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Jess Stacy
Jess Stacy
Jess Stacy
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Key Information

Jess Alexandria Stacy (born Jesse Alexander Stacy;[1] August 11, 1904[2] – January 1, 1995)[3] was an American jazz pianist who gained prominence during the swing era. He may be best remembered for his years with the Benny Goodman band during the late 1930s, particularly his performance at Goodman's 1938 concert at Carnegie Hall.

Early life

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Jess Stacy was born in Bird's Point, Missouri,[2] a small town across the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois, to Frederick Lee Stacy, a railroad engineer, and Sara (Alexander) Stacy, a seamstress.[1] His first piano teacher was Mabel Irene Bailey, who played piano for silent movies. In 1918, Stacy moved to Cape Girardeau, Missouri. He received his only formal music training with Clyde Brandt, a professor of piano and violin at Southeast Missouri State Teachers College (now Southeast Missouri State University)[4] while sweeping at Clark's Music Store.[5]

By 1920, Stacy was playing piano in Peg Meyer's jazz ensemble at Cape Girardeau High School, the Bluebird Confectionary, and the Sweet Shop. Schoolmates called them the Agony Four.[6] By 1921, the band was known as Peg Meyer's Melody Kings and started touring the Mississippi River on the Majestic and other riverboats.[7]

Career

[edit]
Stacy on the last night of the existence of the Benny Goodman Orchestra (New York, 1947)

In the early 1920s, Stacy moved to Chicago, where he performed with Paul Mares,[2] leader of the New Orleans Rhythm Kings, playing a genre of jazz which came to be called "Chicago-style". Stacy cites his main influences as Louis Armstrong and especially pianist Earl Hines, who played piano for Armstrong and the Carroll Dickerson band.[4]

In 1935, Benny Goodman asked him to join his band.[2] Stacy left Floyd Towne, moved to New York City, and spent 1935–39 with the Benny Goodman Orchestra, including the Carnegie Hall concert in 1938.[2][4] The Carnegie Hall performance was elevated in part by Stacy's unplanned piano solo during "Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)", around which a great modern legacy has grown.[2] Following a Goodman/Krupa duet, Stacy received a nod from Goodman to take a solo. "At the Carnegie Hall concert, after the usual theatrics, Jess Stacy was allowed to solo and, given the venue, what followed was appropriate ... Used to just playing rhythm on the tune, he was unprepared for a turn in the spotlight, but what came out of his fingers was a graceful, impressionistic marvel with classical flourishes, yet still managed to swing. It was the best thing he ever did, and it's ironic that such a layered, nuanced performance came at the end of such a chaotic, bombastic tune", wrote David Rickert.[8] After leaving the Goodman Orchestra, Stacy joined the Bob Crosby Orchestra and the Bob Crosby Bob-Cats.[2] He won the DownBeat magazine piano poll in 1940.[5]

In 1950, Stacy moved to Los Angeles.[9] His career declined to club work.[2] While playing at the piano bar in Leon's Steak House, he walked out after a drunken woman spilled beer in his lap. He announced he was quitting the music business and retired from public performances.[5] He worked as a salesman, warehouseman, postman, and for Max Factor cosmetics before being rediscovered. He played for Nelson Riddle on the soundtrack of The Great Gatsby (1974). The same year as the film's release, he was invited to play at the Newport Jazz Festival,[2] and was asked to record twice for Chiaroscuro Records, in 1974 and 1977 (Stacy Still Swings).

His final performance was broadcast on Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz on December 1, 1981.[10] After his brief and revival in the 1970s, he again retired from music and lived with his third wife, Patricia Peck Stacy.[5] In addition to the Goodman and Crosby orchestras, Stacy played with Bix Beiderbecke, Eddie Condon, Bud Freeman, George Gershwin, Lionel Hampton, Billie Holiday, Gene Krupa, Jack Teagarden, and Horace Heidt.

Personal life

[edit]

Stacy had a tumultuous love life as a young man. His first wife was Helen Robinson; both were young when they married in 1924. Stacy worked at night in clubs and slept during the day while Robinson worked. She needed more security than Stacy was willing to provide, and Stacy was unwilling to work at a radio station for steady employment. This did not change when the couple had a son, Frederick Jess. They divorced and Robinson married a friend of Stacy, saxophonist Phil Wing.[11]

His second wife was jazz singer Lee Wiley. The couple was described by their friend Deane Kincaide as "compatible as two cats, tails tied together, hanging over a clothesline."[12] They divorced in 1948, after several years of marriage.[12] His third wife was Patricia Peck. They dated for a decade before getting married on September 8, 1950. They lived in Los Angeles and were married for forty-five years. Stacy died of congestive heart failure in Los Angeles on January 1, 1995, aged 90.[3]

Awards and honors

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Stacy was inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame in 1996.[12]

Discography

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As leader

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  • Piano Moods (Columbia, 1950)
  • Jess Stacy (Brunswick, 1956)
  • Tribute to Benny Goodman (Atlantic, 1956)
  • Stacy Still Swings (Chiaroscuro, 1974)
  • Stacy's Still Swinging (Chiaroscuro, 1977)
  • Blue Notion (Jazzology, 1983)
  • Stacy and Sutton (Affinity, 1986)[13][14]

As sideman

[edit]

References

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Further reading

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Jess Stacy

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Jess Stacy is an American jazz pianist known for his significant contributions to the swing era, particularly his tenure with the Benny Goodman Orchestra from 1935 to 1939 and his celebrated extended solo on "Sing, Sing, Sing" during the orchestra's landmark 1938 Carnegie Hall concert. Born Jesse Alexander Stacy on August 11, 1904, in Bird's Point, Missouri, he began playing piano professionally as a teenager around 1918, performing on riverboats and with early jazz groups in the Midwest before gaining prominence in Chicago and New York. He became a key member of Benny Goodman's ensemble, where his distinctive stride-influenced style and improvisational flair helped define the band's sound on numerous recordings and live performances. His dramatic piano solo at Carnegie Hall, which extended the piece and showcased his technical skill and creativity, is widely regarded as one of the most memorable moments in jazz history. After leaving Goodman, Stacy played with Bob Crosby's orchestra, led his own groups, and recorded as a leader. In later years, he performed in California nightclubs and piano bars, continuing to play occasionally until the 1980s. He passed away on January 1, 1995, in Los Angeles, California, remembered as one of the era's finest swing pianists whose work bridged early jazz traditions with the big band sound.

Early Life

Family and Childhood

Jess Stacy was born Jesse Alexander Stacy on August 11, 1904, in Bird's Point, Missouri, a small town located across the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois. He was the son of Frederick Lee Stacy, a railroad engineer, and Sara (known as Vada) Alexander Stacy, a seamstress. The family lived in poverty, residing in a railroad boxcar in the train layover town of Bird's Point. In 1918, the family relocated to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, where Stacy attended school in Maiden and Cape Girardeau. Due to the family's financial hardships, he worked odd jobs during his school years, including as a sweeper at Clark's Music Store in Cape Girardeau. Stacy did not receive any formal higher education.

Musical Beginnings

Jess Stacy's interest in music developed after his family moved to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, in 1918, granting him access to a local music store and instructors. His first piano teacher was Mabel Irene Bailey, who served as an accompanist for silent movies. He received his only formal musical training from Clyde Brandt, a professor of piano and violin at Southeast Missouri State Teachers College. By 1920, Stacy joined Peg Meyer's high-school jazz ensemble in Cape Girardeau, known among schoolmates as the Agony Four, where he played piano at local venues including the Bluebird Confectionary and the Sweet Shop. The group later evolved into Peg Meyer's Melody Kings by 1921 and began performing on Mississippi River steamboats such as the Majestic. These early amateur experiences marked Stacy's initial immersion in ensemble playing and public performance before his professional career.

Early Career

Riverboat and Chicago Years

Stacy began his professional career as a teenager around 1918 playing piano on Mississippi and Missouri riverboats, often performing on the steam calliope in addition to piano. He worked with local bands on the riverboats. By the mid-1920s, Stacy had relocated to Chicago, where he established himself in the city's vibrant jazz and dance band scene through the mid-1930s. In the late 1920s, he joined Ben Pollack's band. He played with Joe Kayser, including stints from 1924–1926 and 1928–1930, as well as with Floyd Town (1926–1928 and 1933) and Louis Panico (1929). His engagements extended to nightclubs and speakeasies, some connected to gangster operations, including work with Paul Mares of the New Orleans Rhythm Kings at Harry's Bar and Maurie Stein at the Paramount Club. In 1934, he performed with Paul Mares, and he occasionally provided relief piano for Earl Hines. During this period, Stacy was strongly influenced by Earl Hines' innovative piano style, particularly his tremolos, and by Louis Armstrong's playing. He participated in the Chicago jazz environment associated with figures like Eddie Condon and recorded material involving Bix Beiderbecke compositions. His first recorded solo came in 1928 with the Danny Altier band, reflecting his growing presence in the scene. He also led his own quartet, Stacy’s Aces, at dance marathons from 1930–1931, featuring clarinetist Frank Teschemacher.

Benny Goodman Orchestra

Joining the Orchestra

Jess Stacy joined the Benny Goodman Orchestra in 1935 after talent scout and producer John Hammond recommended him to Goodman upon hearing Stacy perform at the Subway Café in Chicago. Goodman contacted Stacy directly to offer the position of pianist, and after sending a confirmation wire in response to Stacy's initial skepticism, Stacy relocated from Chicago to New York City to join the band. He served as the orchestra's pianist from 1935 to 1939, contributing his light, lyrical touch, harmonic knowledge, and rhythmic grace to the rhythm section during a formative period of the swing era that saw the band's breakthrough success. As the oldest member of the group at over 30 years of age amid younger musicians, Stacy provided steady support through challenging early engagements and one-nighters, even encouraging Goodman to persist toward the band's pivotal California performances. Stacy left the orchestra in 1939. His tenure included participation in the orchestra's landmark 1938 Carnegie Hall concert.

Carnegie Hall Concert

Jess Stacy performed as the pianist with the Benny Goodman Orchestra at the historic Carnegie Hall concert on January 16, 1938. During the extended rendition of "Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)," which stretched over twelve minutes, Goodman unexpectedly signaled for Stacy to take an extended solo following the drum feature with Gene Krupa. The solo, lasting approximately two minutes and accompanied primarily by Krupa's driving drums, was unplanned, as Stacy typically provided rhythm support on the tune rather than taking the spotlight. Stacy's improvisation emerged as a graceful, impressionistic marvel with classical flourishes, yet it retained a swinging momentum that contrasted with the bombastic character of the surrounding performance. Goodman later remarked that "Jess Stacy stole the complete show with his solo," highlighting its immediate impact. The solo has been widely regarded as the high point of Stacy's career and a defining moment in jazz history.

Later Career

Post-Goodman Bands and Own Group

After leaving the Benny Goodman Orchestra in 1939, Jess Stacy performed with several prominent big bands during the early 1940s, including those led by Bob Crosby (with appearances alongside the Bob Cats small group), Horace Heidt, and Tommy Dorsey. In 1940, Stacy received significant recognition when he was named best pianist in the Down Beat magazine poll. During this period, Stacy was briefly married to singer Lee Wiley. In 1945, he formed his own big band to accompany her, recording several sides for the Victor label (part of RCA), including "It's Only a Paper Moon" featuring Wiley on vocals, recorded on June 29, 1945, in New York. The ensemble proved short-lived, as Stacy attempted to lead big bands on only a couple of occasions overall. He remained active as a prolific recording artist throughout the decade, contributing to sessions with musicians such as Eddie Condon and others.

West Coast Period and Decline

In 1950, Jess Stacy relocated to Los Angeles, shifting from his earlier sideman and band work to solo piano engagements in local clubs and bars. He performed at venues including the Brown Derby, the Hangover, and the Ile de France during this period. These appearances represented a transition to more informal, intimate settings compared to his prior big-band experiences. Stacy's career gradually declined through the mid-1950s and into the 1960s, as he continued working primarily in piano bars—a form of employment he grew to dislike intensely. He retired from full-time music in 1963, disillusioned with the profession. Thereafter, Stacy held various non-musical jobs, including as a salesman, warehouseman, and postman, and he worked for Max Factor cosmetics, where he sold products and delivered company mail on foot over considerable distances.

Rediscovery and Final Performances

After years of limited public activity following his earlier retirement in the 1960s, Jess Stacy experienced a notable rediscovery in 1974 when he contributed solo piano passages to Nelson Riddle's soundtrack for the film The Great Gatsby. This engagement led to an invitation to perform at the Newport Jazz Festival in New York that same year, where he appeared at Carnegie Hall on June 30, 1974, and was warmly received by a new generation of listeners who effectively rediscovered his work. The renewed interest prompted recording sessions with Chiaroscuro Records, resulting in the album Stacy Still Swings, primarily recorded on July 5, 1974, with additional tracks captured on July 19 and 20, 1977. Stacy made his final public appearance in a broadcast setting on Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz program for National Public Radio, recorded December 1, 1981, featuring conversation and solo performances. He retired permanently from public performance following this engagement.

Personal Life

Marriages and Family

Jess Stacy was married three times and had one son. His first marriage was to Helen Robinson in 1924, when both were young. They had a son named Frederick Jess. The marriage ended in divorce, due in part to Stacy's nighttime schedule playing in clubs while his wife worked during the day, and his refusal to take steady radio station employment for greater security after their child was born. His second marriage, to jazz singer Lee Wiley, lasted from 1943 to 1948. The couple was described as incompatible, with one friend likening their relationship to "two cats, tails tied together, hanging over a clothesline." In 1945, Stacy formed his own big band to back Wiley. His third marriage was to Patricia Peck, whom he dated for ten years before their wedding on September 8, 1950. This union lasted 45 years. He was survived by Patricia and his son Fred, who lived in Manhattan.

Later Years and Death

In his later years, Jess Stacy lived quietly in Los Angeles with his third wife, Patricia. Stacy died on January 1, 1995, in Los Angeles from congestive heart failure at the age of 90.

Film and Media Contributions

On-Screen Appearances

In 1947, Stacy appeared in the musical comedy Sarge Goes to College as the pianist for The Jam Session, a group that included other notable jazz musicians such as Wingy Manone, Les Paul, and Joe Venuti. During this sequence, he performed "Blues In B Flat" and "Old Black Joe."

Soundtrack and Music Usage

Jess Stacy's recordings and performances have appeared in various film and television soundtracks, extending the reach of his jazz piano work beyond his lifetime. Stacy's rendition of "Honeysuckle Rose" was used in the 2003 film The Human Stain. The iconic "Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)," featuring Stacy's extended piano solo from the Benny Goodman Orchestra, was included in a 2007 episode of the television series The Sopranos. His composition "In The Dark-Flashes" appeared in the 2022 short film False Memories.

Legacy

Musical Influence and Recognition

Jess Stacy developed a distinctive piano style as a swinging stride player, characterized by graceful, impressionistic phrasing and classical flourishes that still retained strong swing momentum. He drew his primary influences from Louis Armstrong and especially Earl Hines, whose trumpet-like piano approach shaped Stacy's lyrical touch and refined swing. Stacy's legacy remains most closely associated with his unplanned, spellbinding solo on "Sing, Sing, Sing" during Benny Goodman's 1938 Carnegie Hall concert, a historic performance widely regarded as one of the defining moments in jazz. This two-minute improvisation, delivered with crisp articulation and emotional depth, continues to be celebrated for its innovative beauty and lasting impact. In recognition of his contributions, Stacy was inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame in 1996. As a leader in his later years, he recorded several notable albums, including Stacy Still Swings (1977) and Stacy's Still Swinging (1977).

References

  1. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jess-stacy-mn0000276592
  2. https://commonreader.wustl.edu/jazz-the-devil-and-jess-stacy/
  3. https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/jess-stacy
  4. https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/mastertalent/detail/345018/Stacy_Jess
  5. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/stacy-jess-alexandria
  6. https://fromthevaults-boppinbob.blogspot.com/2022/08/jess-stacy-born-11-august-1904.html
  7. https://www.the-independent.com/news/people/obituaries-jess-stacy-1566532.html
  8. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/125735933/jess-a.-stacy
  9. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0821085/bio/
  10. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jess-stacy-mn0000276592/biography
  11. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0821085/
  12. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/archive/interview/jess-stacy/
  13. https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/04/obituaries/jess-stacy-90-big-band-pianist-for-goodman-and-others-dies.html
  14. https://geezermusicclub.com/2011/04/20/jess-stacys-unforgettable-moment/
  15. https://www.allaboutjazz.com/benny-goodman-sing-sing-sing-benny-goodman-by-david-rickert
  16. https://londonjazznews.com/2020/01/15/the-benny-goodman-orchestras-famous-1938-carnegie-hall-concert-cadogan-hall-26-january/
  17. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-01-07-mn-17162-story.html
  18. https://musicbrainz.org/release/37acaf5f-f82e-4638-b5d9-23d29f31ef0d
  19. https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/2000472757/D5VB-0452-Its_only_a_paper_moon
  20. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaries-jess-stacy-1566532.html
  21. https://www.discogs.com/release/2398711-Nelson-Riddle-Nelson-Riddle-And-His-Orchestra-The-Great-Gatsby
  22. https://jazzlives.wordpress.com/2021/08/19/brief-encounters-part-one-the-return-of-jess-stacy-newport-in-new-york-carnegie-hall-sunday-june-30-1974/
  23. https://www.discogs.com/artist/258706-Jess-Stacy
  24. https://www.discogs.com/release/12191459-Jess-Stacy-Stacy-Still-Swings
  25. https://www.discogs.com/release/26389220-McPartland-Stacy-Marian-Mcpartlands-Piano-Jazz-With-Guest-Jess-Stacy
  26. https://www.allmusic.com/album/marian-mcpartlands-piano-jazz-with-guest-jess-stacy-mw0000124541
  27. https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=WI012
  28. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0039799/
  29. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0039799/characters/nm0821085/
  30. https://riverwalkjazz.stanford.edu/program/jazz-pianists-swing-era
  31. https://music.apple.com/us/album/stacy-still-swings/1214530285
  32. https://www.allmusic.com/album/stacys-still-swingin-mw0000904183
  33. https://open.spotify.com/album/5YsUcQtMXOuBD51o1Ctdfd
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