his orphans when the orphanage was forced to move to the ghetto, despite pleas from friends to flee the country. He was murdered when the entire population of the institution was sent to the Treblinka extermination camp during the Grossaktion Warschau of 1942.
Korczak was born in Warsaw. He was unsure of his birth date, which is attributed to his father's failure to promptly acquire a birth certificate for him; his birth date is 22 July of either 1878 or 1879. His parents were Józef Goldszmit, a respected lawyer from a family of proponents of the haskalah, and Cecylia Gębicka, daughter of a prominent Kalisz family. His father fell ill around 1890 and was admitted to a mental hospital, where he died six years later on 25 April 1896. Spacious apartments were given up on Miodowa street, then Świętojerska street, Leszno street and others. As his family's financial situation worsened, Henryk, while still attending the gymnasium (the current 8th Lycée in Warsaw), began to work as a tutor for other pupils. In 1896 he debuted on the literary scene with a satirical text on raising children, Węzeł gordyjski (The Gordian Knot).
In 1898, he used Janusz Korczak as a pen name in the Ignacy Jan Paderewski Literary Contest. The name originated from the book Historia o Janaszu Korczaku i o pięknej miecznikównie by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski. In the 1890s he studied in the Flying University. During the years 1898–1904 or March 1905 Korczak studied medicine at the University of Warsaw. He also wrote for several Polish language newspapers. After graduation, he served as a military doctor during the Russo-Japanese War. Subsequently, he became a pediatrician working at Bersohns and Baumans Children's Hospital in Warsaw, where he worked from 1905 to 1912. Meanwhile, his novels Children of the Street (Dzieci ulicy, 1901) Child of the Drawing Room (Dziecko salonu, 1906 ) gained him recognition as a writer.
In 1907, Korczak went to study in Berlin, and in 1909, to Paris.
In 1907 or 1909 (sources vary) he joined the Towarzystwo „Pomoc dla sierot” (Help for Orphans Society or Help for Orphans Association). There in 1909 he met Stefania Wilczyńska, his future close associate and long-time associate.
In 1911, he became a director of Dom Sierot (Orphan House) in Warsaw, an orphanage of his own design for Jewish children, which opened the following year.
During World War I, in 1914 Korczak was once again conscripted as a military doctor, serving near Kiev as surgeon in the Russian Army (with 4th Infantry Division) with the rank of lieutenant until 1917. At that time he also worked in orphanages near Kiev.
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