List of nearest hypergiants

This is a list of the nearest hypergiant stars to Earth, located at a distance of up to 10,000 light-years (3,100 parsecs) from Earth.

While hypergiants are typically defined as stars with luminosity classes 0, Ia-0 or Ia+, other definitions exist, such as those based on stellar evolution. Therefore, stars with other luminosity classes can sometimes be considered hypergiants.

List

Name	Distance (ly)	Spectral type	Stellar radius (`R`_☉)	Stellar mass (`M`_☉)	Stellar luminosity (`L`_☉)	Apparent magnitude (V)	Notes and References
Mu Cephei	2090-3060	M2-Ia (M2e Ia or M2 Ia+)	972±228	25	269000+111000 −40000	4.08	^[1]
VV Cephei A	3,319 – 4900	M2 Iab (M1p 0)	660, 1,050	2.5 or 18.2	72,880±16,300	4.91	^[2]
VY Canis Majoris	3820+260 −230	M3-M4.5 (M2.5-M5Iae)	1420±120	17±8	270000±40000	6.5-9.6	^[3]^[4]
HD 183143 (HT Sagittae)	4990±550	B6-8 Ia-0	109±15	24.2±1.4	288000+83000 −65000	6.71-6.95
HD 168625 (V4030 Sagittarii)	5000±200	B6Ia+ (B2-B8)	105		380000	8.30-8.41
HD 168607 (V4029 Sagittarii)	5100±500	B9Ia+	187		240000	8.12-8.29
NML Cygni	5250+420 −360	M4.5–M7.9 Ia–III	1,350+195 −229	25	229,000+40,000 −41,000, 270,000+50,000 −50,000	16.60
P Cygni	5300±590	B1-2Ia-0ep (B1 lapeq)	76	37	610000	4.82
Cygnus OB2-12	5300±590	B3-4Ia+	264	110	1660000	11.702
V915 Scorpii	5600+570 −370	K0Ia-0	685.6	14.7	74,100–185,200	6.22 - 6.64
Zeta¹ Scorpii	6000	B1.5Ia+	103 to 125.5	36 to 53	8.5×10⁵	4.705	^[5]
V382 Carinae	6,000	G0-4-Ia+	485 ± 56	24±5.1	212,000 ± 12,300	3.83
V602 Carinae	7000	M3 Ia-Iab	1,015	17.7 - 20	126,000	8.39
S Persei	7900±300	M3 Iae–M7	1,298+64-57 – 1,364±6	20	123,000 – 186,000	9.23
6 Cassiopeiae	8000	A2.5Ia+	193	22.0	200000	5.34-5.45
Rho Cassiopeiae	8150±1630	G2 0 (F8pIa-K0pIa-0)	564 or 700	40	300000-530000	4.1 to 6.2	^[6]
BP Crucis	9915.154	B1 Ia+	70	43	470,000	10.83	^[7]

Notes

References

^ Mozurkewich, D.; Armstrong, J. T.; Hindsley, R. B.; Quirrenbach, A.; Hummel, C. A.; Hutter, D. J.; Johnston, K. J.; Hajian, A. R.; Elias, Nicholas M.; Buscher, D. F.; Simon, R. S. (2003). "Angular Diameters of Stars from the Mark III Optical Interferometer". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (5): 2502. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2502M. doi:10.1086/378596. S2CID 67789347.
^ Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Lund, Michael B.; Siverd, Robert J.; Pepper, Joshua; Tang, Sumin; Kafka, Stella; Gaudi, B. Scott; Conroy, Kyle E.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Stevens, Daniel J.; Shappee, Benjamin J. (May 2016). "An extreme analogue of ε Aurigae: an M-giant eclipsed every 69 years by a large opaque disk surrounding a small hot source". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5): 123. arXiv:1601.00135. Bibcode:2016AJ....151..123R. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/123. S2CID 24349954.
^ Massey, Philip; Levesque, Emily M.; Plez, Bertrand (2006-08-01). "Bringing VY Canis Majoris down to size: an improved determination of its effective temperature". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1203–1208. arXiv:astro-ph/0604253. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1203M. doi:10.1086/505025. S2CID 14314968.
^ Humphreys, Roberta M. (2006). "VY Canis Majoris: The Astrophysical Basis of Its Luminosity". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 38: 1047. arXiv:astro-ph/0610433. Bibcode:2006AAS...20910109G.
^ "* zet01 Sco". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
^ "* rho Cas". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
^ "V* BP Crucis". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.

External links

Samus NN, Kazarovets EV, Durlevich OV, Kireeva NN, Pastukhova EN (2017). "General Catalogue of Variable Stars: Version GCVS 5.1". Astronomy Reports. 61 (1): 80–88. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. ISSN 1063-7729. S2CID 255195566.

[mozurkewich-1] Mozurkewich, D.; Armstrong, J. T.; Hindsley, R. B.; Quirrenbach, A.; Hummel, C. A.; Hutter, D. J.; Johnston, K. J.; Hajian, A. R.; Elias, Nicholas M.; Buscher, D. F.; Simon, R. S. (2003). "Angular Diameters of Stars from the Mark III Optical Interferometer". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (5): 2502. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2502M. doi:10.1086/378596. S2CID 67789347.

[Rodriguez-2] Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Lund, Michael B.; Siverd, Robert J.; Pepper, Joshua; Tang, Sumin; Kafka, Stella; Gaudi, B. Scott; Conroy, Kyle E.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Stevens, Daniel J.; Shappee, Benjamin J. (May 2016). "An extreme analogue of ε Aurigae: an M-giant eclipsed every 69 years by a large opaque disk surrounding a small hot source". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5): 123. arXiv:1601.00135. Bibcode:2016AJ....151..123R. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/123. S2CID 24349954.

[massey2006-3] Massey, Philip; Levesque, Emily M.; Plez, Bertrand (2006-08-01). "Bringing VY Canis Majoris down to size: an improved determination of its effective temperature". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1203–1208. arXiv:astro-ph/0604253. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1203M. doi:10.1086/505025. S2CID 14314968.

[humphreys-4] Humphreys, Roberta M. (2006). "VY Canis Majoris: The Astrophysical Basis of Its Luminosity". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 38: 1047. arXiv:astro-ph/0610433. Bibcode:2006AAS...20910109G.

[5] "* zet01 Sco". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.

[6] "* rho Cas". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.

[7] "V* BP Crucis". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.

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List of nearest hypergiants

List of nearest hypergiants

List of nearest hypergiants

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List of nearest hypergiants

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