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John Dubois
John Dubois (French: Jean Dubois) (August 24, 1764 – December 20, 1842) was a French-born Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of New York from 1826 until his death in 1842.
Dubois was the first Bishop of New York who was not Irish-born and, as of 2024, remains the only bishop or archbishop of New York of non-Irish ancestry.
John Dubois was born in Paris, France, on August 24, 1764. As a teenager, he attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Deciding to become a priest, he studied theology at the Oratorian Seminary of Saint-Magloire in Paris.
Dubois was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Paris on September 22, 1787, by Archbishop Antoine-Eléonore-Léon Le Clerc de Juigné. After his ordination, Dubois served as an assistant to the curé of the Church of Saint Sulpice in Paris. He also served chaplain to the Hôpital des Petites-Maisons (the Hospital of Small Houses), a mental hospital run by the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul.
By 1790, the French Revolution was causing huge upheaval in France. In November 1790, the National Constituent Assembly decreed that all clergy must swear an oath of loyalty to the government of France, ahead of loyalty to the pope. Failure to sign the oath mean loss of income, military conscription or death.
Many priests of the Order of Sulpice fled to England. In early 1791, Reverend Charles Nagot led a group of Sulpicians to Baltimore, Maryland. Dubois was able to flee France to America with the assistance Maximilien Robespierre, a leader of the revolution who had attended the Collège Louis LeGrand with Dubois.
Dubois landed at Norfolk, Virginia in August, 1791, and traveled to Richmond, Virginia. He was carrying a letter of introduction from the Marquis de Lafayette, a French hero of the recently concluded American Revolution. Dubois was warmly received in Richmond by Colonel James Monroe, the legislator Patrick Henry and other prominent Richmond families. Henry helped Dubois learn English. The Richmond families hosted Dubois until he was able to rent a house in the city and open a school to teach French, the classics and arithmetic.
Virginia had disestablished the Episcopal Church as the official church by statute in 1786. That same law also guaranteed freedom of religion, releasing the Commonwealth's small Catholic population from civil restrictions. Dubois soon became friends with the Episcopalian John Buchanan and the Presbyterian John Blair two ministers who alternated holding religious services in the Virginia State Capitol. On one occasion, the Virginia General Assembly invited Dubois to celebrate mass in the Capitol courtroom. During his time in Richmond, Dubois celebrated masses in rented rooms or at the homes of the city's few Catholic families.
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John Dubois
John Dubois (French: Jean Dubois) (August 24, 1764 – December 20, 1842) was a French-born Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of New York from 1826 until his death in 1842.
Dubois was the first Bishop of New York who was not Irish-born and, as of 2024, remains the only bishop or archbishop of New York of non-Irish ancestry.
John Dubois was born in Paris, France, on August 24, 1764. As a teenager, he attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Deciding to become a priest, he studied theology at the Oratorian Seminary of Saint-Magloire in Paris.
Dubois was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Paris on September 22, 1787, by Archbishop Antoine-Eléonore-Léon Le Clerc de Juigné. After his ordination, Dubois served as an assistant to the curé of the Church of Saint Sulpice in Paris. He also served chaplain to the Hôpital des Petites-Maisons (the Hospital of Small Houses), a mental hospital run by the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul.
By 1790, the French Revolution was causing huge upheaval in France. In November 1790, the National Constituent Assembly decreed that all clergy must swear an oath of loyalty to the government of France, ahead of loyalty to the pope. Failure to sign the oath mean loss of income, military conscription or death.
Many priests of the Order of Sulpice fled to England. In early 1791, Reverend Charles Nagot led a group of Sulpicians to Baltimore, Maryland. Dubois was able to flee France to America with the assistance Maximilien Robespierre, a leader of the revolution who had attended the Collège Louis LeGrand with Dubois.
Dubois landed at Norfolk, Virginia in August, 1791, and traveled to Richmond, Virginia. He was carrying a letter of introduction from the Marquis de Lafayette, a French hero of the recently concluded American Revolution. Dubois was warmly received in Richmond by Colonel James Monroe, the legislator Patrick Henry and other prominent Richmond families. Henry helped Dubois learn English. The Richmond families hosted Dubois until he was able to rent a house in the city and open a school to teach French, the classics and arithmetic.
Virginia had disestablished the Episcopal Church as the official church by statute in 1786. That same law also guaranteed freedom of religion, releasing the Commonwealth's small Catholic population from civil restrictions. Dubois soon became friends with the Episcopalian John Buchanan and the Presbyterian John Blair two ministers who alternated holding religious services in the Virginia State Capitol. On one occasion, the Virginia General Assembly invited Dubois to celebrate mass in the Capitol courtroom. During his time in Richmond, Dubois celebrated masses in rented rooms or at the homes of the city's few Catholic families.