List of Hindawi academic journals

The list of Hindawi academic journals comprises the peer-reviewed, open access publications issued by Hindawi Publishing Corporation, a company founded in 1997 in Cairo, Egypt, by Ahmed Hindawi and Nagwa Abdelmottaleb.^[1] Hindawi specialized in gold open access journals, publishing more than 200 titles under its brand at the time of its acquisition by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in January 2021 for $298 million, along with nine co-branded Wiley-Hindawi journals.^[1] These journals primarily cover scientific, technical, and medical (STM) fields, including biomedicine, engineering, and physical sciences, while also extending to areas in the humanities and social sciences.^[1] The acquisition aimed to bolster Wiley's open access offerings, doubling its gold open access journal portfolio and enhancing global reach in emerging markets.^[1] Post-acquisition, Hindawi's journals were integrated into Wiley's broader portfolio, with the Hindawi imprint phased out in 2024 to streamline operations and address revenue impacts from quality issues.^[2] Notably, between 2022 and 2023, systemic manipulation by paper mills led to the publication of fraudulent articles, prompting Wiley to retract over 11,000 papers across former Hindawi titles and resulting in the closure or delisting of dozens of journals from indices like Web of Science.^[3][4] By 2025, further journal closures and integrations have occurred, with the full transition to Wiley branding completed. Despite these challenges, the Hindawi journals have published millions of articles since inception, contributing significantly to accessible scholarly communication in diverse disciplines.^[1] The list typically enumerates these titles alphabetically, providing a historical catalog of Hindawi's output for researchers and librarians.

Introduction

Overview of Hindawi Publishing

Hindawi Publishing Corporation, established in 1997 in Cairo, Egypt, by Ahmed Hindawi and Nagwa Abdelmottaleb, operated as a prominent academic publisher with its headquarters in London, UK, and significant operations centered in Cairo.^[1] The company transitioned to a fully open access model in 2007, adopting an author-pays approach to make peer-reviewed research freely available to readers worldwide, which marked a pivotal shift from its initial subscription-based publications.^[5] This model emphasizes gold open access, where articles are immediately accessible upon publication after undergoing rigorous peer review. In 2021, Hindawi was acquired by John Wiley & Sons for $298 million, integrating its operations into Wiley's broader portfolio while maintaining its focus on open access publishing.^[1] The Hindawi brand was sunsetted by mid-2024, with its journals fully integrated into Wiley's portfolio.^[2] Historically, Hindawi published over 250 peer-reviewed journals, providing multidisciplinary coverage across science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM), medicine, and select areas of social sciences.^[6][7] Its mission centered on accelerating the dissemination of high-quality research to advance global scholarly communication.^[1]

Scope and Subject Coverage

Hindawi's academic journals encompassed a wide array of subject areas, with a primary emphasis on scientific, technical, and medical (STM) fields, alongside coverage in social sciences.^[8] The portfolio was organized into major categories, including Engineering and Computer Science, Medicine and Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, and Social Sciences and Humanities.^[9] Key disciplines represented include biomedical engineering, environmental science, oncology research, and applied mathematics.^[10] Following the sunsetting of the Hindawi brand in mid-2024 and full integration into Wiley's portfolio, most of the approximately 200 journals formerly published by Hindawi continue to be actively published by Wiley as of 2025, distributed across more than 20 disciplines.^[11] This distribution reflects a focus on high-impact areas like medicine and engineering, though the exact proportions have shifted following recent portfolio adjustments.^[12] Many Hindawi journals exhibit a multidisciplinary character, integrating topics such as computational biology that span life sciences and computer science, or sustainability studies bridging environmental and social sciences.^[9] This approach supports interdisciplinary research while aligning with the open access model for broader accessibility.^[13]

Historical Development

Founding and Expansion (1997–2020)

Hindawi Publishing Corporation was founded in 1997 in Cairo, Egypt, by Ahmed Hindawi and his wife Nagwa Abdel-Mottaleb, two Egyptian scientists motivated by the potential of the internet to transform scholarly communication. The company initially concentrated on subscription-based, peer-reviewed online journals in mathematics and engineering, starting with a single title in 1999 and expanding modestly to about 21 journals by 2005. This early phase leveraged Egypt's low operational costs and a growing pool of local talent to build a sustainable publishing operation.^[14][15] A pivotal shift occurred in 2004 when Hindawi converted its first journal, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, to a hybrid subscription/open access model, followed by the full open access launch of the Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology in August of that year. By February 2007, Hindawi had completed a comprehensive transition to an all-open access portfolio, eliminating subscriptions entirely and adopting article processing charges (APCs) as its core revenue mechanism, with fees ranging from $0 to $1,500 per article depending on the journal. This move aligned with broader open access trends and positioned Hindawi for accelerated growth, as authors increasingly funded publications through grants and institutions.^[15][16][14] From 2007 to 2020, Hindawi's expansion was driven by prolific new journal launches—approximately 100 titles in 2011 alone—alongside selective acquisitions and co-publishing partnerships with academic societies such as EURASIP. The publisher's proprietary digital platform facilitated efficient peer review, XML-based production, and global dissemination, enabling the portfolio to surpass 200 journals by 2011 and reach over 400 by 2012. Institutional membership programs, offering APC discounts and waivers, further bolstered submissions from universities and research funders, contributing 1-2% of revenue by the early 2010s. By 2017, Hindawi employed around 600 staff across offices in Cairo and London, reflecting its scale as a major open access player with annual article output exceeding 20,000.^[16][15][17]

Acquisition by Wiley and Integration (2021–2022)

In January 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. announced the acquisition of Hindawi Limited, an open access publisher based in London, for a purchase price of $298 million, with the transaction having closed on December 31, 2020.^[1] The deal, valued at an enterprise level of approximately $300 million including minor adjustments, positioned Hindawi within Wiley's Research Publishing & Platforms segment and was financed through a combination of cash and borrowings.^[18] This acquisition marked a significant expansion for Wiley, incorporating Hindawi's portfolio of over 200 peer-reviewed open access journals into its broader holdings.^[1] The strategic objectives centered on accelerating Wiley's growth in the open access (OA) market, doubling its gold OA journal offerings, and enhancing global reach, particularly in high-growth regions like China.^[1] By leveraging Hindawi's expertise in technology-driven publishing and its focus on hybrid and fully gold OA models, Wiley aimed to innovate services for researchers, learned societies, and institutions while evolving licensing and digital solutions.^[18] Integration efforts in 2021 and 2022 included migrating Hindawi's operations onto Wiley's publishing platforms, unifying editorial policies and peer-review processes, and investing in additional editorial resources and technology to support expanded output.^[1] The Hindawi brand was retained for its OA titles, with Hindawi's CEO, Paul Peters, continuing to lead the unit within Wiley's structure to maintain operational continuity.^[1] Initial outcomes were positive, with Hindawi contributing to Wiley's Research Publishing & Platforms segment revenue growth of 9% in fiscal year 2022 (reaching $1,111.3 million), including $34.6 million in incremental revenue from Hindawi and an operating income of $8.0 million for the unit.^[18] Article output across open access titles surged by approximately 27% company-wide, with Hindawi specifically achieving 36% growth on a pro forma basis, reflecting increased submissions and publishing volume.^[19] The combined portfolio expanded to over 1,900 academic research journals by April 2022, bolstering Wiley's position in the global research ecosystem.^[18]

Recent Developments

Publishing Integrity Issues (2023)

In 2023, Hindawi faced significant challenges related to publishing integrity, primarily involving systematic manipulation by paper mills—commercial operations producing low-quality or fabricated manuscripts for sale. Investigations revealed that approximately 2% of submissions to Hindawi journals between 2022 and 2023 showed signs of such manipulation, with the majority concentrated in guest-edited special issues that accounted for over 60% of the affected content.^[20] These issues emerged prominently after Hindawi's acquisition by Wiley in 2021, which enabled greater oversight through shared resources, though vulnerabilities in the special issues process persisted.^[2] Audits conducted by Hindawi and Wiley identified patterns of fraud, including scope discrepancies, data fabrication, inappropriate citations, and compromised peer review, often facilitated by manipulated guest editor roles. In response, Hindawi introduced advanced fraud detection software to screen submissions and peer reviews, outsourced assessments to third-party vendors, and banned hundreds of implicated guest editors. The publisher also temporarily halted all new special issues across its portfolio to prevent further exploitation, shifting focus to regular article submissions under stricter protocols.^[20][3] These measures culminated in the retraction of over 8,000 articles in 2023—more than any publisher had issued in a single year—predominantly from special issues spanning 2020 to 2022. The scale of retractions severely impacted Hindawi's reputation, leading to financial losses of $35–40 million for Wiley in fiscal year 2024 and prompting the decision to phase out the Hindawi brand by mid-2024.^[3][21][22] A notable event was the closure of four journals in May 2023, which had been heavily compromised by paper mill activity, marking an early step in addressing systemic failures.

Journal Closures and Delistings (2023–2025)

In March 2023, Clarivate delisted 19 Hindawi journals from its Web of Science database due to concerns over editorial practices and suspected papermill infiltration, marking a significant early response to integrity challenges within the publisher's portfolio.^[23] These publishing integrity issues, which involved manipulated peer review and fabricated submissions, prompted immediate scrutiny and set the stage for subsequent actions.^[24] Later that year, in May, Hindawi closed four journals that had been heavily compromised by papermill activity, halting further publications to mitigate ongoing risks.^[21] The challenges persisted into 2024, leading Wiley, Hindawi's parent company, to close an additional 19 journals in May amid continued papermill problems, declining submission quality, and low legitimate manuscript volumes.^[25] These closures reflected broader efforts to cleanse the portfolio following over 11,300 retractions from Hindawi titles in the prior two years.^[12] By 2025, the repercussions extended to other indexing services, with Scopus discontinuing coverage of approximately 15 Hindawi titles in March due to similar concerns over publication standards.^[26] Across these years, the total number of impacted journals reached around 50 through delistings and closures, prompting Wiley to implement stricter editorial policies, including enhanced papermill detection tools and reduced reliance on special issues.^[27] The publisher shifted focus to its remaining approximately 150 active titles, while facing estimated financial losses exceeding $50 million from retractions and revenue declines in 2023–2024.^[2] As of November 2025, the Hindawi brand integration into Wiley's portfolio has been completed, with no major new publishing integrity incidents reported.

List of Active Journals

Journals A–D

The following is a list of active former Hindawi academic journals with titles beginning with the letters A through D, as of November 2025. Note: Following integrity challenges, several former Hindawi journals ceased publication in 2024-2025; this list reflects only those confirmed active. These journals have been integrated into Wiley's portfolio following the 2021 acquisition and 2024 migration to the Wiley Online Library platform, where they continue to publish open access content under Wiley's management.^[28]

Journals E–K

The active former Hindawi journals with titles beginning from E to K, as of November 2025, encompass a diverse range of disciplines including education, engineering, environmental sciences, genetics, gastroenterology, and health-related fields. Note: Following integrity challenges, several former Hindawi journals ceased publication in 2024-2025; this list reflects only those confirmed active. These journals continue to operate under Wiley's publishing operations following the integration of Hindawi journals post-2021 acquisition and 2024 phase-out of the Hindawi imprint. The following table provides key metadata for each, based on official publisher records and indexing databases. All listed journals are fully integrated into Wiley's platform, with articles accessible via the Wiley Online Library and adhering to open access policies post-2021 acquisition.

Journals L–P

The following is an alphabetical list of active former Hindawi journals with titles beginning with the letters L through P, as of November 2025. Note: Following integrity challenges, several former Hindawi journals ceased publication in 2024-2025; this list reflects only those confirmed active. All listed journals are open access and integrated into Wiley's publishing platform following the 2021 acquisition. Basic metadata is provided for each, based on publisher records.

Journals Q–Z

The following table lists active former Hindawi journals with titles beginning with the letters Q through Z as of November 2025. Note: Following integrity challenges, several former Hindawi journals ceased publication in 2024-2025; this list reflects only those confirmed active. All journals are fully integrated into Wiley's portfolio following the 2021 acquisition, with content hosted on the Wiley Online Library and adhering to Wiley's publishing standards and open access policies. No ISRN sub-journals remain active under these titles. Data is sourced from publisher metadata.

List of Discontinued Journals

Closed Journals

Following the acquisition of Hindawi by Wiley in 2021, a series of journal closures occurred as part of efforts to address research integrity issues, such as manipulation by paper mills, and to streamline the portfolio by eliminating titles with low submission volumes or limited readership. These closures began in 2023 and continued through 2025, impacting a significant portion of Hindawi's offerings. As of November 2025, 55 journals had been officially closed for submissions, representing approximately 20% of Hindawi's original portfolio of around 250 titles. The closures were distinct from delistings, focusing on ceasing all future publication activity while preserving access to existing content through Wiley's platforms.^[21][34][11] The table below provides an alphabetical list of the 23 journals closed in 2023 and 2024, including their ISSNs, closure dates, primary reasons, and last publication years. An additional 32 Hindawi journals were closed at the end of 2024 primarily due to low submission volumes and portfolio overlap; specific titles are listed in Wiley's 2025 Publications List for Indexing (XLSX file).^[11][](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/pb-assets/sales-partners/2025-links/2025 Wiley Publications List for Indexing-1754669740887.xlsx)

Delisted Journals

In March 2023, Clarivate delisted 19 Hindawi journals from its Web of Science Core Collection due to concerns over compromised editorial integrity and suspected papermill infiltration, resulting in the loss of their Journal Impact Factors.^[24] These delistings represented approximately one-third of Hindawi's journals indexed in Web of Science at the time, impacting the publisher's reputation and contributing to broader scrutiny of open-access models.^[23] The affected titles continued publishing for varying periods post-delisting, though without Impact Factors, before some were discontinued by Wiley (Hindawi's parent company since 2021) in 2023 or 2024 amid ongoing investigations into systematic content manipulation. Others continue under Wiley as of 2025.^[12] The following table lists the 19 delisted journals, including their print ISSN where available, the delisting date (March 21, 2023), the index (Web of Science), the primary reason (editorial and publication concerns linked to papermill activity), and post-delisting status as of late 2025.^[24] By 2025, Scopus had discontinued indexing for up to 15 additional Hindawi titles, often overlapping with prior Web of Science issues, primarily due to persistent publication concerns and failure to meet content selection criteria.^[35] These delistings further eroded visibility for the affected journals, with many ceasing operations shortly thereafter. Overall, the events impacted roughly 10% of Hindawi's portfolio, highlighting systemic challenges in maintaining indexing standards amid rapid open-access growth.^[23]