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Kite balloon
A kite balloon is a tethered balloon which is shaped to help make it stable in low and moderate winds and to increase its lift. It typically comprises a streamlined envelope with stabilising features and a harness or yoke connecting it to the main tether and a second harness connected to an observer's basket.
Kite balloons are able to fly in higher winds than ordinary round balloons which tended to bob and spin in windy conditions. They were extensively used for military observation during World War I and similar designs were used for anti-aircraft barriers, as barrage balloons in both world wars.
Developed in Germany from 1893 by Parseval and Sigsfeld (de:Hans Bartsch von Sigsfeld), the main component of their kite balloon is its tubular-shaped envelope, similar to that of a non-rigid airship, giving it its British and French nicknames of "sausage". This was inclined at a nose up angle to about 30–40° from the horizontal, which resulted in it producing some aerodynamic lift to augment the lift from the hydrogen used and which helped reduce the up and down pitching common with spherical balloons.
As with a blimp, the envelope was also the main lifting gas bag. Later versions of the Drachen used wind pressure to inflate a stabilising ballonets or sock at the rear, which acted as a tail fin and kept it pointed into the wind. A yoke or harness connected the balloon to the tether and was arranged to aid stability. Early versions of the Parseval had fixed fins, which were later replaced with the sock mounted on the underside that was inflated by the wind. The Parseval's perceived resemblance to an erect phallus led to the nickname in German service of Die Freude der Mädchen (Maiden's joy). Sizes of early examples varied but two main sizes became common – 600 and 1,200 m (2,000 and 3,900 ft) and mass production was carried out at the August Riedinger Balloon Plant in Augsburg, Germany. The observer was given a parachute, attached to the outside of the basket and while the winch was pulling the balloon down, he would jump.
Parseval balloons most often operated at an altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 m (3,300 and 6,600 ft), could handle winds of up to 65 km/h (40 mph) and were equipped with an engine-driven winch to lower them quickly in the event of an attack. To further dissuade attacks, they were often ringed with anti-aircraft batteries, making attacks on them extremely hazardous. Despite this, they were the target of frequent attacks.
Initially the French and British used copies of the German Parseval Drachen balloons but the French captain Albert Caquot, for whom it was named, developed a much-improved design that replaced the tubular sausage shaped envelope with a more aerodynamic teardrop shape and replaced the sock with three fins, which were also held rigid by the wind blowing past it. Six versions of the Caquot (L, M, M.2, P, P.2 and R) saw widespread use, in four main sizes, 750, 800, 930 and 1,000 m3 (26,000, 28,000, 33,000 and 35,000 cu ft). The 750 m3 (26,000 cu ft) type P could carry two observers to 500 m (1,600 ft), while the 1,000 m3 (35,000 cu ft) type R could carry 3 to 500 m (1,600 ft) or 2 to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).
Like the Parseval, the Caquot could be hauled down in an emergency, at speeds up to 6 m/s (20 ft/s). Until 1916 a Saconney type winch was used, powered with a Delahaye motor of either 32 or 60 hp (24 or 45 kW) but from 1917, a winch of their own design was used, powered with a 70 hp (52 kW) de Dion-Bouton motor.
The kite balloon had a parachute in a flat container attached to the observation basket. The observer wore a harness around his waist, attached by lines to the parachute. If the balloonist jumped, the parachute was pulled from the container.
Hub AI
Kite balloon AI simulator
(@Kite balloon_simulator)
Kite balloon
A kite balloon is a tethered balloon which is shaped to help make it stable in low and moderate winds and to increase its lift. It typically comprises a streamlined envelope with stabilising features and a harness or yoke connecting it to the main tether and a second harness connected to an observer's basket.
Kite balloons are able to fly in higher winds than ordinary round balloons which tended to bob and spin in windy conditions. They were extensively used for military observation during World War I and similar designs were used for anti-aircraft barriers, as barrage balloons in both world wars.
Developed in Germany from 1893 by Parseval and Sigsfeld (de:Hans Bartsch von Sigsfeld), the main component of their kite balloon is its tubular-shaped envelope, similar to that of a non-rigid airship, giving it its British and French nicknames of "sausage". This was inclined at a nose up angle to about 30–40° from the horizontal, which resulted in it producing some aerodynamic lift to augment the lift from the hydrogen used and which helped reduce the up and down pitching common with spherical balloons.
As with a blimp, the envelope was also the main lifting gas bag. Later versions of the Drachen used wind pressure to inflate a stabilising ballonets or sock at the rear, which acted as a tail fin and kept it pointed into the wind. A yoke or harness connected the balloon to the tether and was arranged to aid stability. Early versions of the Parseval had fixed fins, which were later replaced with the sock mounted on the underside that was inflated by the wind. The Parseval's perceived resemblance to an erect phallus led to the nickname in German service of Die Freude der Mädchen (Maiden's joy). Sizes of early examples varied but two main sizes became common – 600 and 1,200 m (2,000 and 3,900 ft) and mass production was carried out at the August Riedinger Balloon Plant in Augsburg, Germany. The observer was given a parachute, attached to the outside of the basket and while the winch was pulling the balloon down, he would jump.
Parseval balloons most often operated at an altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 m (3,300 and 6,600 ft), could handle winds of up to 65 km/h (40 mph) and were equipped with an engine-driven winch to lower them quickly in the event of an attack. To further dissuade attacks, they were often ringed with anti-aircraft batteries, making attacks on them extremely hazardous. Despite this, they were the target of frequent attacks.
Initially the French and British used copies of the German Parseval Drachen balloons but the French captain Albert Caquot, for whom it was named, developed a much-improved design that replaced the tubular sausage shaped envelope with a more aerodynamic teardrop shape and replaced the sock with three fins, which were also held rigid by the wind blowing past it. Six versions of the Caquot (L, M, M.2, P, P.2 and R) saw widespread use, in four main sizes, 750, 800, 930 and 1,000 m3 (26,000, 28,000, 33,000 and 35,000 cu ft). The 750 m3 (26,000 cu ft) type P could carry two observers to 500 m (1,600 ft), while the 1,000 m3 (35,000 cu ft) type R could carry 3 to 500 m (1,600 ft) or 2 to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).
Like the Parseval, the Caquot could be hauled down in an emergency, at speeds up to 6 m/s (20 ft/s). Until 1916 a Saconney type winch was used, powered with a Delahaye motor of either 32 or 60 hp (24 or 45 kW) but from 1917, a winch of their own design was used, powered with a 70 hp (52 kW) de Dion-Bouton motor.
The kite balloon had a parachute in a flat container attached to the observation basket. The observer wore a harness around his waist, attached by lines to the parachute. If the balloonist jumped, the parachute was pulled from the container.