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Jules Richard (mathematician)
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Jules Richard (mathematician)
Jules Richard (12 August 1862 – 14 October 1956) was a French mathematician who worked mainly in geometry but his name is most commonly associated with Richard's paradox.
Richard was born in Blet, in the Cher département.
He taught at the lycées of Tours, Dijon and Châteauroux. He obtained his doctorate, at age of 39, from the Faculté des Sciences in Paris. His thesis of 126 pages concerns Fresnel's wave-surface. Richard worked mainly on the foundations of mathematics and geometry, relating to works by Hilbert, von Staudt and Méray.
In a more philosophical treatise about the nature of axioms of geometry Richard discusses and rejects the following basic principles:
The latter approach was essentially that proposed by Kant. Richard arrived at the result that the notion of identity of two objects and the invariability of an object are too vague and need to be specified more precisely. This should be done by axioms.
Axioms are propositions, the task of which is to make precise the notion of identity of two objects pre-existing in our mind.
Further according to Richard, it is the aim of science to explain the material universe. And although non-Euclidean geometry had not found any applications (Albert Einstein finished his general theory of relativity only in 1915), Richard already stated clairvoyantly:
One sees that having admitted the notion of angle, one is free to choose the notion of straight line in such a way that one or another of the three geometries is true.
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Jules Richard (mathematician)
Jules Richard (12 August 1862 – 14 October 1956) was a French mathematician who worked mainly in geometry but his name is most commonly associated with Richard's paradox.
Richard was born in Blet, in the Cher département.
He taught at the lycées of Tours, Dijon and Châteauroux. He obtained his doctorate, at age of 39, from the Faculté des Sciences in Paris. His thesis of 126 pages concerns Fresnel's wave-surface. Richard worked mainly on the foundations of mathematics and geometry, relating to works by Hilbert, von Staudt and Méray.
In a more philosophical treatise about the nature of axioms of geometry Richard discusses and rejects the following basic principles:
The latter approach was essentially that proposed by Kant. Richard arrived at the result that the notion of identity of two objects and the invariability of an object are too vague and need to be specified more precisely. This should be done by axioms.
Axioms are propositions, the task of which is to make precise the notion of identity of two objects pre-existing in our mind.
Further according to Richard, it is the aim of science to explain the material universe. And although non-Euclidean geometry had not found any applications (Albert Einstein finished his general theory of relativity only in 1915), Richard already stated clairvoyantly:
One sees that having admitted the notion of angle, one is free to choose the notion of straight line in such a way that one or another of the three geometries is true.