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Jurassic Park (novel)
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Jurassic Park (novel)
Jurassic Park is a 1990 science fiction novel written by Michael Crichton; it is a cautionary tale about genetic engineering that presents the collapse of a zoological park which showcases genetically recreated dinosaurs to illustrate the mathematical concept of chaos theory and its real-world implications. A sequel titled The Lost World, also written by Crichton, was published in 1995.
Jurassic Park received a 1993 film adaptation directed by Steven Spielberg. The film was a critical and commercial success, becoming the highest-grossing film ever at the time and spawning the Jurassic Park franchise, including multiple film sequels.
In 1989, strange animal attacks occur throughout Costa Rica. Evidence collected from the attacks points to Procompsognathus, an extinct dinosaur. Paleontologist Alan Grant and his paleobotanist colleague Ellie Sattler meet with an EPA official to discuss the attacks, but are abruptly whisked away by billionaire John Hammond, the founder of bioengineering firm InGen, for a weekend visit to a "biological preserve" he has established on the remote island of Isla Nublar.
The "preserve" is a cover for the construction of "Jurassic Park", a theme park showcasing living dinosaurs recreated using ancient DNA found in the blood inside insects that were fossilized and preserved in amber. Gaps in the genetic code were filled in with DNA from reptiles, birds, or amphibians. To control breeding, all of the park's specimens are raised as females with a genetic flaw that makes them lysine deficient and unable to survive outside captivity.
At the headquarters of the Biosyn Corporation in Cupertino, California, Lewis Dodgson delivers a speech marking InGen as a 'target of opportunity'. He describes his plan to ten executives from Biosyn, which includes obtaining dinosaur embryos from Isla Nublar itself. Dodgson meets an obese man for a final meeting on the mission. Dodgson gives the man a shaving-cream can with 48 hours of coolant for the embryos. He shows the man half the amount due to him. After doing so, both leave, and the man gets ready for his flight.
The recent attacks on workers have made Hammond's investors skittish. Hammond requests that Grant and Sattler tour the park and endorse it before the park opens. They are joined by mathematician and chaos theorist Ian Malcolm, and a lawyer representing the investors, Donald Gennaro, both of whom are pessimistic about the park. Malcolm, consulted before the park's creation, is emphatic that it will collapse. Hammond also invites his grandchildren, Tim and Alexis 'Lex' Murphy, to join the tour. The park staff present the premier computer programmer and senior engineer John Arnold, molecular geneticist and biotechnologist Henry Wu, game warden/survivalist Robert Muldoon, PR director Ed Regis, systems engineer and chief computer programmer Dennis Nedry, veterinarian Dr. Harding, and several laborers.
The visitors arrive at the visitor center, where Wu explains how they create dinosaurs. He also explains that, not only are the animals created female, but their gonadal tissue is irradiated as well. They also visit the control room, where they can see all the park's animals. Arnold explains that this is made possible by motion sensor tracking systems. He also shows them Poisson distribution graphs of Procompsognathus populations in the park. Malcolm expresses his concern to Gennaro that dinosaurs have indeed gotten off the island, based on the information Arnold had given, leaving Gennaro suspicious. Grant, Sattler, Malcolm, and Tim visit the raptor pen, where they are 'attacked' by raptors. Grant realizes that the raptors were testing the fences for weaknesses and followed a unique hunting strategy.
While touring the park, Grant finds a Velociraptor eggshell, seemingly proving Malcolm's assertion that the dinosaurs are breeding against the geneticists' design. Grant deduces that using frog DNA to fill gaps in the dinosaurs' genetic code created an environment conducive to dichogamy, causing some female dinosaurs to become males and establish a breeding population. The park's automated tally system failed to account for the newborns, having been programmed to allow operators to input the expected number of dinosaurs. Malcolm explains that the Poisson distributions Arnold showed them for Procompsognathus populations were reminiscent of a normal biological population, not a population under the controls desired for Jurassic Park.
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Jurassic Park (novel)
Jurassic Park is a 1990 science fiction novel written by Michael Crichton; it is a cautionary tale about genetic engineering that presents the collapse of a zoological park which showcases genetically recreated dinosaurs to illustrate the mathematical concept of chaos theory and its real-world implications. A sequel titled The Lost World, also written by Crichton, was published in 1995.
Jurassic Park received a 1993 film adaptation directed by Steven Spielberg. The film was a critical and commercial success, becoming the highest-grossing film ever at the time and spawning the Jurassic Park franchise, including multiple film sequels.
In 1989, strange animal attacks occur throughout Costa Rica. Evidence collected from the attacks points to Procompsognathus, an extinct dinosaur. Paleontologist Alan Grant and his paleobotanist colleague Ellie Sattler meet with an EPA official to discuss the attacks, but are abruptly whisked away by billionaire John Hammond, the founder of bioengineering firm InGen, for a weekend visit to a "biological preserve" he has established on the remote island of Isla Nublar.
The "preserve" is a cover for the construction of "Jurassic Park", a theme park showcasing living dinosaurs recreated using ancient DNA found in the blood inside insects that were fossilized and preserved in amber. Gaps in the genetic code were filled in with DNA from reptiles, birds, or amphibians. To control breeding, all of the park's specimens are raised as females with a genetic flaw that makes them lysine deficient and unable to survive outside captivity.
At the headquarters of the Biosyn Corporation in Cupertino, California, Lewis Dodgson delivers a speech marking InGen as a 'target of opportunity'. He describes his plan to ten executives from Biosyn, which includes obtaining dinosaur embryos from Isla Nublar itself. Dodgson meets an obese man for a final meeting on the mission. Dodgson gives the man a shaving-cream can with 48 hours of coolant for the embryos. He shows the man half the amount due to him. After doing so, both leave, and the man gets ready for his flight.
The recent attacks on workers have made Hammond's investors skittish. Hammond requests that Grant and Sattler tour the park and endorse it before the park opens. They are joined by mathematician and chaos theorist Ian Malcolm, and a lawyer representing the investors, Donald Gennaro, both of whom are pessimistic about the park. Malcolm, consulted before the park's creation, is emphatic that it will collapse. Hammond also invites his grandchildren, Tim and Alexis 'Lex' Murphy, to join the tour. The park staff present the premier computer programmer and senior engineer John Arnold, molecular geneticist and biotechnologist Henry Wu, game warden/survivalist Robert Muldoon, PR director Ed Regis, systems engineer and chief computer programmer Dennis Nedry, veterinarian Dr. Harding, and several laborers.
The visitors arrive at the visitor center, where Wu explains how they create dinosaurs. He also explains that, not only are the animals created female, but their gonadal tissue is irradiated as well. They also visit the control room, where they can see all the park's animals. Arnold explains that this is made possible by motion sensor tracking systems. He also shows them Poisson distribution graphs of Procompsognathus populations in the park. Malcolm expresses his concern to Gennaro that dinosaurs have indeed gotten off the island, based on the information Arnold had given, leaving Gennaro suspicious. Grant, Sattler, Malcolm, and Tim visit the raptor pen, where they are 'attacked' by raptors. Grant realizes that the raptors were testing the fences for weaknesses and followed a unique hunting strategy.
While touring the park, Grant finds a Velociraptor eggshell, seemingly proving Malcolm's assertion that the dinosaurs are breeding against the geneticists' design. Grant deduces that using frog DNA to fill gaps in the dinosaurs' genetic code created an environment conducive to dichogamy, causing some female dinosaurs to become males and establish a breeding population. The park's automated tally system failed to account for the newborns, having been programmed to allow operators to input the expected number of dinosaurs. Malcolm explains that the Poisson distributions Arnold showed them for Procompsognathus populations were reminiscent of a normal biological population, not a population under the controls desired for Jurassic Park.