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A neobank is a type of direct bank that operates exclusively using online banking without traditional physical branches. In contrast to direct banks, in many cases, neobanks do not have their own banking licenses, and instead rely on partner banks.[1][2][3] They typically have lower operational costs, which can sometimes result in lower fees and more competitive interest rates.
The term "neobank" gained popularity in 2019, but term’s origins are older.[4][1] The term is used to describe fintech-based financial providers that were challenging traditional banks. There were two main types of company that provided services digitally: companies that applied for their own banking license and companies in a relationship with a traditional bank to provide those financial services. The former were called challenger banks and the latter were called neobanks.
The term "challenger bank" is used in the UK to refer to fintech banking startups that emerged after the 2008 financial crisis. Their services may be accessed by clients through their respective computers or mobile devices.
Neobanks are operational in Australia and include banks such as Up, Judo Bank, and Alex Bank.[5]
The concept of neobanks was first noted in Bangladesh around 2020.[6][7] These banks would be digital only with customer accounts not connected to any particular branch.[8]
In India, a neobank is a class of digital-only or online bank that operates without physical branch locations.[9] Neobanks often partner with well-established, traditional banks to provide services and adhere to regulations.
Neobanks in India typically offer a range of financial services, including savings accounts, current accounts, debit and credit cards, and other banking services. They focus on providing a seamless and user-friendly digital banking experience to a younger audience, with features like instant account setup, easy money transfers, and expense tracking. Some neobanks also target specific customer segments, such as millennials, and offer features like budgeting tools and investment options to that demographic.
Indian neobanks primarily operate in Indian rupees and may have limited cross-border services. International transactions are often handled in partnerships with traditional banks. Federal Bank has partnered with Jupiter and Fi in the neo-banking space.[10]
Neobanks in Iran are legally digital branches of banks. Central Bank passed a limiting law in 2022 which bans banks from starting mobile "neo" bank apps that have their own core.[11] There are a number of active programs such as Omid Bank, Tobank, Wepod and Zpod Kidzy,[12] Bank Mellat Plus.[13] Iranians need Identity national smart cards and video confirmation to open an account.[14]
Report from Swedish police indicates that neobanks are popular with criminals and are frequently used in criminal transactions.[15][16]
Den som gör en sökning i olika mediedatabaser på ordet neobanker kan notera att de börjar dyka upp runt 2017 i olika tidningar och annan media. Det är emellertid först i år, 2019, som användning av ordet tar fart. Och det på allvar.
Neobanker och deras tjänster är dock också attraktiva för kriminella aktörer som utnyttjar dessa kanaler för att tvätta sina svarta pengar eller för att finansiera allvarlig och grov brottslighet, såsom finansiering av terrorism. Underrättelser vittnar om kriminella aktörer som flitiga användare av neobanker. (transl. However, neobanks and their services are also attractive to criminal actors who use these channels to launder their dirty money or to finance serious and serious crime, such as terrorism. Intelligence reports indicate that criminal actors are frequent users of neobanks.)
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