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Love You To
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| "Love You To" | |
|---|---|
Cover of the Northern Songs sheet music | |
| Song by the Beatles | |
| from the album Revolver | |
| Released | 5 August 1966 |
| Recorded | 11 and 13 April 1966 |
| Studio | EMI, London |
| Genre | Raga rock, Indian music,[1] psychedelic rock |
| Length |
|
| Label | Parlophone |
| Songwriter | George Harrison |
| Producer | George Martin |
"Love You To" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1966 album Revolver. The song was written and sung by George Harrison and features Indian instrumentation such as sitar and tabla. Following Harrison's introduction of the sitar on "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" in 1965, it was the first Beatles song to fully reflect the influence of Indian classical music. The recording was made with minimal participation from Harrison's bandmates; instead, he created the track with tabla player Anil Bhagwat and other Indian musicians from the Asian Music Circle in London. The title references their first hit song; "Love Me Do".
The composition adheres to the pitches of the Indian equivalent of Dorian mode and emulates the khyal vocal tradition of Hindustani classical music. For musical inspiration, Harrison drew from the work of master sitarist Ravi Shankar, who became his sitar tutor shortly after the recording was completed. In its lyrical themes, "Love You To" is partly a love song to Harrison's wife, Pattie Boyd, while also incorporating philosophical concepts inspired by his experimentation with the hallucinogenic drug LSD. In the context of its release, the song served as one of the first examples of the Beatles expressing an ideology aligned with that of the emergent counterculture.
"Love You To" has been hailed by musicologists and critics as groundbreaking in its presentation of a non-Western musical form to rock audiences, particularly with regard to authenticity and avoidance of parody. Author Jonathan Gould describes the song's slow sitar introduction as "one of the most brazenly exotic acts of stylistic experimentation ever heard on a popular LP".[2] Ronnie Montrose, Bongwater, Jim James and Cornershop are among the artists who have covered "Love You To".
Background and inspiration
[edit]To me, [Indian classical music] is the only really great music now, and it makes Western three-or-four-beat type stuff seem somehow dead. You can get so much more out of it if you are prepared really to concentrate and listen.[3]
On the 1965 album Rubber Soul, George Harrison had led the Beatles towards Indian classical music through his use of the Indian sitar on John Lennon's song "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)",[4] while his own composition "If I Needed Someone" reflected the genre's influence in its melody[5] and suggestion of drone.[6] He subsequently wrote "Love You To" as a way to showcase the sitar,[3][7] and to feature the tabla, a pair of Indian hand drums, for the first time.[8][9] Music critic Richie Unterberger describes the song as the Beatles' "first all-out excursion" in raga rock,[10] a genre that author Nicholas Schaffner says was "launched" by Harrison's use of sitar on "Norwegian Wood".[11]
Harrison wrote "Love You To" in early 1966[7] while the Beatles were enjoying an unusually long period free of professional commitments, due to their inability to find a suitable film project.[12][13] He used the available time to further explore his interest in Indian music and the sitar,[14] which, journalist Maureen Cleave noted in a contemporary article, "has given new meaning to [his] life".[15] Aside from honeymooning in Barbados with his wife, English model Pattie Boyd, Harrison's activities included receiving sitar tuition from an Indian musician at the Asian Music Circle (AMC) in north London,[16] where he also attended music recitals,[7] and seeing Indian sitarist Ravi Shankar perform at the Royal Festival Hall.[15] As reflected in "Love You To",[17] Harrison continued to immerse himself in recordings by Shankar,[18] who, when the pair met in June 1966, would agree to take Harrison as his student.[19][20] This meeting took place at the home of the AMC's founders, Ayana and Patricia Angadi, whose network of friends and visitors added to Harrison's self-education in new forms of art, culture and politics.[21]

Typically of his songs over this period, Harrison was unable to commit to naming the new composition.[22] At the start of the sessions for the Beatles' Revolver album, Geoff Emerick, the band's recording engineer, gave the song the working title of "Granny Smith", after the variety of apple.[23][24][nb 1] The song was partly inspired by Harrison's experimentation with the hallucinogenic drug LSD,[26][27] which he credited as a catalyst for increased awareness and his interest in Eastern philosophical concepts.[28][29] Author Ian MacDonald views the subject matter as "part philosophical" and "part love-song" to Boyd.[30]
Composition
[edit]Musical form
[edit]"Love You To" is in the key of C and adheres to the pitches of Kafi thaat, the Indian equivalent of Dorian mode.[31] The composition emulates the khyal vocal tradition of Hindustani (or North Indian) classical music. Structurally, it comprises an opening alap; a gat section, which serves as the main portion of the song; and a short drut (fast) gat to close the piece.[1]
The alap consists of sitar played in free tempo, during which the song's melody is previewed in the style of an Indian raga.[1] Described by Harrison biographer Simon Leng as "essentially an adaptation of a blues lick",[32] the seven-note motif that closes the alap serves as a recurring motif during the ensuing gat.[31] The change of metre following the alap marks the first such example in the Beatles' work; it would shortly be repeated in Lennon's composition "She Said She Said",[33] which Harrison helped complete by joining together three separate pieces that Lennon had written.[34]
The gat is set in madhya laya (medium tempo)[1] and features a driving rock rhythm[32] accentuated by heavy tambura drone.[35] This portion of the composition consists of eight-bar "A" sections and twelve-bar "B" sections, structured in an A-B-A-B pattern.[36] The alap's lack of a distinct time signature is contrasted with a temporal reference in the lyrics to the opening verse: "Each day just goes so fast / I turn around, it's past".[37] Throughout, the vocal line avoids the melodic embellishment typical of khyal,[1] apart from the use of melisma over the last line in each of the A sections.[35] In keeping with the minimal harmonic movement of Indian music,[31] the composition's only deviation from its I chord of C is a series of implied ♭VII chord changes, which occur in the B sections.[36]
During the mid-song instrumental passage, the melody line of the sitar incorporates aspects of the alap, raising the melody previewed there by an octave.[38] The song then returns to verses sung over the A and B sections,[36] culminating in the line "I'll make love to you, if you want me to."[39] The arrival of the drut gat follows Hindustani convention by ending the composition at an accelerated tempo, although the brevity of this segment marks a departure from the same tradition.[40][41]
Lyrical interpretation
[edit]As with all of the songs written by Harrison or Lennon and recorded by the Beatles in 1966, the lyrics to "Love You To" marked a departure from the standard love-song themes that had defined the group's previous work.[42] Harrison presents a worldview that variously reflects cynicism,[1] sardonic humour and a degree of detachment with regard to personal relationships.[43] According to music critic John Harris, the lines "There's people standing round / Who'll screw you in the ground / They'll fill you in with all the sins you'll see" serve as one of the first examples of the Beatles' ideology aligning with that of the emerging 1960s counterculture, by highlighting the division between traditional mores and an LSD-inspired perspective.[44][nb 2] Authors Russell Reising and Jim LeBlanc recognise this and other statements in "Love You To" as part of the Beatles' espousal of anti-materialism from 1966 onwards, a message that, inspired by the LSD experience, suggested a "psychedelic vision of society".[45]
Among other commentators discussing the lyrical themes, Mark Hertsgaard writes that Harrison's "response to the fleetingness of time was to affirm and celebrate life: 'make love all day long / make love singing songs'",[26] while Robert Rodriguez describes "Love You To" as "a somewhat oblique expression of love directed toward his bride, along with larger concerns regarding mortality and purpose".[46][nb 3] In Ian Inglis' estimation, the lyrics "remind us that in a world of material dissatisfaction and moral disharmony, there is always the solace of sexual pleasure".[48]
Recording
[edit]"Love You To" was the third track the Beatles recorded for Revolver, after "Tomorrow Never Knows" and "Got to Get You into My Life".[49][50] Rodriguez comments that "Love You To" "[made] explicit the Indian influence implicit throughout the entire album",[51] as songs such as "Tomorrow Never Knows" and "Got to Get You into My Life", together with the non-album single tracks "Paperback Writer" and "Rain", all incorporate drone sounds or otherwise display the limited harmonic movement that typifies the genre.[52][53][nb 4] In a 1997 interview, Harrison said that the song's inclusion reflected the band's willingness to experiment during this period, adding: "We were listening to all sorts of things, Stockhausen, avant-garde music, whatever, and most of it made its way onto our records."[56]
The basic track for "Love You To" was taped in London at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) on 11 April 1966.[57][58] According to Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn, Harrison initially sang and played acoustic guitar, accompanied by Paul McCartney on backing vocals. By the end of the first session that day, three takes of the song had been made, with Harrison introducing his sitar on the last of these takes. Work resumed at 8 pm,[57] with the participation of Anil Bhagwat, a tabla player that Harrison had sourced through Patricia Angadi.[59] Other outside contributors, also from the AMC, included musicians on tambura and sitar.[30]
A chap called [Ayana] Angadi called me and asked if I was free that evening to work with George ... he didn't say it was Harrison. It was only when a Rolls-Royce came to pick me up that I realised I'd be playing on a Beatles session. When I arrived at Abbey Road there were girls everywhere with Thermos flasks, cakes, sandwiches, waiting for the Beatles to come out.[57]
According to Inglis, "Love You To" is "defined" by the interplay between sitar and tabla.[60] Bhagwat later recalled of his involvement: "George told me what he wanted and I tuned the tabla with him. He suggested I play something in the Ravi Shankar style, 16-beats, though he agreed that I should improvise. Indian music is all improvisation."[57] After rehearsing the song together many times, Harrison and Bhagwat recorded the sitar and tabla parts onto the vocal and guitar performance taped earlier that day.[61][nb 5]

With take 6 selected as the best performance, a reduction mix was carried out on 13 April, freeing up space for more overdubs on the four-track tape.[64] Harrison added another vocal part onto what was now referred to as take 7, and Ringo Starr played tambourine. McCartney contributed a high harmony vocal over the words "They'll fill you in with all their sins, you'll see", but this part was omitted from the final mix.[65][nb 6] Harrison also overdubbed fuzz-tone electric guitar,[68] controlling the output via a volume pedal.[66] Producer Tony Visconti has marvelled at the guitar sounds the Beatles introduced on Revolver, particularly Harrison's part on "Love You To", which he says "sounds like a chainsaw cutting down a tree in Vermont".[69]
Credit for the main sitar part on "Love You To" has traditionally been the subject of debate among commentators.[18][70] While MacDonald says that, rather than Harrison, it was the sitarist from the AMC who played this part,[30] Rodriguez writes that "others point to [Harrison's] single-minded diligence in mastering the instrument, as well as his study through private lessons, proximity to accomplished musicians, and close listening to pertinent records."[18] In his official history of the Beatles' recording career, The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions, Lewisohn states: "George played the sitar but an outside musician, Anil Bhagwat, was recruited to play the tabla."[57] Musicologist Walter Everett also identifies Harrison as the main sitar player on the recording,[71] as does Peter Lavezzoli, author of The Dawn of Indian Music in the West.[1] Leng comments that, as on "Norwegian Wood", Harrison "is still playing the sitar like a guitar player [on the recording], using blues and rock 'n' roll bends rather than the intensely intricate Indian equivalents".[32][nb 7] Speaking to author Steve Turner, Bhagwat has dismissed the idea that the sitarist was not Harrison, saying: "I can tell you here and now – 100 percent it was George on sitar throughout."[72]
Final mixing for the song took place on 21 June[73] as the Beatles rushed to complete Revolver before beginning the first leg of their 1966 world tour.[74][75] Harrison discussed "Love You To" with Shankar when the two musicians met that month,[76][77] at a social event hosted by the Angadi family.[7][78] Although he was unaware of the band's popularity and had yet to hear "Norwegian Wood",[59] Shankar was impressed with Harrison's humility[79][80] as the guitarist downplayed his sitar recordings with the Beatles as merely "experiments".[81][nb 8] Soon after this meeting, Shankar gave Harrison his first sitar lesson at Kinfauns, his and Boyd's home in Surrey,[19][89] and later, with tablist Alla Rakha,[90] performed a private recital there for Harrison, Lennon and Starr.[17][91] Harrison subsequently recalled of his first lesson with Shankar: "I felt I wanted to walk out of my home that day and take a one-way ticket to Calcutta. I would even have left Pattie behind in that moment."[92]
Release
[edit]Revolver was released on 5 August 1966, with "Love You To" sequenced as the fourth track.[93][94][nb 9] In advance of the release, EMI had issued the songs to radio stations throughout July, in increments, to prepare the Beatles' audience for the progression the band had made with their latest work. According to cultural historian Simon Philo, the album represented "pop's most sustained deployment of Indian instruments, musical form and even religious philosophy thus far – which all came together most notably on ['Love You To']".[98] By that point, the Beatles' association with Indian music had been firmly established,[20][99] after, at Harrison's suggestion, the band stopped over in Delhi on the return flight from their concerts in the Far East.[100][101] During the highly publicised visit, all four members of the group bought musical instruments[101] from Rikhi Ram & Sons in Connaught Place.[20][nb 10] Bhagwat's name appeared on the LP's back cover, one of the few times that an outside musician received an official credit on a Beatles album.[68][105]

Among commentators recalling the song's release, Peter Doggett describes "Love You To" as having "sounded astonishing next to the electrifying pop of the Revolver album".[106] Hertsgaard writes: "what caught most people's interest was the exotic rhythm track. The opening descent of shimmering harplike notes beckoned even those who resisted Indian music, while the lyrics melded the mysticism of the East ... with the pragmatism of the West, and the hedonism of youth culture."[26][nb 11]
In his 1977 book The Beatles Forever, Schaffner wrote that, next to the dominant Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership, Harrison's three compositions on Revolver – "Love You To", "Taxman" and "I Want to Tell You" – "offered ample indication that there were now three prolific songwriting Beatles".[107] Schaffner also commented that, through his championing of the sitar and Shankar's music, Harrison came to be seen as "the maharaja of raga-rock" among Western musicians.[108][nb 12] In the Beatles' 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine, a brief portion of the song is used to introduce Harrison's character,[110] as a guru-like figure,[111] standing on a hill.[112]
Critical reception
[edit]In a joint album review with Peter Jones for Record Mirror, Richard Green enthused about "Love You To", saying: "Starts like a classical Indian recital ... This is great. So different. Play it again! Best [track] so far."[113] As an example of what Turner views as older pop journalists being unable to evaluate the new progressive music of 1966, Allen Evans of the NME described the song as an "Oriental-sounding piece"[114] with "sitar jangles" and a "Kama Sutra-type lyric".[115] Melody Maker's reviewer lauded Harrison's sitar playing as "stunning" and "tremendous" before concluding: "Fascinating mixture of minor melody with Indian accompaniment. One of the most striking tracks."[116]
Disc and Music Echo's review of Revolver took the form of a track-by-track rundown by Ray Davies of the Kinks,[117] whose July 1965 single "See My Friends" became widely viewed as one of the first pop songs to incorporate Eastern elements.[118] In his comments on "Love You To", Davies said that Harrison "must have quite a big influence on the group now", adding that "it's well performed which is always true of a Beatles track." Davies also said: "This sort of song I was doing two years ago – now I'm doing what the Beatles were doing two years ago."[119][nb 13]
Writing in the recently launched Crawdaddy!, Paul Williams "heaped praise" on "Love You To", according to Rodriguez.[121] The majority of contemporary US reviews were lukewarm towards Revolver, however, in reaction to the publication of Lennon's comment to Maureen Cleave that the Beatles had become more popular than Christ.[122] An exception was New York critic Richard Goldstein, who praised the album as "a revolutionary record",[121] and later wrote that the song's lyrics "exploded with a passionate sutra quality".[123] While bemoaning the initial lack of recognition for Revolver, KRLA Beat's reviewer said that Harrison had "created a new extension of the music form which he introduced in Rubber Soul", and described "Love You To" as "Well done and musically valid. Also musically unrecognized."[124]
Retrospective assessment and legacy
[edit]While it was the songs and voices of Lennon and McCartney that led the Beatles to enduring influence, Harrison's embrace of Indian music added a welcome, if wholly unexpected, note to the proceedings, instantly and forever changing Western awareness of the Asian subcontinent.[125]
Writing in the journal Asian Music, ethnomusicologist David Reck has cited "Love You To" as being revolutionary in Western culture,[32] adding: "One cannot emphasise how absolutely unprecedented this piece is in the history of popular music. For the first time an Asian music was not parodied utilising familiar stereotypes and misconceptions, but rather transferred in toto into a new environment with sympathy and rare understanding."[126] Reck views it as the first in "a series of finely crafted Indian-based songs" by Harrison that would extend through his solo career, and while admiring the range of authentic Hindustani musical elements in the composition, he concludes: "All of this in a three-minute song!"[127] Peter Lavezzoli describes "Love You To" as "the first conscious attempt in pop to emulate a non-Western form of music in structure and instrumentation",[1] while Reck calls it "the first song in the Euro-American pop music canon that is scored predominantly for Asian musical instruments, [with] sitar, tabla and tambura replacing rock band guitars, keyboards, bass and drums".[128] Lavezzoli says of the sitar part: "[Harrison's] playing throughout the song is an astonishing improvement over 'Norwegian Wood'. In fact, 'Love You To' remains the most accomplished performance on sitar by any rock musician."[1]
Music critic Lester Bangs termed "Love You To" "the first injection of ersatz Eastern wisdom into rock", while Peter Doggett credits Harrison's spiritual concerns with inspiring "an entire [new] genre of songwriting".[129] The song has been recognised as a precursor to the world music genre.[130] Through the success of Revolver in 1966, it was a key factor in the rise in popularity of Indian classical music among contemporary Western youth.[131] In addition, the song inspired other rock musicians to experiment with non-Western instruments and tones, and so helped expand the scope of raga rock,[132] while its mix of Indian instrumentation and distorted electric guitar was highly influential in the development of 1960s psychedelic music.[133]
Reviewing Harrison's musical career in a 2002 issue of Goldmine magazine, Dave Thompson wrote that "Love You To" "opened creative doors through which Harrison's bandmates may not – and [George] Martin certainly would not – have ever dreamed of passing".[134] Rolling Stone contributor Greg Kot pairs it with "Taxman" as two "major contributions" that saw Harrison "[come] into his own as a songwriter" on Revolver. Kot describes "Love You To" as "a boldly experimental track" and "the first full-scale incorporation of Eastern instruments on a Beatles album".[135][nb 14]
AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine considers "Love You To" to be Harrison's "first and best foray into Indian music",[137] while Bruce Eder, also writing for AllMusic, views it as "exquisite".[138] In his song review for the same website, Richie Unterberger is unimpressed with the track; while acknowledging that "Love You To" was "Undoubtedly ... another indication of the group's rapidly broadening barriers", he cites a lead vocal that "drone[s] on in a rather lugubrious way", Harrison's slightly "disheveled" sitar playing, and lyrics that constitute "a rather muddled mix of free love advocacy, meditations on the transience of life on Earth, and chip-on-the-shoulder wariness of people out to exploit him".[10] Although he finds the melody "sourly repetitious", Ian MacDonald writes that the track is "distinguished by the authenticity of its Hindustani classical instrumentation and techniques", and admires Harrison's understanding of the genre.[30] In a 2009 review for Paste magazine, Mark Kemp described Revolver as the album on which the Beatles "completed their transformation from the mop tops of three years earlier into bold, groundbreaking experimental rockers", and added: "Harrison's 'Love You To' is pure Indian raga – sitar and tablas punctuated by the occasional luminous guitar riff jolting through the song's paranoid, drug-fueled lyrics like a blinding ray of sun into a dark forest."[139]
Cover versions
[edit]The Trypes, an offshoot of the Feelies, covered "Love You To" on their 1984 EP The Explorers Hold.[140] A version of the song was covered by Ronnie Montrose, that included a rare vocal performance by the guitarist, on his 1986 album Territory.[141] The song has also been covered by experimental rock band Bongwater on their 1988 debut album Double Bummer.[142]
My Morning Jacket singer Jim James performed "Love You To" on a banjo for his 2009 EP Tribute To,[143] a collection of Harrison songs that James recorded shortly after the former Beatle's death in November 2001.[144][145] Mojo included James's version on Harrison Covered,[146] a tribute CD accompanying the November 2011 issue of the magazine.[147] In 2012, Cornershop recorded it for Mojo's multi-artist compilation Yellow Submarine Resurfaces.[148][149]
Personnel
[edit]According to Kenneth Womack[150] and Ian MacDonald:[30][nb 15]
The Beatles
- George Harrison – lead and backing vocals, acoustic guitar, sitar, rhythm guitar,[68] fuzz-tone[66] lead guitar
- Paul McCartney – backing vocal
- Ringo Starr – tambourine
Additional musicians
- Anil Bhagwat – tabla
- Unnamed musicians from the Asian Music Circle – sitar, tambura
Notes
[edit]- ^ This temporary title remained in place until the completion of Revolver, on 22 June 1966.[25]
- ^ Harris cites Lennon's similar demarcation between "groovers and squares" in "Rain" as the other example of the Beatles first espousing countercultural principles.[44]
- ^ In his interview with Cleave in February 1966, Harrison said that Boyd had been urging him to "write more beautiful words". Referring to a couplet in "Love You To", a demo of which Harrison played during their meeting, Cleave wrote: "'Love me while you can; before I'm a dead old man.' George was aware that these words were not beautiful."[15][47]
- ^ In addition, "Rain" and "I Want to Tell You" include the vocal melismas commonly used in Indian composition.[54] Indian musical stylings similarly feature in the guitar solos on "I'm Only Sleeping" and "Taxman".[55]
- ^ A portrait artist,[62] Patricia Angadi sketched the pair as they rehearsed, having painted Harrison and Boyd's wedding portrait earlier in the year.[63]
- ^ McCartney's singing was retained elsewhere in the verses, however.[66] Although Lennon shared Harrison's interest in Indian music,[67] he is not thought to have participated in the recording of "Love You To".[30]
- ^ In Everett's estimation, the part on "Love You To" "would have required knowledge of no rag[a]s and only an elementary understanding of Hindustani formal patterns, easily attainable by a good guitarist within a few weeks".[70] Harrison said he had "made some strides" as a sitarist since the recording of "Norwegian Wood".[56]
- ^ Shankar was later dismissive of the link made during the 1960s between Indian music and the prevailing liberal attitude towards sex[82][83] and drugs.[84][85] After "Love You To", according to Lavezzoli, Harrison "took greater care" when writing the lyrics to his next Indian-style song, "Within You Without You", which was influenced by his introduction to Vedic philosophy[86] while in India with Shankar over September–October 1966.[87][88]
- ^ On the abbreviated US version of Revolver, it appeared as the third track,[95] since Capitol Records had already issued "I'm Only Sleeping" on the North American release Yesterday and Today.[96][97] American pressings of Revolver also differed by mis-titling the song "Love You Too".[66]
- ^ Having used a cheap model purchased from the Indiacraft store in London for "Norwegian Wood" and "Love You To",[102][103] Harrison bought a top-quality sitar in Delhi, along with some other Indian instruments.[104]
- ^ Author Jonathan Gould describes the song's introduction as "filled with croaking drones, pregnant pauses and softly elasticized notes", and highlights it as "one of the most brazenly exotic acts of stylistic experimentation ever heard on a popular LP".[2]
- ^ Schaffner considered "Love You To" to be "sprawling and listless", however, in comparison to other examples of "Beatle raga-rock" – namely, "Norwegian Wood" and Harrison's later compositions "Within You Without You" and "The Inner Light".[109]
- ^ Turner writes that this last comment, as with several others in the Disc article, reflected the bitterness Davies had felt towards the Beatles since 1964, and that Harrison was the only Beatle to publicly recognise the Kinks as equals.[118] In a 1988 interview, Davies recalled the 1960s music scene as "incredible ... The Beatles were waiting for the next Kinks album while the Who were waiting for the next Beatles record."[120]
- ^ Reviewing Martin Scorsese's 2011 documentary George Harrison: Living in the Material World, Joseph Jon Lanthier of Slant Magazine described "Love You To" as a "groundbreaking Eastern homage" and rued that Scorsese had overlooked the song in favour of discussing "Within You Without You".[136]
- ^ Consistent with his querying the extent of Harrison's sitar playing on the track, MacDonald includes a question mark after the sitar credit he gives Harrison, as he does for McCartney's vocal credit.[30] In his list of personnel, Womack adds bass guitar to Harrison's sitar and guitar contributions.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Lavezzoli 2006, p. 175.
- ^ a b Gould 2007, p. 353.
- ^ a b The Beatles 2000, p. 209.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 19.
- ^ Fontenot, Robert. "The Beatles Songs: 'If I Needed Someone' – The history of this classic Beatles song". oldies.about.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
- ^ MacDonald 1998, p. 150.
- ^ a b c d Tillery 2011, p. 55.
- ^ Harrison 2002, p. 102.
- ^ a b Womack 2014, p. 583.
- ^ a b Unterberger, Richie. "The Beatles 'Love You To'". AllMusic. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, pp. 66, 68.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, pp. 7–8.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 237.
- ^ MacDonald 1998, p. 164.
- ^ a b c Cleave, Maureen (18 March 1966). "How A Beatle Lives Part 3: George Harrison – Avocado With Everything ...". The Evening Standard. Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, pp. 114, 240.
- ^ a b Clayson 2003, p. 201.
- ^ a b c d Rodriguez 2012, p. 114.
- ^ a b Tillery 2011, pp. 55–56.
- ^ a b c Lavezzoli 2006, pp. 176, 177.
- ^ Turner 2016, pp. 84–85.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, pp. 114, 143.
- ^ Lewisohn 2005, pp. 72–73.
- ^ MacDonald 1998, p. 172fn.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 40, 65.
- ^ a b c Hertsgaard 1996, p. 184.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, p. 66.
- ^ The Editors of Rolling Stone 2002, p. 145.
- ^ Glazer, Mitchell (February 1977). "Growing Up at 33⅓: The George Harrison Interview". Crawdaddy. p. 41.
- ^ a b c d e f g MacDonald 1998, p. 172.
- ^ a b c Everett 1999, p. 41.
- ^ a b c d Leng 2006, p. 22.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 40, 66.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 21.
- ^ a b Reck 2009, p. 297.
- ^ a b c Pedler 2003, p. 731.
- ^ Reising & LeBlanc 2009, p. 96.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 41–42.
- ^ Harrison 2002, p. 104.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, pp. 175–76.
- ^ Everett 1999, p. 42.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, pp. 53–54, 63.
- ^ Inglis 2010, p. 8.
- ^ a b Harris, John (2003). "Cruel Britannia". Mojo Special Limited Edition: 1000 Days of Revolution (The Beatles' Final Years – Jan 1, 1968 to Sept 27, 1970). London: Emap. p. 41.
- ^ Reising & LeBlanc 2009, p. 101.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, p. 70.
- ^ Turner 2016, pp. 228–29.
- ^ Inglis 2010, pp. 7–8.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, pp. 106–14, 243.
- ^ Miles 2001, pp. 228–29.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, p. 115.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 41, 42.
- ^ MacDonald 1998, pp. 167, 171fn, 175.
- ^ MacDonald 1998, pp. 175, 184–85.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 21, 22.
- ^ a b Kubernik, Harvey (16 June 2015). "Ravi Shankar: A Life In Music Exhibit at the Grammy Museum May 2015–Spring 2016". Cave Hollywood. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Lewisohn 2005, p. 72.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 229.
- ^ a b Lavezzoli 2006, p. 176.
- ^ Inglis 2010, p. 7.
- ^ Turner 2016, pp. 229–31.
- ^ Harrison, Sarah (17 July 2001). "Obituary: Patricia Angadi". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- ^ Turner 2016, pp. 85, 231.
- ^ Lewisohn 2005, pp. 72, 73.
- ^ Lewisohn 2005, p. 73.
- ^ a b c d Everett 1999, p. 40.
- ^ Kruth 2015, p. 72.
- ^ a b c Fontenot, Robert. "The Beatles Songs: Love You To – The history of this classic Beatles song". oldies.about.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ^ Marszalek, Julian (31 October 2012). "Prophets, Seers & Sages: Tony Visconti's Favourite Albums". The Quietus. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
- ^ a b Everett 1999, p. 325.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 40, 325.
- ^ Turner 2016, p. 231.
- ^ Lewisohn 2005, p. 84.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 59–60.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, p. 146.
- ^ White, Timothy (18 March 1995). "Ravi Shankar: Godfather of World Music". Billboard. p. 80. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ Spencer, Neil. "Eastern Rising". In: Mojo Special Limited Edition 2002, p. 80.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, pp. 57, 176.
- ^ Clayson 2003, p. 193.
- ^ Turner 2016, p. 303.
- ^ Shankar 2007, p. 100.
- ^ Clayson 2003, pp. 210–11.
- ^ Shankar 1999, pp. 198, 200, 202–03.
- ^ "Ravi Shankar: 'Our music is sacred' – a classic interview from the vaults". theguardian.com. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ Clark, Sue C. (9 March 1968). "Ravi Shankar: The Rolling Stone Interview". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, pp. 177–79.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 24–25, 31.
- ^ The Editors of Rolling Stone 2002, pp. 34, 36.
- ^ Shankar 2007, p. 101.
- ^ MacDonald 1998, p. 185.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 177.
- ^ Greene 2006, p. 63.
- ^ Castleman & Podrazik 1976, p. 55.
- ^ MacDonald 1998, pp. 172, 442.
- ^ Castleman & Podrazik 1976, p. 56.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, pp. 25–26, 246.
- ^ Lewisohn 2005, p. 201.
- ^ Philo 2015, pp. 110–11.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 55.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 223.
- ^ a b Miles 2001, p. 236.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, pp. 196, 209.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 174.
- ^ Tillery 2011, pp. 56, 160.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, pp. 115, 138.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 238.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 63.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, pp. 63, 65–66.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 68.
- ^ Womack 2014, p. 584.
- ^ Clayson 2003, p. 230.
- ^ Collis, Clark (October 1999). "Fantastic Voyage". Mojo. p. 53.
- ^ Green, Richard; Jones, Peter (30 July 1966). "The Beatles: Revolver (Parlophone)". Record Mirror. Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
- ^ Turner 2016, pp. 395–96.
- ^ Shaar Murray, Charles. "Revolver: Talking About a Revolution". In: Mojo Special Limited Edition 2002, p. 74.
- ^ Mulvey, John, ed. (2015). "July–September: LPs/Singles". The History of Rock: 1966. London: Time Inc. p. 78. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, p. 176.
- ^ a b Turner 2016, pp. 396–97.
- ^ Staff writer (30 July 1966). "Ray Davies Reviews the Beatles LP". Disc and Music Echo. p. 16.
- ^ Turner 2016, pp. 397–98.
- ^ a b Rodriguez 2012, p. 175.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, pp. 172, 174, 176.
- ^ Goldstein, Richard (18 June 1967). "We Still Need the Beatles, But ...". The New York Times. p. II 24. Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
- ^ Uncredited writer (10 September 1966). "The Beatles: Revolver (Capitol)". KRLA Beat. pp. 2–3. Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
- ^ Robbins, Ira (3 December 2001). "George Harrison: And Life Flows On". Salon. Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
- ^ Reck, D.B. (1985). "Beatles Orientalis: Influences from Asia in a Popular Song Form". Asian Music. XVI: 83–150. doi:10.2307/834014. JSTOR 834014.
- ^ Reck 2009, pp. 296, 297.
- ^ Reck 2016, p. 65.
- ^ Miles 2001, pp. 217, 238.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, p. xiii.
- ^ Caro, Mark (13 December 2012). "Ravi Shankar's impact went beyond the Beatles". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ Philo 2015, p. 111.
- ^ Campbell, Hernan M. (27 February 2012). "Review: The Beatles – Revolver". sputnikmusic. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ^ Thompson, Dave (25 January 2002). "The Music of George Harrison: An album-by-album guide". Goldmine. p. 15.
- ^ The Editors of Rolling Stone 2002, p. 185.
- ^ Lanthier, Joseph Jon (27 April 2012). "Blu-ray Review: George Harrison: Living in the Material World". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "The Beatles Revolver". AllMusic. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
- ^ Eder, Bruce. "George Harrison". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ Kemp, Mark (8 September 2009). "The Beatles: The Long and Winding Repertoire". Paste. p. 59. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
- ^ Cleary, David. "The Trypes The Explorers Hold [EP]". AllMusic. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ Theakston, Rob. "Ronnie Montrose Territory". AllMusic. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^ Raggett, Ned. "Bongwater Double Bummer". AllMusic. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^ Anderson, Stacey (September 2009). "Yim Yames Tribute To". Spin. p. 88.
- ^ Ayers, Michael D. (25 June 2009). "Jim James Reveals George Harrison E.P. Details". billboard.com. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ Glide staff (25 June 2009). "Jim James Becomes Yim Yames for George Harrison Tribute EP". Glide Magazine. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- ^ "Harrison Covered". Mojo Cover CDs. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ^ "MOJO Issue 216 / November 2011". MOJO. mojo4music.com. November 2011. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ "Yellow Submarine Resurfaces". Mojo Cover CDs. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ^ "MOJO Issue 224 / July 2012". MOJO. mojo4music.com. July 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ Womack 2014, pp. 583–84.
Sources
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- Castleman, Harry; Podrazik, Walter J. (1976). All Together Now: The First Complete Beatles Discography 1961–1975. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-25680-8.
- Clayson, Alan (2003). George Harrison. London: Sanctuary. ISBN 1-86074-489-3.
- The Editors of Rolling Stone (2002). Harrison. New York, NY: Rolling Stone Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-3581-5.
- Everett, Walter (1999). The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver Through the Anthology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512941-5.
- Gould, Jonathan (2007). Can't Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain and America. London: Piatkus. ISBN 978-0-7499-2988-6.
- Greene, Joshua M. (2006). Here Comes the Sun: The Spiritual and Musical Journey of George Harrison. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-12780-3.
- Harrison, George (2002) [1980]. I, Me, Mine. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-5900-4.
- Hertsgaard, Mark (1996). A Day in the Life: The Music and Artistry of the Beatles. London: Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-33891-9.
- Inglis, Ian (2010). The Words and Music of George Harrison. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-37532-3.
- Kruth, John (2015). This Bird Has Flown: The Enduring Beauty of Rubber Soul Fifty Years On. Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-6171-3573-6.
- Lavezzoli, Peter (2006). The Dawn of Indian Music in the West. New York, NY: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-2819-3.
- Leng, Simon (2006). While My Guitar Gently Weeps: The Music of George Harrison. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard. ISBN 978-1-4234-0609-9.
- Lewisohn, Mark (2005) [1988]. The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions: The Official Story of the Abbey Road Years 1962–1970. London: Bounty Books. ISBN 978-0-7537-2545-0.
- MacDonald, Ian (1998). Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties. London: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-7126-6697-8.
- Miles, Barry (2001). The Beatles Diary Volume 1: The Beatles Years. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-8308-9.
- Mojo Special Limited Edition: 1000 Days That Shook the World (The Psychedelic Beatles – April 1, 1965 to December 26, 1967). London: Emap. 2002.
- Pedler, Dominic (2003). The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-8167-6.
- Philo, Simon (2015). British Invasion: The Crosscurrents of Musical Influence. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-8626-1.
- Reck, David (2016) [2008]. "The Beatles and Indian Music". In Julien, Olivier (ed.). Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7546-6708-7.
- Reck, David B. (2009). "India/South India". In Titon, Jeff Todd (ed.). Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples (5th edn). Belmont, CA: Schirmer Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-534-59539-5.
- Reising, Russell; LeBlanc, Jim (2009). "Magical Mystery Tours, and Other Trips: Yellow submarines, newspaper taxis, and the Beatles' psychedelic years". In Womack, Kenneth (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Beatles. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68976-2.
- Rodriguez, Robert (2012). Revolver: How the Beatles Reimagined Rock 'n' Roll. Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-61713-009-0.
- Schaffner, Nicholas (1978). The Beatles Forever. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-055087-5.
- Shankar, Ravi (1999). Raga Mala: The Autobiography of Ravi Shankar. New York, NY: Welcome Rain. ISBN 1-56649-104-5.
- Shankar, Ravi (2007) [1968]. My Music, My Life (updated edn). San Rafael, CA: Mandala Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60109-005-8.
- Tillery, Gary (2011). Working Class Mystic: A Spiritual Biography of George Harrison. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books. ISBN 978-0-8356-0900-5.
- Turner, Steve (2016). Beatles '66: The Revolutionary Year. New York, NY: HarperLuxe. ISBN 978-0-06-249713-0.
- Womack, Kenneth (2014). The Beatles Encyclopedia: Everything Fab Four. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39171-2.
External links
[edit]Love You To
View on GrokipediaBackground
Harrison's evolving interest in Indian culture
Harrison first encountered Indian instrumentation during the April 1965 filming of the Beatles' movie Help!, where a scene featured Indian musicians playing sitar, tabla, and other traditional instruments, sparking his curiosity about the sounds.[4] Shortly thereafter, he acquired a sitar from the Indiacraft store in London and began self-teaching through trial and error, influenced by hearing Ravi Shankar's recordings, which had been recommended to him around mid-1965.[5] This phase represented an initial, exploratory phase of interest, driven by the instrument's distinctive drone and modal scales that contrasted sharply with Western rock conventions.[6] By late 1965, Harrison's engagement had progressed to integration in Beatles recordings; on October 12, 1965, he overdubbed sitar onto "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" for the album Rubber Soul, employing basic ragas and tambura-like drones despite limited formal training, which introduced Indian elements to mainstream pop audiences.[7] His exposure extended beyond music to cultural context, as he studied Shankar's albums like The Sounds of India (1968 reissue, but earlier works available), appreciating the philosophical underpinnings of raga as meditative structures tied to Hindu cosmology.[8] This interest intensified in June 1966 when Harrison met Shankar in London through the Asian Music Circle, leading to mentorship and sitar lessons; Shankar noted Harrison's earnestness but cautioned against superficial adoption, emphasizing disciplined practice rooted in Indian classical traditions.[9] Later that year, in September 1966, Harrison traveled to India, including Srinagar, for immersive lessons and cultural immersion, marking a shift from novice experimentation to committed study of Indian philosophy, vegetarianism, and spiritual practices influenced by Shankar's guidance.[10] These developments reflected a causal progression from aesthetic intrigue to deeper cultural affinity, informed by direct interaction rather than mediated Western interpretations.Specific inspirations and personal circumstances
Harrison married model Pattie Boyd on January 21, 1966, at Epsom Register Office in Surrey, England, following a two-year courtship that began on the set of the Beatles' film A Hard Day's Night in 1964.[11] The couple honeymooned in Barbados shortly after, amid the height of Beatlemania, which afforded them relative privacy despite Harrison's fame.[12] This newlywed phase coincided with the song's composition, with lyrical themes partly expressing romantic devotion to Boyd, as Harrison invited a lover to abandon "the life you lead" for deeper connection.[13] The track's creation was spurred by Harrison's intensifying self-study of Indian classical music, building on his 1965 introduction to the sitar via recordings of Ravi Shankar, whom he had not yet met in person.[13] By early 1966, Harrison was experimenting with raga structures and drone-based improvisation drawn from Shankar's albums, aiming to evoke detachment from material pursuits—a concept echoed in lyrics like "Make it simple to fly to the sun," reflecting early Eastern philosophical influences such as those in Swami Vivekananda's writings, which Harrison was exploring alongside his musical pursuits.[14] These elements contrasted with the carnal undertones some observers noted in the verses, yet Harrison framed the song as a call to transcend ego-driven existence, informed by his growing disillusionment with the Beatles' grueling tour schedule, which ended later that year.[14] In the broader context of 1966, Harrison's personal life intertwined with spiritual curiosity and substance experimentation; though his first LSD use occurred earlier, it amplified his quest for non-Western perspectives, fostering the song's blend of personal affection and metaphysical invitation.[13] The Beatles' July 1966 visit to India, where Harrison purchased a sitar, postdated the song's April recording but reinforced his trajectory, as he sought authentic instruction from Shankar's circle thereafter.[15]Composition
Musical form and Eastern influences
"Love You To" features a hybrid musical form that integrates Western verse-refrain architecture with Hindustani classical principles, marking one of the earliest Western pop compositions to authentically emulate Indian raga structure.[16] The song opens with a brief, unaccompanied sitar alap-like introduction in free tempo, presenting scalar motifs in C Dorian mode derived from the Kafi thaat, before accelerating into metered sections.[17] This intro establishes a drone-based modal foundation, eschewing harmonic progression in favor of sustained tones from tambura and implied oscillations via fuzz guitar, evoking the static harmony of Indian classical music.[16] [14] The core structure consists of alternating verse and refrain units, each verse spanning 10 measures in primarily 4/4 time with embedded 3/4 bars for syncopation, followed by a 6-measure refrain employing call-and-response patterns between vocals and sitar.[16] A central sitar solo disrupts conventional symmetry, featuring ornate, unpredictable phrasing and polyrhythmic overlays such as seven notes against four beats, mirroring improvisational jhora or jhala developments in raga exposition.[16] The form concludes with an outro that fades amid rhythmic intensification on tabla, forgoing resolution in a nod to cyclical Indian rhythms rather than Western cadences.[14] Eastern influences permeate the composition through its adherence to Kafi thaat pitches—corresponding to C Dorian with flattened third and seventh degrees—and emulation of khyal melodic style, characterized by melismatic ornamentation and riff-based motifs centered on the fifth scale degree.[17] [13] Instrumentation reinforces this: Harrison's sitar provides lead melody and sympathetic resonance, Anil Bhagwat's tabla drives a 16-beat teental-inspired cycle with hand-drumming techniques, and McCartney's tambura drone sustains the modal ambiguity, minimizing chord changes to prioritize raga-like exploration over functional harmony.[14] These elements collectively shift the song from rock conventions toward Hindustani formalism, including metrical modulation and absence of strict verse-chorus repetition, prioritizing improvisatory flow and timbral texture.[16]Lyrical content and philosophical undertones
The lyrics of "Love You To", composed by George Harrison, emphasize the ephemeral nature of existence, opening with reflections on time's relentless pace: "Each day just goes so fast / I turn around, it's past / You don't get time to hang a sign on me / Love me while you can / Before I'm a dead old man". This motif recurs, underscoring a lifetime's brevity and imploring immediate embrace of love amid mortality's shadow.[1] Subsequent verses juxtapose mundane urban scenes—workers at a bus stop "smelling of a working day's restless sweat"—with illusory aspirations, as people "reaching for a sunbeam / As they chase the rainbow's end", only to be eclipsed by inevitable cycles ("overtaken / By the rising sun"). The chorus pledges boundless provision ("I'll get you anything you want / Honey, just tell me what it is"), evoking devotion tinged with relational discord ("You've been acting much too strange / Stay away from here for days"), while the bridge conveys paradoxical silence ("I want to tell you / I got nothing to say"). The song resolves in repetitive affirmation: "I will love you to", a phonetic play on "love you too" that Harrison derived from casual studio dialogue.[18][2] These themes partly function as a personal exhortation to Harrison's wife, Pattie Boyd, blending romantic urgency with broader existential prompts to seize fleeting pleasures over material vanities.[2] Yet the lyrics subtly foreshadow Harrison's deepening engagement with Eastern thought, evident in the mid-1960s as he immersed himself in Indian music and texts following his sitar introduction via Ravi Shankar. The futility of chasing rainbows parallels Hindu and Buddhist notions of maya (illusion) and impermanence (anicca), where worldly strivings dissolve before time's inexorable flow, akin to the sun's daily renewal symbolizing eternal recurrence or enlightenment's dispelling of delusion.[2] The ineffable bridge echoes mystical traditions' limits of language in conveying ultimate truth, a motif Harrison later explored explicitly in songs like "Within You Without You". While not overtly didactic—contrasting ascetic ideals with calls to "love me while you can"—the content marks an early synthesis of Harrison's philosophical curiosity, prioritizing lived experience over prolonged detachment during this transitional phase.[18][2]Recording
Studio process and technical details
Recording of "Love You To" began on 11 April 1966 in Studio Two at EMI Studios, London, with George Harrison directing the session under producer George Martin and engineer Geoff Emerick.[19] The initial takes 1–3 established the rhythm track, featuring Harrison's acoustic guitar and lead vocals, followed by takes 4–5 in the evening, with take 5 selected as the basis for overdubs.[14] Harrison double-tracked his vocals, added sitar and fuzz guitar parts, while Paul McCartney contributed harmony vocals and tambura, and session musician Anil Bhagwat played tabla; Ringo Starr later added tambourine.[14] On 13 April 1966, the session shifted to Studio Three, where a reduction mix created take 7 to accommodate further overdubs on the four-track tape.[19] Additional layers included Starr's tambourine, Harrison's fuzz electric guitar, McCartney's harmony vocals, and a brief edit piece of Harrison's sitar solo for the introduction.[19] Three mono mixes were produced, with the best segments edited together for the album version; the tabla was close-mic'd with heavy compression to capture its dynamic nuances.[14] Final mixing occurred on 21 June 1966, yielding the stereo mix (still under the working title "Granny Smith") and two mono remixes that superseded an earlier mono version from 17 June.[14][20] Artificial double tracking (ADT) was applied to enhance vocal depth, reflecting the era's innovative tape manipulation techniques at EMI.[14] Harrison's approach emphasized improvisation over strict rhythm, instructing Bhagwat to follow the music's feel rather than a metronomic beat, which influenced the track's organic, non-Western structure.[14]Instrumentation and contributing musicians
"Love You To" incorporates traditional Indian classical instruments alongside limited Western elements, reflecting George Harrison's experimentation with raga influences during the Revolver sessions on 11 April 1966. The primary instrumentation consists of sitar, tabla, and tambura, with Harrison handling sitar duties throughout the track to emulate the melodic intricacies of Indian music.[2] Fuzz-tone electric guitar provides rhythmic accents in the opening and bridge sections, also played by Harrison, while acoustic guitar supports the initial rhythm in early takes before being augmented by the Eastern ensemble.[21] Notably absent is conventional bass guitar or drums, emphasizing the song's departure from rock conventions in favor of a drone-based structure sustained by the tambura.[22] Contributing musicians were limited, underscoring Harrison's hands-on approach with minimal band involvement. Harrison delivered lead vocals, backing vocals, sitar, fuzz guitar, and acoustic guitar, effectively composing and performing the core elements solo before overdubs.[2] Paul McCartney provided backing vocals on the basic track and played tambura to supply the continuous drone essential to the raga form.[21] Anil Bhagwat, an Indian tabla player recruited by Harrison, performed the intricate rhythmic patterns that drive the composition's 10-beat cycle, marking the first credited appearance of a non-Beatle musician on a Beatles recording.[22] Ringo Starr contributed tambourine overdubs to enhance the percussive texture, though his role was ancillary compared to the Indian elements.[14] John Lennon had no involvement in the final recording.[21]| Musician | Instruments/Role |
|---|---|
| George Harrison | Lead vocals, sitar, fuzz guitar, acoustic guitar, backing vocals |
| Paul McCartney | Backing vocals, tambura |
| Anil Bhagwat | Tabla |
| Ringo Starr | Tambourine |
Release
Inclusion in Revolver and distribution
"Love You To" was included as the fourth track on side one of the United Kingdom version of Revolver, The Beatles' seventh studio album, positioned after "I'm Only Sleeping" and before "Here, There and Everywhere."[23] The track's placement contributed to the album's eclectic sequencing, blending Harrison's Eastern-influenced composition with Lennon-McCartney works.[24] Revolver was released in the UK on 5 August 1966 by Parlophone Records in monaural (PMC 7009) and stereophonic (PCS 7009) long-playing vinyl formats, with initial distribution emphasizing the mono pressing as the primary consumer edition.[25] In the preceding weeks, the album's 14 tracks, including "Love You To," were supplied to British radio stations starting in July 1966 to build promotional buzz ahead of the launch.[26] The United States edition, issued by Capitol Records on 8 August 1966 (T 2553 mono, ST 2553 stereo), retained "Love You To" but as the third track on side one, reflecting a reconfiguration to 11 total tracks that excluded "I'm Only Sleeping," "I Want to Tell You," and "Got to Get You into My Life" to align with domestic running time preferences of approximately 27 minutes.[27][28] This version maintained the same artwork but shortened content, with vinyl distribution mirroring the UK in format while adapting to Capitol's packaging standards.[29]Commercial context and chart relevance
![WCFL Sound 10 survey October 1966 featuring The Beatles][float-right] "Love You To" received no commercial single release and thus did not appear on major singles charts, reflecting the Beatles' shift toward album-oriented output by 1966, where George Harrison's compositions like this one were prioritized for artistic rather than standalone commercial exploitation.[14] Instead, the track contributed to the fourth position on Revolver, released on 5 August 1966 in the United Kingdom and 8 August in the United States, an album that debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and held the position for seven weeks.[30][29] In the US, Revolver ascended to number one on the Billboard 200 on 10 September 1966, remaining there for six weeks amid the Beatles' unparalleled market dominance, with the album's eclectic content—including Eastern-influenced pieces such as "Love You To"—bolstering its critical and sales appeal without hindering commercial performance.[31] Estimates place initial US shipments under 1.2 million units during the release year, yet Revolver ranked among the band's top-selling studio albums, certified gold by the RIAA shortly after launch and contributing to their three number-one albums in 1966 alone.[32] Radio stations received advance copies from EMI, enabling some airplay for album tracks, though "Love You To" saw limited promotion compared to singles like "Eleanor Rigby"/"Yellow Submarine," underscoring its role in the album's cohesive experimental narrative over individual chart potential.[31]Reception
Contemporary reviews and audience reactions
Upon the release of Revolver on August 5, 1966, in the United Kingdom, critics acclaimed the album for its experimental diversity, with George Harrison's "Love You To" exemplifying the band's venture into non-Western musical traditions through sitar, tabla, and tanpura instrumentation. William Mann, chief music critic for The Times, lauded the record in his August 5 review as a revival of "hopes of progress in music," citing its sophisticated use of modes and harmonies that aligned with Harrison's raga-inspired composition, though he focused more broadly on the album's structural innovations rather than isolating the track.[33] Similarly, UK music weeklies like Melody Maker and New Musical Express highlighted Revolver's departure from conventional pop, implicitly endorsing Harrison's Eastern fusion as part of the record's artistic advancement, with Melody Maker on August 13 noting the Beatles' readiness to confront detractors amid such bold shifts.[33] Audience responses to "Love You To," an album track rather than a single, reflected initial surprise among fans habituated to the Beatles' earlier rock-oriented sound, given the song's near-total eschewal of Western rhythm and melody in favor of Hindustani classical elements. In the official fan publication Beatles Book Monthly's post-release issues, Harrison's sitar experimentation—foreshadowed in the May 1966 edition where he discussed composing on the instrument—drew curiosity, but anecdotal accounts from era listeners indicate mixed enthusiasm, with some expressing bewilderment at the track's dissonance and unconventional structure upon first hearing.[14] US radio surveys, such as Chicago's WCFL Sound 10 in October 1966, captured broader Beatles mania amid Revolver's chart dominance (reaching No. 1 in both UK and US by late August), though album cuts like "Love You To" garnered less airplay than singles "Eleanor Rigby" and "Yellow Submarine," suggesting segmented appeal among pop audiences.[float-right] The track's philosophical lyrics, urging embrace of the present amid mortality, resonated more with emerging countercultural listeners attuned to Eastern philosophy, but mainstream teen fans often favored McCartney and Lennon's contributions, viewing Harrison's piece as an intriguing yet alien interlude in Revolver's eclectic flow.[14] Overall, while not universally embraced immediately, "Love You To" contributed to the album's reputation for pushing boundaries, fostering long-term appreciation for cross-cultural experimentation in rock.Retrospective critical assessments
Retrospective assessments have consistently praised "Love You To" as a pioneering effort in fusing Western rock with Hindustani classical music, marking George Harrison's first full immersion into Indian instrumentation on a Beatles recording. Musicologists and critics, including those analyzing the track's structure, highlight its use of sitar, tabla, and tambura as a catalyst for broader Western interest in non-Western forms, positioning it as an early exemplar of cross-cultural musical experimentation rather than mere novelty.[13][16] This view is echoed in scholarly examinations of the Beatles' evolution, where the song's modal raga influences and rhythmic shifts are credited with expanding rock's harmonic and textural palette beyond traditional chord progressions.[35] Critics such as Alan W. Pollack have noted the track's role in sparking a "faddish phenomenon" of Eastern influences in popular music, though they caution against overemphasizing its technical purity—Harrison's adaptation prioritizes emotional conveyance over strict adherence to classical Indian rules, resulting in a hybrid that prioritizes accessibility for rock listeners.[16] In Seth Rogovoy's 2024 analysis of Harrison's oeuvre, "Love You To" is described as the guitarist's breakthrough in integrating sitar-driven composition, surpassing prior flirtations like "Norwegian Wood" by committing to an all-Indian ensemble, which underscored his growing autonomy within the band.[36] Later evaluations, including those in fusion music histories, affirm its influence on subsequent genre-blending, with the song's philosophical undertones—blending romantic devotion and detachment—seen as authentically reflective of Harrison's engagement with Eastern philosophy, unmarred by superficial exoticism.[37] While overwhelmingly positive, some retrospective critiques, such as those tracing Harrison's output, acknowledge limitations in lyrical depth compared to his later solo work, viewing "Love You To" as a formative step where musical innovation outpaced verbal nuance.[38] Nonetheless, its enduring assessment as the Beatles' inaugural Hindustani-infused track solidifies its status as a milestone in Harrison's compositional maturation and the democratization of global musical elements in pop.[39]Legacy
Influence on fusion music and Harrison's career
"Love You To," released on August 5, 1966, as part of The Beatles' album Revolver, advanced the emerging genre of raga rock by fully incorporating Hindustani classical music structures, including an alap introduction, drone-based harmony from the tambura, and rhythmic cycles played on tabla, alongside Western rock elements.[40] This integration of authentic Indian instrumentation—sitar, tabla, and tambura performed by London-based Asian musicians—distinguished it from earlier, more superficial uses of the sitar, such as in "Norwegian Wood" (1965), and provided a template for fusing Eastern modal improvisation with rock song forms.[41] Music critics have noted its role in pioneering this hybrid style, with contemporaneous reviews highlighting its deployment of Indian scales and phrasing to create a psychedelic fusion sound.[42] The track's emphasis on Indian classical theory, drawn from Harrison's self-study and exposure via Ravi Shankar's recordings, influenced subsequent world music experiments by popularizing cross-cultural synthesis in rock, contributing to the broader 1960s interest in Eastern sounds among Western artists.[43] For instance, its structure—featuring a slow introductory exposition building to rhythmic propulsion—mirrored raga performance conventions adapted to pop constraints, inspiring later fusions in progressive and psychedelic rock.[40] This approach elevated Indian music's visibility in the West, with the song's use of non-Western musicians marking a shift toward collaborative authenticity rather than exotic novelty.[41] For Harrison's career, "Love You To" solidified his shift from rhythm guitarist to composer exploring Eastern traditions, building on his sitar introduction in 1965 and prompting formal sitar lessons with Ravi Shankar beginning in September 1966.[41] It initiated a series of Indian-influenced compositions, including "Within You Without You" (May 1967, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band) and "The Inner Light" (March 1968, B-side to "Lady Madonna"), which deepened his technical command of ragas and philosophy.[41] Post-Beatles, this trajectory manifested in his debut solo album Wonderwall Music (November 1968), featuring Indian and Asian musicians, and collaborations like the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh, where he championed Shankar and fused rock with classical Indian performance.[41] Harrison credited these explorations with shaping his worldview, as evidenced by his advocacy for transcendental meditation and Eastern spirituality, which permeated albums like All Things Must Pass (1970) and sustained his output until his death in 2001.[40]Cultural impact and viewpoints on cross-cultural exchange
"Love You To" represented a pioneering effort in fusing Indian classical music with Western pop structures, emulating the raga form through its modal structure in Kafi thaat (equivalent to Dorian mode) and incorporation of sitar and tabla, performed by Harrison and Indian musician Anil Bhagwat.[13] Ethnomusicologist David Reck described the track as revolutionary for Western culture, marking one of the earliest instances where a pop song deliberately adopted non-Western musical architecture and timbre.[13] Music historian Peter Lavezzoli characterized it as the first conscious attempt in popular music to replicate an Eastern form in both structure and instrumentation, influencing subsequent world music explorations.[44] The song's release on Revolver in August 1966 amplified Indian classical elements to a global audience of tens of millions, boosting awareness of artists like Ravi Shankar, whom Harrison began studying under that year.[41] Shankar, who provided informal guidance to Harrison, later credited the Beatles with elevating sitar and raga music's visibility in the West, describing himself as the "godfather of world music" for pioneering such global fusions, though he expressed reservations about rock's commercialization of traditional forms.[45] This exchange facilitated Shankar's own international career trajectory, with his album sales and concert bookings surging post-1966 due to the Beatles' endorsement.[46] Viewpoints on this cross-cultural integration vary, with Harrison framing it as authentic spiritual and musical inquiry rooted in his exposure to Shankar's recordings and direct lessons, leading to deeper engagements like the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh.[47] Shankar initially hesitated to associate with rock but ultimately viewed the collaboration positively for disseminating Indian traditions, despite critiquing superficial adoptions by the hippie movement.[37] Modern critiques occasionally label it cultural appropriation for blending sacred ragas with profane lyrics on desire, yet proponents, including Shankar's daughter Anoushka, emphasize the respectful learning process and mutual benefits, countering claims of exploitation given Indian musicians' credits and the resultant global appreciation of their heritage.[48] Academic sources prone to postcolonial lenses may overemphasize power imbalances, but empirical outcomes—such as sustained interest in Indian music evidenced by Shankar's Grammy wins and enduring raga studies in Western conservatories—demonstrate net positive cultural diffusion without diluting source traditions.[49]Covers and adaptations
Notable interpretations
Jim James, performing as Yim Yames, recorded a cover of "Love You To" for his 2009 album Tribute To, a collection honoring George Harrison's post-Beatles compositions, with the track clocking in at 4:21 and emphasizing psychedelic rock elements alongside the original's raga structure.[50] [51] British-Indian band Cornershop included a version on the 2012 tribute compilation Yellow Submarine Resurfaces, infusing their signature bhangra and alternative rock style into Harrison's Indian classical-inspired composition, released as part of a Beatles anniversary project by MOJO magazine.[52] [53] Experimental rock group Bongwater offered an avant-garde reinterpretation titled "Love You Too" on their 1988 EP Double Bummer, stretching the track's experimental boundaries with noise rock and tape manipulation techniques characteristic of the Shimmy Disc label's output.[54] [51] Wait, wrong discogs; for Bongwater: actually from results, but use https://www.allmusic.com/album/double-bummer-mw0000197470 or similar, but to be precise, SecondHandSongs. Ronnie Montrose featured a jazz fusion rendition on his 1986 instrumental album Territory, incorporating vocals and extending the piece within a fusion framework that blends electric guitar improvisation with the song's Eastern modalities, released on Passport Jazz.[55] [56]Modern renditions
In 2009, Jim James, performing as Yim Yames, released a cover of "Love You To" on his Tribute To EP, a collection honoring George Harrison's songwriting.[57] The rendition features a stripped-down acoustic arrangement, substituting banjo for the original sitar to evoke the raga structure while delivering echoed, introspective vocals that heighten the song's meditative quality.[58] This interpretation shifts the focus from Harrison's Eastern instrumentation to a folk-infused minimalism, emphasizing emotional resonance over exoticism.[59] The Sour Notes, an Austin-based indie rock band, offered a contrasting take in 2018 on their covers album This Is Not Our Music.[60] Their version replaces the tabla and sitar with arpeggiated electric guitars and propulsive drums, infusing the track with a droning rock energy that modernizes Harrison's experimental fusion while retaining its hypnotic core.[60] This adaptation transforms the song into a post-rock vehicle, appealing to contemporary audiences through amplified textures absent in the 1966 recording.[61] Other 21st-century renditions include live sitar-led performances by musicians such as Christopher Hale in 2016, which closely replicate Harrison's Hindustani influences using traditional instruments for authenticity in concert settings.[62] Similarly, Greg Wyard's 2019 solo interpretation combines voice and sitar to underscore the song's classical Indian roots in a solo format.[63] These efforts highlight ongoing interest in preserving the track's cross-cultural elements amid niche revivals.Personnel
George Harrison performed lead vocals, sitar, tambura, acoustic guitar, fuzz-tone lead guitar, and rhythm guitar on "Love You To".[2] Paul McCartney provided backing vocals and bass guitar.[2] Ringo Starr contributed tambourine.[2] Indian session musician Anil Bhagwat played tabla, having been recruited by Harrison via the Asian Music Circle in London.[14][64] Additional uncredited contributions included secondary sitar, swarmandal, and tambura, likely performed by other Indian musicians present during the June 1966 overdub sessions at Abbey Road Studios.[2] The track's basic rhythm track was recorded on 11 April 1966 with Harrison on acoustic guitar and McCartney on backing vocals, followed by sitar and tabla overdubs.[2]References
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