Myxophaga
Myxophaga
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Myxophaga

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Myxophaga

Myxophaga is the second-smallest suborder of the Coleoptera after Archostemata, consisting of roughly 112 species of small to minute beetles in four families. The members of this suborder are aquatic and semiaquatic, and feed on algae.

Myxophaga are minute beetles; the largest known species, Delevea namaqua, is only 2.85 mm long. They have several diagnostic features: the antennae are more or less distinctly clubbed with usually fewer than nine segments, mesocoxal cavities are open laterally and bordered by a mesepimeron and metanepisternum, the hind wings are rolled apically in the resting positions. Internally, they are characterised by the presence of six malpighian tubules and the testes are tube-like and coiled.

Beetles of this suborder are adapted to feed on algae. Their mouthparts are characteristic in lacking galeae and having a mobile tooth on their left mandible.

A 2019 phylogenetic study of Coleoptera recovered Myxophaga and Archostemata as two branches of a clade sister to Adephaga. According to the study, Myxophaga originated between the late Carboniferous and the early Triassic.

There are four extant families in the suborder Myxophaga divided between two superfamilies, containing about 112 described species, and at least one extinct family.

Superfamily Lepiceroidea Hinton, 1936

Superfamily Sphaeriusoidea Erichson, 1845

Family †Triamyxidae Qvarnström et al. 2021

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