Joliet Correctional Center (originally known as Illinois State Penitentiary, colloquially as Joliet Prison, Joliet Penitentiary, the Old Joliet Prison, and the Collins Street Prison) is a former prison in Joliet, Illinois, United States, which operated from 1858 to 2002.

Numerous films and television productions have used the prison as a setting or filming location. In the 1980 film The Blues Brothers, character Jake Blues is released from the prison at the beginning of the movie (hence his nickname "Joliet Jake"). Footage of the prison is used for the exterior shots for the Illinois "state prison" in the 1949 film White Heat, and for the location of the first and second season of the series Prison Break, and the 2006 film Let's Go to Prison.

In 2018, the decommissioned prison was opened to guided tours.

Joliet Correctional Center opened in 1858. The prison was built with convict labor leased by the state to contractor Lorenzo P. Sanger and warden Samuel K. Casey. The limestone used to build the prison was quarried on the site. The first 33 inmates arrived from Alton in May 1858 to begin construction; the last prisoners were transferred in July 1860. Both criminals and prisoners of war were confined there during the Civil War. The first corrections officer to be killed there was Joseph Clark in May of 1864. By 1872 the population had reached 1,239, a record number for a single prison. From the 1870s the prison had work contracts with local businesses.

The penitentiary's original plans included a one-hundred cell "Female Cell House" located inside the male penitentiary. Female prisoners were housed adjacent to men's cells from 1859 until 1870, when they were moved to the fourth floor of the central administration building. In 1896 a separate, one-hundred cellblock "Joliet Women's Prison" was built across the street from the male penitentiary. In design it was an exact mini-replica of the male prison. In 1933 all female prisoners were moved to the Oakdale Women's Reformatory (later known as Dwight Correctional Center) and the facility was used for male prisoners. The women's prison was converted into secondary facility to house male prisoners, making Joliet Prison an all-male prison.

The prison was slow to modernize. There was no running water or toilets in the cells in 1910. In 1917, the state began construction of the larger and modern Stateville Correctional Center, on a site 3 miles (4.8 km) to the north-northwest. Its March 1925 opening was meant to lead to the swift closure of Joliet.^{[citation needed]} This did not happen, and both prisons operated simultaneously for the rest of the 20th century.

In 1924, Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb were given life sentences to be served at Joliet (after their successful defense—from the death penalty—by Clarence Darrow). Their case was known as "the crime of the century" at the time after kidnapping and murdering teenager Robert "Bobby" Franks. During their time as inmates, the pair worked to make significant improvements to the prison's educational program.

In 1933 Lester Joseph Gillis (Baby Face Nelson) was released from Joliet Prison, and a mock-up of the foyer is shown in the 1957 movie Baby Face Nelson where Gillis (played by Mickey Rooney) is seen both entering and leaving the facility with a suitcase in his hand. The name of the prison can be seen in his exit sequence.