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PlayStation 3 technical specifications
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The PlayStation 3 technical specifications describe the various components of the PlayStation 3 (PS3) video game console.
Central processing unit
[edit]
The PlayStation 3 is powered by the Cell Broadband Engine, a 64-bit CPU co-developed by Sony, Toshiba and IBM. It includes a 3.2 GHz PowerPC-based Power Processing Element (PPE) and seven Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs).[1] To improve manufacturing yield, the processor is initially fabricated with eight SPEs. After production, each chip is tested, and if a defect is found in one SPE, it is disabled using laser trimming. This approach minimizes waste by utilizing processors that would otherwise be discarded. Even in chips without defects, one SPE is intentionally disabled to ensure consistency across units.[2][3] Of the seven operational SPEs, six are available for developers to use in games and applications, while the seventh is reserved for the console's operating system.[3]
The Cell processor achieves a theoretical maximum of 204.8 GFLOPS in single precision floating point operations and up to 15 GFLOPS double precision.[4]
The PS3 has 256 MB Rambus XDR DRAM, clocked at CPU die speed.[4][5] The PPE has 64 KB L1 cache and 512 KB L2 cache, while the SPEs have 2 MB local memory (256 KB per SPE),[6] connected by the Element Interconnect Bus (EIB) with up to 307.2 Gbit/s bandwidth.
The Cell processor was initially produced on a 90 nm process.[7] It was shrunk to 65 nm in 2007,[7][8] and to 45 nm in 2009.
Graphics processing unit
[edit]
Graphics processing for PlayStation 3 is managed by the RSX Reality Synthesizer, developed by Nvidia and paired with 256 MB of GDDR3 video memory.[5] The RSX graphics processor can output resolutions ranging from standard-definition (480i/576i) up to high-definition (1080p).[9]
The GPU is clocked at 500 MHz and makes use of 256 MB GDDR3 RAM clocked at 650 MHz with an effective transmission rate of 1.3 GHz.[10] The RSX has a floating-point performance of 192 GFLOPS.[11]
The RSX was initially fabricated on a 90 nm process.[12] It received a node shrink to 65 nm in 2008,[13] to 40 nm in 2010,[14] and to 28 nm in 2013.[15]
Configurations
[edit]The PS3 received several component revisions which served to reduce power consumption. This in turn resulted in production savings, lower heat production, lower cooling requirements and quieter operation. Since launch, the Cell processor shrank from 90 nm to 45 nm. The RSX GPU also saw reduction in size over periodic revisions of the PS3.
Major improvements were introduced with the PS3 Slim. It utilizes a 45 nm Cell which results in a 34% reduction in power consumption over the previous 65 nm Cell model;[16] the last Slim model further decreases power consumption with the move to a 40 nm RSX and later 28 nm on the CECH‑43xx models.[17]
| Generation | Storage[18][19] | Encoding | Model[20] | CPU process | GPU process | PS2 compatibility | Front USB | Power supply |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 60 GB | NTSC | CECHAxx | 90 nm | 90 nm | Yes, hardware-based | 4+flash | 380 W |
| 20 GB | CECHBxx | 4 | ||||||
| 2nd | 60 GB | PAL | CECHCxx | Partial, software/hardware-based | 4+flash | |||
| 80 GB | NTSC | CECHExx | 4+flash | |||||
| 3rd | 40 GB | PAL, NTSC | CECHGxx CECHHxx |
65 nm | No, some emulated games available for download | 2 | 280 W | |
| 40 GB | CECHJxx | 65 nm | ||||||
| 80 GB | CECHKxx CECHLxx CECHMxx | |||||||
| 160 GB | CECHPxx CECHQxx | |||||||
| 4th "Slim" | 120/250 GB | CECH‑20xx | 45 nm | 250 W | ||||
| CECH‑21xx | 40 nm | 230 W | ||||||
| 160/320 GB | CECH‑25xx | |||||||
| CECH‑30xx | 200 W | |||||||
| 5th "Super Slim" | 12/250/500 GB | CECH‑40xx | 190 W | |||||
| CECH‑42xx | ||||||||
| CECH‑43xx | 28 nm |
Model numbers
[edit]On all models of the PS3, the last seven characters of the serial number make up the console's model number. This begins with "CECH", followed by a letter indicating what model the system is. The last two characters of the model number indicate what region the system is from.
| Model | Capacity | Release[19] | Regions | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00[21] (JP) | 01[22] (NA) | 02[23] (AU) | 03[24] (UK) | 04[25] (EMEA) | 05[26] (KOR) | 06[27] (SEA) | 07[28] (TW) | 08[29] (RU/IN) | 11[30] (SA) | 12[31] (HK) | |||
| CECHAxx | 60 GB | November 2006 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
| CECHBxx | 20 GB | November 2006 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| CECHCxx | 60 GB | March 2007 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| CECHDxx | 20 GB | Unreleased | |||||||||||
| CECHExx | 80 GB | August 2007 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
| CECHFxx | 80 GB | Unreleased | |||||||||||
| CECHGxx | 40 GB | October 2007 | — | — | |||||||||
| CECHHxx | 40 GB | October 2007 | — | — | |||||||||
| CECHIxx | 40 GB | Unreleased | |||||||||||
| CECHJxx | 40 GB | August 2008 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| CECHKxx | 80 GB | August 2008 | — | ||||||||||
| CECHLxx | 80 GB | October 2008 | — | ||||||||||
| CECHMxx | 80 GB | October 2008 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CECHNxx | 80 GB | Unreleased | |||||||||||
| CECHOxx | 80 GB | Unreleased | |||||||||||
| CECHPxx | 160 GB | October 2008 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| CECHQxx | 160 GB | April 2009 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CECH‑20xxA | 120 GB | September 2009 | |||||||||||
| CECH‑20xxB | 250 GB | October 2009 | |||||||||||
| CECH‑21xxA | 120 GB | March 2010 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| CECH‑21xxB | 250 GB | March 2010 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| CECH‑25xxA | 160 GB | July 2010 | — | — | |||||||||
| CECH‑25xxB | 320 GB | July 2010 | — | ||||||||||
| CECH‑30xxA | 160 GB | July 2011 | — | ||||||||||
| CECH‑30xxB | 320 GB | July 2011 | — | ||||||||||
| CECH‑40xxA | 12 GB | October 2012 | — | — | |||||||||
| CECH‑40xxB | 250 GB | September 2012 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CECH‑40xxC | 500 GB | September 2012 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| CECH‑42xxA | 12 GB | June 2013 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| CECH‑42xxB | 250 GB | June 2013 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CECH‑42xxC | 500 GB | June 2013 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CECH‑43xxA | 12 GB | May 2014 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| CECH‑43xxB | 250 GB | May 2014 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CECH‑43xxC | 500 GB | May 2014 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Connectivity
[edit]| Resolution | Region | Composite | S-Video | Component | D-Terminal | HDMI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 480i | NTSC | |||||
| 480p | NTSC | |||||
| 576i | PAL | |||||
| 576p | PAL | |||||
| 720p | NTSC / PAL | |||||
| 1080i | NTSC / PAL | |||||
| 1080p | NTSC / PAL |
In terms of audio, the PS3 supports outputting up to 7.1 digital audio over HDMI in several codecs including AAC, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, DTS, DTS-HD Master Audio and LPCM at 44.1, 48, 88, 96, 176.4 and 192 kHz. The PS3 slim features an upgraded HDMI chip that allows bitstreaming of lossless codecs to an external receiver, earlier versions had to decode the signal internally before outputting it via LPCM.[33]
In the early 60 and 80 GB configurations, flash memory can also be used, either Memory Sticks; CompactFlash cards; or SD/MMC cards. All models support USB memory devices; flash drives and external hard drives are both automatically recognized. However, they must be formatted with the FAT32 file system.[34]
Early systems (20, 60, and NTSC 80 GB configurations) were equipped with four USB 2.0 ports at the front of the console. All other configurations had just two.
For networking, all models provide one Gigabit Ethernet port, Bluetooth 2.0 support, and except for the original 20 GB configuration, built-in 802.11b/g Wi-Fi.
Physical appearance
[edit]| Model | Dimensions (when laid flat, width × height × depth) | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Original ("Fat") | 325 mm × 98 mm × 274 mm (12.8 in × 3.9 in × 10.8 in)[35] | 5 kg (11 lb) |
| Slim | 290 mm × 98 mm × 290 mm (11.4 in × 3.9 in × 11.4 in) | 3.2 kg (7.1 lb) |
| Super Slim | 290 mm × 60 mm × 230 mm (11.4 in × 2.4 in × 9.1 in)[36] | 2.1 kg (4.6 lb) |
The PlayStation 3 retained the same basic design across its three major hardware revisions, featuring a black plastic shell with a convex top when placed horizontally, or a convex-left side when oriented vertically.
The original ("Fat") model used glossy piano black plastic and featured a logo inspired by the font used in the 2002 Spider-Man film, also produced by Sony. According to PlayStation designer Teiyu Goto, this logo was one of the first design elements selected by SCEI president Ken Kutaragi and helped shape the console's overall aesthetic, which had a glossy piano-black finish and touch-sensitive power and eject buttons.[37]
The font would be abandoned at the introduction of the "Slim" revision in favor of an updated version of the PS2 logo with more curved edges,[38] which was also quieter and more compact than its predecessor.
The "Super Slim" model weighs approximately 25% less than the "Slim" due in part to the slot-loading Blu-ray drive being replaced with a top-load disc reader similar to the original PlayStation's, but with a sliding cover.[39]
Power supply
[edit]All models of the PlayStation console series are equipped with a universal power supply capable of operating on AC input voltages ranging from 100 to 240 V at either 50 or 60 Hz. The original models use a standard IEC 60320 C14 inlet, paired with a region-appropriate C13 power cord. Later revisions, including the "Slim" and "Super Slim" models, utilize a smaller C8 inlet and a corresponding C7 power cord.
The initial internal power supply was rated at 380 W (although power draw only ranged from 170 to 200 W during use),[40] but this was gradually reduced in subsequent hardware revisions, reaching a rating of 190 W in the final "Super Slim" model.
Disc drive
[edit]The PlayStation 3 features an optical disc drive that supports multiple formats, including Blu-ray, DVD, and CD. Region coding is enforced for applicable media types, and support for certain formats vary by hardware revision. Additionally, the console can playback discs with compressed audio files in the MP3, WMA, and ATRAC formats, images in the JPEG format, and videos in the MPEG-4 format.[41]
Blu-ray
[edit]With Blu-ray discs, the drive has a maximum read speed of 2× (72 Mbit/s or 8.58 MB/s).
Supported formats include:[41]
- PlayStation 3 BD-ROM
- BD-ROM
- BD-R
- BD-RE (version 1.0 not supported)
- BD-J (available via firmware update)
DVD
[edit]With DVDs, the drive has a maximum read speed of 8× (86.4 Mbit/s or 10.3 MB/s).
Supported formats include:[41]
- PlayStation 2 DVD-ROM (early models only)
- DVD-ROM
- DVD-R, DVD-RW
- DVD+R, DVD+RW
- AVCHD
- DSD Disc[42]
- Super Audio CD (early models only)[43]
CD
[edit]With CDs, the drive has a maximum read speed of 24× (29.49 Mbit/s or 3.51 MB/s).
Supported formats include:[41]
- PlayStation CD-ROM
- PlayStation 2 CD-ROM (early models only)
- CD-ROM
- CD-R, CD-RW
- CD-DA
Official accessories
[edit]The PlayStation 3 Sixaxis[44] is a controller that is very similar in appearance to that of its predecessors, the DualShock and DualShock 2. The SIXAXIS features finer analog sensitivity;[45] more trigger-like R2 and L2 buttons; a PS ("home") button; and a USB mini-B port for charging the internal battery and for wired play. The PlayStation 3 supports up to 7 simultaneous controllers over Bluetooth.[46] The Sixaxis is named for its ability to detect motion in the full six degrees. The Sixaxis controller which has "Sixaxis" printed on the front of the controller above the charging port, and to the right, does not vibrate.
At its press conference at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced the DualShock 3 (trademarked DUALSHOCK 3), a PlayStation 3 controller with the same function and design as the Sixaxis, but with vibration capability.[47] Hands-on accounts describe the controller as being slightly heavier than the standard Sixaxis controller, and capable of vibration forces comparable to the DualShock 2.[48] It has "DualShock 3" printed on the front right of the controller; in the place where the previous models had "Sixaxis" printed. And "Sixaxis" is now moved to the lower front right of the controller, below the "DualShock 3" printing.
The PlayStation 3 Memory Card Adaptor is a device that allows data to be transferred from PlayStation and PlayStation 2 memory cards to the PlayStation 3's hard disk. The device has a cable that connects to the PS3's USB port on one end, and features a legacy PS2 memory card port on the other end.
Using Bluetooth, the PlayStation 3 BD Remote allows users to control videos and music on Blu-ray Disc and DVD. In Japan, the device was available starting December 7, 2006. The PS3 will accept signals only via its Bluetooth Remote, as the console does not have an infrared receiver; this prevents the use of universal remotes with the system. The Blu-ray Disc movie Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby was included with the initial 400,000 release copies of the PS3 in North America,[49] while the first 500,000 European PlayStation Network activations after launch received a free copy of the Blu-ray release of Casino Royale.[50]
On April 25, 2007, Sony announced the PlayStation Eye. This is an updated version of the PlayStation 2 peripheral, the EyeToy. The camera is capable of capturing 60 frames per second video at 640×480 resolution and 120 frame/s video at 320×240 resolution. The four-channel microphone on the Eye can block out background noise. The camera supports live video chat and voice chat without a headset, and was launched in the United States on October 23, 2007, for US$39.99,[51] and in Australia on November 8, 2007, for A$79.95.[52] It was also bundled with the card game The Eye of Judgment released in the United States on the same day as the camera itself for US$69.99,[53] and in Japan and Australia on October 25, 2007, for JP¥9,980 and A$159.95, respectively.[54][55]
Official PlayStation 3 HDMI and Component AV cables are also available for retail.[citation needed]
Backward compatibility
[edit]All PlayStation 3 models feature backwards compatibility with all titles released for the original PlayStation, while original models (up to the 40 GB CECHCxx/80 GB CECHExx models) featured PlayStation 2 playback. The first two models (CECHA and B) featured an integrated Emotion Engine and Graphics Synthesizer within the PlayStation 3's SoC; the CECHC and E models eschewed the Emotion Engine for an emulated version through the Cell chip, but retained the Graphics Synthesizer. Saving games in PlayStation/PlayStation 2 titles require a virtual memory card to be created by the user; a memory card adapter is available so users can copy their old PS/PS2 game saves to a virtual memory card on the PS3's hard drive.[56] On all consoles, including non-backwards compatible models, select PlayStation 2 titles may also be played as "PS2 Classics", which packages an emulated version of the game through the PlayStation Store. Jailbreaking the console allows the user to play titles that were not released on the PlayStation Store through the same emulation method used by Sony for their PS2 Classics.
The PlayStation 3 does not include interfaces for legacy PlayStation peripherals, though IGN.com tested a legacy controller using a PS2-to-USB adapter, finding that it is compatible, though most other devices (such as the Guitar Hero controller) may not be compatible.[57] However, with the release of firmware 1.70 for the PlayStation 3, Sony has added support for previous Guitar Hero controllers with generic PS2-to-USB adapters (although the whammy bar is not functional). Nyko started production on the "Play Adaptor", a PS2-to-USB adapter allowing for guitars and other PlayStation 2 peripherals to be used on the PlayStation 3 and was scheduled for release in Q2/2007, but Nyko stated at the end of March that the production of this device had been postponed due to compatibility problems with the PS3.[58] The PS3 supports both the USB EyeToy camera/webcam and SOCOM Headset for video and voice chat. The PlayStation 3 can also use Memory Sticks to store and save data for PlayStation and PlayStation 2 software.[59]
See also
[edit]References
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- ^ "Sony PlayStation 3 Cell Processor". North Carolina State University. Archived from the original on December 4, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
- ^ a b Linklater, Martin. "Optimizing Cell Code". Game Developer Magazine, April 2007. pp. 15–18.
To increase fabrication yields, Sony ships PlayStation 3 Cell processors with only seven working SPEs. And from those seven, one SPE will be used by the operating system for various tasks, This leaves six SPEs for game programmer to use.
- ^ a b "Cell Broadband Engine Architecture and its first implementation". IBM developerWorks. November 29, 2005. Archived from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
- ^ a b "E3 2005: PS3 Tech Specs". IGN. May 16, 2005. Archived from the original on September 8, 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
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- ^ a b "IBM Produces Cell Processor Using New Fabrication Technology". X-bit labs. Archived from the original on March 15, 2007. Retrieved March 12, 2007.
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- ^ Shimpi, Anand Lal (May 16, 2005). "Playstation 3's GPU - The Nvidia RSX Reality Synthesizer". AnandTech. Archived from the original on May 12, 2010. Retrieved 2025-04-17.
- ^ "PS3 Graphics Chip Goes 65nm in Fall". Edge Online. June 26, 2008.
- ^ "Sony PS3 upgraded with cooler 40-nm RSX graphics chip, profits await (updated)". Engadget. 2010-04-26.
- ^ "NVIDIA RSX-28nm GPU Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 2025-04-17.
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- ^ "RSX - PS3 Developer wiki". Retrieved 2020-02-09.
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- ^ "PS3 User Manual (French)" (PDF). SCEE. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
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- ^ "Terms & Conditions for "PlayStation 3" in Singapore" (PDF). Sony Computer Entertainment Hong Kong. Retrieved 2008-10-05.[permanent dead link]
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- ^ "Sony PlayStation 3". Interlink.com. Archived from the original on 2012-08-04. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
- ^ "Equipos inscriptos (Spanish)". National Communication Commission. Archived from the original on 2008-12-25. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
- ^ "Terms & Conditions for "PlayStation 3" in Hong Kong" (PDF). Sony Computer Entertainment Hong Kong. Retrieved 2008-10-05.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "PS3 | Video Output Settings". manuals.playstation.net. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
- ^ "PS3 Slim bitsreams Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD MA audio, at last". Engadget. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
- ^ Kiss, Tom (2007-03-25). "USB HDD not working with PlayStation 3? Format as FAT32..." TomKiss.net. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ "New PlayStation3 (CECHH00 Series) Comes in Two Color Variations at a New Price | Press Releases". Scei.co.jp. Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
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- ^ "Kutaragi "insisted" on Spider-Man font for PS3". computerandvideogames.com. March 29, 2007. Archived from the original on January 14, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2008.
- ^ Ashcraft, Brian (August 25, 2009). "Why Sony Ditched The Spider-Man PS3 Font". Kotaku.
- ^ Bakalar, Jeff. "Is the Super Slim PlayStation 3 worth the upgrade?". CNET. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
- ^ "Blu-rayの起爆剤「PLAYSTATION 3」のAV機能を試す。" (in Japanese). AV Watch. 2006-11-11. Archived from the original on 2007-02-17. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
- ^ a b c d "PlayStation 3 "Safety & Support" manual" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
- ^ "PlayStation 3 80 GB model for Mexico 'Safety & Support" manual" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
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- ^ "ACCESSORIES FOR PLAYSTATION3 BECOME AVAILABLE" (PDF) (Press release). Sony Computer Entertainment. 2006-10-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-11. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
- ^ "SCE Announces New Controller for PlayStation3" (PDF) (Press release). Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 2006-05-09. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-05-26. Retrieved 2006-05-24.
- ^ "Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. to Launch Its Next Generation Computer Entertainment System, PlayStation3 in Spring 2006" (PDF) (Press release). Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 2005-05-16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-05-25. Retrieved 2006-05-26.
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- ^ Raby, Mark (2006-10-20). "Sony unveils details of PS3 online services". Tom's Guide Publishing. Archived from the original on 2006-11-08. Retrieved 2007-01-24.
- ^ "Casino Royale for First 500,000 PS3 Registrants". ThreeSpeech.com. Three Speech. 2007-02-12. Archived from the original on 2008-12-27. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
- ^ Stocker, Sarah (October 10, 2007). "PlayStation Eye, A Little More Info..." Blog.US.PlayStation.com. Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
- ^ "PlayStation Eye". au.playstation.com. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
- ^ Valledor, Mark (September 20, 2007). "5 Things You *Don't* Know: THE EYE OF JUDGMENT". PlayStation.Blog. Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
- ^ "The Eye of Judgment(アイ・オブ・ジャッジメント) Biolith Rebellion ~機神の叛乱~". JP.PlayStation.com. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original (Adobe Flash) on 2012-04-01. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
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External links
[edit]Official websites
- Australia • Canada • "Japan" (in Japanese). • United Kingdom • United States
- Auxiliary sites by Sony
Directories
PlayStation 3 technical specifications
View on GrokipediaProcessor and Graphics
Central Processing Unit
The PlayStation 3's central processing unit is the Cell Broadband Engine, a heterogeneous multi-core processor jointly developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM to enable high-performance multimedia and parallel computing tasks. Fabricated on a 90 nm SOI-CMOS process with 234 million transistors and a die size of 221 mm², the chip operates at a clock speed of 3.2 GHz, delivering a theoretical peak performance of 230.4 GFLOPS in single-precision floating-point operations.[8][9] At the heart of the architecture is the Power Processing Element (PPE), a dual-threaded, in-order PowerPC core that serves as the general-purpose controller for the system. The PPE incorporates a VMX (AltiVec) vector unit to support multimedia extensions, enabling efficient scalar and vector processing for operating system tasks and coordination of parallel workloads. Complementing the PPE are eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs), specialized co-processors optimized for data-intensive operations; in the PlayStation 3 implementation, one SPE is disabled to enhance manufacturing yields, leaving seven available for use. Each SPE employs a 128-bit SIMD architecture with 256 KB of local store memory acting as both instruction and data cache, facilitating high-throughput parallel processing without reliance on traditional caching hierarchies.[10][11] The Cell's design emphasizes multimedia processing through its synergistic integration of the PPE and SPEs, connected via the Element Interconnect Bus (EIB), which provides up to 25.6 GB/s of bandwidth to main memory and supports over 100 outstanding DMA requests for efficient data movement. This configuration yields a thermal design power of approximately 200 W for the CPU subsystem, balancing high computational density with power efficiency for console applications.[12][13]Graphics Processing Unit
The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) of the PlayStation 3, known as RSX "Reality Synthesizer," is a custom implementation derived from NVIDIA's G70 architecture, originally featured in the GeForce 7800 GTX series.[14] It operates at a core clock speed of 550 MHz and includes 24 pixel shader units and 8 vertex shader units, also clocked at 550 MHz, enabling unified shader processing for vertex and pixel operations.[14] The RSX supports DirectX 9.0c-level features, including programmable shaders, with additional PS3-specific extensions for optimized rendering in console environments.[15] The GPU is equipped with 256 MB of dedicated GDDR3 memory clocked at 650 MHz (1.3 GHz effective data rate) across a 128-bit memory bus, providing a theoretical bandwidth of 20.8 GB/s.[14] It features 24 texture mapping units (TMUs) and 8 render output units (ROPs), supporting advanced rendering techniques such as 4x multisample anti-aliasing (MSAA) and anisotropic filtering up to 16x for enhanced image quality in games.[15] Theoretical performance metrics include a peak pixel fill rate of 4.4 gigapixels per second and a texel fill rate of 13.2 gigatexels per second, sufficient for handling high-definition graphics at resolutions up to 1080p.[14] The RSX integrates with the Cell Broadband Engine processor via NVIDIA's FlexIO interface, offering up to 20 GB/s of bidirectional bandwidth for data transfer between the GPU and system resources.[15] This connection allows the RSX to access portions of the main system memory—up to 224 MB—for texture caching when local VRAM is insufficient, enabling flexible memory management in resource-intensive applications.[15]Memory and Storage
System Memory
The PlayStation 3 features 256 MB of XDR DRAM as its primary system memory, utilizing Rambus Extreme Data Rate technology clocked at 3.2 GHz to deliver a peak bandwidth of 25.6 GB/s.[16][17] This high-speed volatile memory serves as the main RAM for runtime operations, accessible by the Cell Broadband Engine processor for executing the operating system, game logic, and general CPU tasks.[18] The configuration employs a 64-bit differential signaling bus, with older models using four 64 MB chips and later models incorporating two 128 MB chips, ensuring efficient data transfer across the system.[16] The memory controller is integrated directly into the Cell processor, facilitating seamless management of data flow between the main memory and the processor's components.[19] This integration supports error-correcting code (ECC) functionality, enhancing data reliability by detecting and correcting single-bit errors during operations critical to gaming and system stability.[19] By embedding the controller within the Cell, the architecture minimizes latency in memory access while maintaining high throughput for demanding workloads. System memory is shared between the operating system and applications, with the OS typically reserving up to 64 MB for its core functions, leaving the remainder available for game developers through flexible partitioning schemes.[20] This allocation allows games to dynamically utilize the bulk of the 256 MB for logic processing, asset loading, and CPU-driven computations, though firmware updates over time optimized the OS footprint to as low as 50 MB in later versions.[21] Developers could partition memory to balance needs between the Power Processing Element (PPE) and Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs), promoting efficient resource use in resource-constrained environments. Access patterns to the XDR DRAM are optimized to complement the SPEs' local stores, which act as fast scratchpad memory to hide the higher latency of main memory fetches—typically around 30 ns.[22][18] Data is transferred via direct memory access (DMA) commands, allowing SPEs to process workloads asynchronously while minimizing stalls from main memory delays. This design prioritizes burst-oriented transfers suited to the Cell's vector processing paradigm, with bandwidth occasionally shared for hybrid CPU-GPU tasks in unified rendering scenarios.[22]Hard Disk Drive
The PlayStation 3 incorporates a removable 2.5-inch Serial ATA hard disk drive (HDD) as its main storage component, housing the operating system, installed games, save data, and user media files. Early launch models in 2006 featured 20 GB capacities in the United States and 60 GB in Japan and Europe, while subsequent revisions introduced larger options including 40 GB, 80 GB, 120 GB, 160 GB, 250 GB, 320 GB, and 500 GB to accommodate growing storage demands for digital downloads and media playback. All stock drives operate at 5400 RPM with sequential read and write speeds around 100 MB/s, providing sufficient performance for loading games and streaming content without significant bottlenecks in the era's software ecosystem. The HDD connects via a Serial ATA (SATA I) interface rated at 1.5 Gbit/s (approximately 150 MB/s theoretical maximum), with practical transfer rates for stock drives around 100 MB/s due to rotational speed and encoding overhead. User upgradeability is a key feature, allowing replacement with compatible 2.5-inch SATA drives up to 9.5 mm in height; original "fat" models require tools and partial disassembly for access, whereas Slim and Super Slim variants support tool-less swaps via an accessible side bay for easier maintenance and capacity expansion. To replace the HDD without losing installed games, save data, or other user content, users can utilize the built-in Backup Utility to create a full backup on a compatible USB mass storage device (formatted in FAT32 with sufficient capacity). The process involves connecting the USB drive, navigating to Settings > System Settings > Backup Utility to perform the backup, shutting down the console, replacing the 2.5-inch SATA HDD (using tools for original models or tool-less access for Slim/Super Slim variants), booting the console with the new drive, reinstalling the system software from a USB drive containing the PS3UPDAT.PUP file downloaded from Sony's website, and then restoring the backup to recover all preserved data, including game installations and saves.[23][24][25] In models supporting software-based backward compatibility with PlayStation 2 titles, the HDD stores essential emulation data and assets to enable gameplay. Security is enforced through full-disk hardware encryption using AES-128, with keys derived from and tied to the console's unique serial number, preventing unauthorized data access if the drive is removed or the system is compromised. This encryption applies across all PS3 variants, ensuring protected storage for licensed content and user files.Flash Memory
The PlayStation 3 employs 256 MB of NAND flash memory in its initial fat models (such as CECHA/B/C/E/G series) to store essential system components, including the primary operating system (GameOS), recovery OS for troubleshooting and updates, and cache data like game saves, patches, and temporary files. This non-volatile storage ensures rapid access to critical software without relying on the slower hard disk drive during startup or recovery scenarios. In subsequent slim and super slim models, the NAND is replaced by a 16 MB NOR flash configuration, maintaining compatibility while reducing size for cost efficiency, though the core storage functions remain analogous.[26][27] The NAND flash operates through two 128 MB chips interleaved via a dedicated bridge chip, presenting a unified storage block to the system; this setup supports the console's security architecture by encrypting firmware partitions to prevent tampering. Wear-leveling algorithms distribute write operations evenly across the flash cells to mitigate degradation over time, while built-in error correction code (ECC) detects and repairs bit errors, both managed by the integrated controller in the South Bridge I/O processor. These mechanisms are vital for the flash's endurance, given its frequent use in system operations.[27][28] In the boot process, the South Bridge initializes by loading the hypervisor and initial bootloader directly from the flash memory, establishing the chain of trust before the Cell processor activates and accesses the HDD for additional resources. This flash-based initial load enables quick recovery modes, such as safe mode, independent of the main storage drive. A supplementary small serial NOR flash chip (typically 64 KB SPI interface) handles low-level BIOS functions and security keys, ensuring secure hardware authentication during power-on. The flash also supports hybrid caching with the HDD, buffering small, high-access data for improved performance.[29][30]Optical Disc Drive
Blu-ray Capabilities
The PlayStation 3 features a dedicated Blu-ray Disc read-only drive as a core component, enabling high-definition media playback and game loading with capacities supporting up to 25 GB on single-layer BD-ROM discs and 50 GB on dual-layer variants. The drive employs a blue-violet laser operating at a wavelength of 405 nm, which allows for higher data density compared to DVD's red laser, facilitating the storage of advanced audiovisual content. This hardware is integral to the console's role as an early adopter of Blu-ray technology, certified under BD-ROM Profile 1.0 for compatibility with standard Blu-ray specifications.[31] Drive design varies across PS3 models to balance form factor and reliability: the original "fat" models (CECHA/B series) utilize a motorized slot-loading mechanism for seamless disc insertion, while the Slim models (CECH-20xx/30xx series) adopt a motorized slot-loading mechanism for easier maintenance and reduced mechanical failure rates. Super Slim models (CECH-40xx/42xx series) revert to a passive slot-loading design without motorized assistance, requiring manual disc insertion to minimize power consumption and noise. All variants maintain consistent Blu-ray read performance at a maximum of 2× constant angular velocity (CAV), delivering up to 72 Mbit/s (approximately 9 MB/s), sufficient for smooth playback of high-bitrate content without buffering issues in typical use.[31] Content protection is handled through integration with the console's Cell Broadband Engine CPU, where firmware implements AACS decryption keys—updated periodically via system software to counter key revocation—and emulates the BD+ virtual machine for advanced anti-piracy measures.[32] This software-firmware approach ensures ongoing compatibility with evolving Blu-ray standards, including read support for BD-R and BD-RE media, though the drive lacks native write functionality for these formats.[33]DVD and CD Support
The PlayStation 3 optical disc drive ensures backward compatibility with standard-definition DVD and CD media by incorporating secondary laser systems alongside its primary Blu-ray functionality, allowing the console to function as a versatile media player for legacy formats. This design enables seamless playback of DVD videos, audio CDs, and data discs without requiring additional hardware, maintaining support across all PS3 models from launch through later revisions.[34] DVD reading capabilities include support for DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM discs, with a maximum read speed of 8x (approximately 11.08 MB/s). CD support covers CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, audio CDs, Video CDs (VCD), and Super Video CDs (SVCD), achieved at a maximum read speed of 24x (approximately 3.6 MB/s). These speeds apply to the constant linear velocity (CLV) mode, prioritizing reliable data retrieval for gaming, video playback, and music.[35][36][31] The drive's laser assembly integrates three distinct diodes into a compact unit: a red laser operating at 650 nm wavelength for DVD reading, an infrared laser at 780 nm for CD reading, and a blue-violet laser at 405 nm for Blu-ray, facilitating multi-format handling within the same mechanical structure. This triple-laser configuration contributes to the drive's efficiency in switching between disc types.[37] While the internal drive is strictly read-only for DVDs and CDs, the PS3 lacks native writing support for these formats; users must rely on external USB-connected optical drives for burning operations.[36]Input/Output Interfaces
Connectivity Ports
The PlayStation 3 (PS3) provides a range of physical connectivity ports for attaching peripherals, external media, and display devices, with configurations varying across its hardware revisions to balance functionality and design efficiency. Early "fat" models, such as the 60 GB CECHAxx and CECHBxx variants, featured four USB 2.0 ports on the front panel alongside integrated memory card slots supporting SD (including SDHC in updated firmware), Memory Stick (standard/Duo/PRO), and CompactFlash (Type I/II) formats for direct data transfer from cameras and other devices. Some 80 GB fat models (e.g., CECHE series) also included four USB ports and memory card slots, while later 80 GB and 160 GB fat models had only two front USB 2.0 ports and no card slots—a change carried over to all Slim (CECH-20xx/30xx/40xx series) and Super Slim (CECH-42xx/43xx series) models to streamline the chassis. Slim models have the two USB ports on the right side, while Super Slim models have them on the front.[2][38][39] The USB 2.0 ports operate at high-speed rates up to 480 Mbps and support a wide array of peripherals, including DUALSHOCK 3 controllers for wired play and charging, external hard drives for storage expansion, USB keyboards and mice for navigation, and digital cameras for photo/video import via the system's media browser. All models limit simultaneous USB device support to seven, prioritizing power delivery for controllers (up to 500 mA per port) while preventing overload from high-draw devices like multiple external drives. The Super Slim model's ports remain consistent with two front USB 2.0 slots across regions, though some PAL variants omit minor legacy features without impacting core connectivity.[40][41][42] On the rear panel, connectivity is uniform across all PS3 models, featuring a single HDMI 1.3a port capable of transmitting uncompressed 1080p video and multi-channel audio to compatible displays, including support for Deep Color and x.v.Color standards. The AV Multi Out port offers analog video connectivity via composite, S-Video, or component (Y Pb Pr) cables, enabling compatibility with older televisions while providing progressive scan output up to 1080p for enhanced picture quality. Digital audio is handled through an optical (TOSLINK) S/PDIF output for surround sound passthrough. A Gigabit Ethernet RJ-45 port (10BASE-T/100BASE-TX/1000BASE-T) facilitates stable wired internet access for online gaming and media streaming. The rear also includes a standard AC power inlet and a Kensington lock slot for securing the console against theft in shared environments.[43][2][44]Networking Features
The PlayStation 3 incorporates a Gigabit Ethernet interface compliant with 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 1000BASE-T standards, enabling full-duplex wired connectivity for online gaming and media streaming. This port utilizes a Marvell Ethernet controller, such as the 88E6108-LAR1 in early models, which handles data transfer rates up to 1 Gbps while supporting auto-negotiation for optimal link speeds.[34][45] Wireless networking is provided through built-in IEEE 802.11b/g Wi-Fi in all models except the initial 20 GB configuration, operating on the 2.4 GHz band with maximum theoretical speeds of 54 Mbps under 802.11g. These models, including the Slim and Super Slim variants, integrate the Wi-Fi module directly, eliminating the need for external adapters in most cases. For enhanced performance, 802.11n compatibility (2.4 GHz, up to 300 Mbps) can be achieved via compatible USB wireless adapters connected to the console's USB ports.[34][2] Bluetooth connectivity supports version 2.0 + EDR across all models, facilitating wireless pairing with up to seven controllers or peripherals simultaneously for low-latency input and audio transmission. Security features include WPA2-PSK encryption for Wi-Fi networks, ensuring protected wireless access, along with compatibility for MAC address filtering implemented on the user's router.[34][46]Audio and Video Output
Video Specifications
The PlayStation 3 supports video output via HDMI up to 1080p resolution at 60 Hz, including 1080i, 720p, and 480p in NTSC regions, or 576p in PAL regions, with full HDCP compliance to enable protected content playback such as Blu-ray discs.[44] Later PS3 models, starting from the CECH-3000 series, require HDMI for high-definition Blu-ray video output to adhere to AACS standards via HDCP, though games remain compatible with other outputs.[47] For analog connections, the PS3 uses component video (YPbPr) to deliver high-definition signals up to 1080p resolution for games and non-protected content, or 1080i for protected Blu-ray video, alongside 720p and standard-definition 480p or 576p modes, providing progressive and interlaced formats suitable for HDTVs without digital rights management restrictions.[44] In PAL regions, RGB SCART output is available through the AV Multi connector, offering enhanced color accuracy over composite but limited to lower resolutions compared to HDMI or component for HD content.[48] Supported frame rates include 24 fps for cinematic content like Blu-ray films, 30 fps and 60 fps for progressive scan video, and corresponding interlaced rates of 60i or 50i, all at fixed refresh rates without variable refresh rate (VRR) support to maintain compatibility with contemporary displays. The PS3 supports stereoscopic 3D output via HDMI for compatible games and Blu-ray content, enabled by system software updates version 3.30 (for games) and 3.50 (for Blu-ray 3D) in 2010.[49][50] HDMI outputs can embed audio signals alongside video for simplified connectivity.[44] The RSX 'Reality Synthesizer' GPU drives video rendering and processing, performing hardware-based upscaling from lower resolutions to 1080p, deinterlacing for interlaced sources like DVDs, and 10-bit deep color output over HDMI for improved color depth in supported media.[51][52][53]Audio Processing
The PlayStation 3's audio processing is integrated into its Cell Broadband Engine central processing unit, which handles decoding and output tasks without a dedicated audio chipset. This setup supports hardware decoding for standard surround sound formats such as Dolby Digital 5.1 and DTS 5.1, enabling efficient playback of compressed audio streams from games, Blu-ray discs, and other media.[54][55] For high-definition lossless formats, the PS3 relies on software decoding implemented through system firmware updates, including support for Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio up to 7.1 channels. These formats are decoded into Linear Pulse Code Modulation (LPCM) for output, preserving audio quality without native bitstream passthrough on early models; later "Slim" models added HDMI bitstream capability for these codecs. The system supports up to 7.1-channel LPCM output, providing immersive surround sound for compatible content.[56][57][58] Audio outputs include HDMI for uncompressed 7.1-channel LPCM or bitstream transmission (up to 7.1 channels on supported models) and optical/coaxial S/PDIF for compressed formats limited to 5.1 channels. Sample rates are configurable at 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz natively, with upsampling options to higher rates like 88.2 kHz or 176.4 kHz for enhanced processing, and bit depths of 16-bit or 24-bit depending on the source material. Audio output synchronizes with video signals via HDMI to maintain lip-sync in multimedia playback.[59][58][60]Models and Configurations
Hardware Variants
The PlayStation 3 launched in 2006 with the original "Fat" models, available in configurations with 20 GB or 60 GB hard disk drives. These launch models incorporated hardware-based backward compatibility for PlayStation 2 games, achieved through dedicated Emotion Engine and Graphics Synthesizer chips integrated into the system. Later fat variants included 80 GB options, which lacked this hardware and instead offered limited software emulation for select PS2 titles. Power consumption during operation typically ranged from 200 to 215 W, reflecting the larger chassis and higher thermal output of the initial 90 nm process for both Cell and RSX processors, with later fat revisions using 65 nm for the RSX.[5][34][61] In 2009, Sony introduced the Slim series (CECH-2000 designation), which featured a redesigned, more compact chassis with hard disk drive capacities starting at 120 GB and extending up to 250 GB. The Slim utilized a 45 nm process for the Cell processor, enabling a 34% reduction in power consumption compared to the original models, paired with a 250 W power supply unit. Backward compatibility for PlayStation 2 titles was eliminated in favor of software emulation on select games, and the cooling system was improved with a quieter fan design to address noise complaints from the Fat era.[62][63][64] The Super Slim variant, released in 2012 under the CECH-4000 series, further refined the design with hard disk drive options from 12 GB (flash memory in entry-level models) to 500 GB, emphasizing cost efficiency and portability. It adopted a 28 nm process for the RSX graphics processor, contributing to lower power draw via a 200 W power supply, and switched to a top-loading slot-loading optical drive for reduced thickness and weight—approximately 25% lighter than the Slim at around 2.1 kg. Like the Slim, it lacked hardware PlayStation 2 support, relying on software methods.[65][66][67] Early Fat models were particularly susceptible to the Yellow Light of Death (YLOD), a hardware failure manifested as a blinking red light accompanied by three yellow LEDs, often resulting from overheating that caused solder joint degradation on the motherboard. All PS3 variants benefited from ongoing firmware updates for stability and security, with the final major release being version 4.92 in 2025.[68][25][69]Model Identification
The PlayStation 3 consoles are identified primarily through their model numbers, which are printed on a label located on the back of the system near the barcode sticker. These model numbers begin with "CECH" and are followed by letters and numbers that denote the hardware generation, storage capacity, and regional variant. For instance, early "fat" models include CECHA for the 60 GB version released in North America and Japan, and CECHB for the 20 GB version in those regions. European fat models are designated as CECHC or CECHE, while 80 GB variants use codes like CECHG, CECHL, or CECHP depending on the market. Slim models follow the CECH-20xx series, and Super Slim models use the CECH-40xx and CECH-42xx series.[38][26][70] Region codes are embedded in the last two digits of the model number, aligning with Blu-ray region standards: "00" or "01" for Region A (North America and Japan), "05" for Region B (Europe), and "08" or similar for Region C (Asia and other areas). These codes help determine compatibility with region-locked media and software. Additionally, manufacturing date codes appear on the same label in a format indicating the year and production quarter, such as "6A" for the first quarter of 2006, allowing users to assess the console's age for potential hardware reliability issues.[71][72][73] The 11-digit serial number, also on the rear label, serves for warranty verification, support inquiries, and online registration with Sony. The FCC ID, a regulatory identifier for radio frequency compliance, is printed nearby on the label and varies by model—for example, AK8CECHA1 for early fat models or XCET12NA28K for Slim variants—useful for repair parts sourcing or legal compliance checks. A notable regional variation is the PS3i subset targeted at the Indian market (e.g., CECHG04I), which omits built-in Wi-Fi to lower costs while retaining other 80 GB fat model features.[74][70][38]Power and Physical Design
Power Supply
The original PlayStation 3 models utilized an internal power supply unit (PSU) rated at 380 W for early variants, supporting AC input voltages of 100–240 V at 50/60 Hz to accommodate global regions, though actual power draw during normal operation ranged from 170–200 W. Later fat models achieved lower consumption of 120–140 W under typical loads due to component revisions such as 65 nm Cell and 90 nm RSX process shrinks, while retaining similar PSU ratings around 380 W. The PlayStation 3 Slim, introduced in 2009, featured a more compact 250 W PSU with improved efficiency. Sony claimed power consumption reduced to approximately two-thirds of the original 60 GB model, but independent measurements indicate actual maximum draw around 100 W—about half the original's ~200 W—while idle usage is 70–90 W compared to the fat models' 170 W.[62][75] This redesign contributed to lower operational heat, managed through a single fan system for dissipation. Most models feature universal 100–240 V input, though some early fat variants are 220–240 V only.[76] The Super Slim variant, released in 2012, employed a further refined 190 W PSU (a 24% reduction in rating from the Slim's 250 W) with auto-voltage adjustment across 100–240 V, enabling seamless operation without regional adapters. Actual idle power for Super Slim units typically falls to 40–60 W, enhancing energy efficiency for prolonged use. These progressive optimizations across models prioritized reduced electricity demands and heat output, with cooling via a single fan in Slim and Super Slim chassis (earlier fat models used a more complex fan setup).Dimensions and Appearance
The PlayStation 3 console was produced in three primary hardware revisions—the original "Fat," "Slim," and "Super Slim" models—each featuring distinct physical dimensions, weights, and exterior designs that evolved to prioritize compactness, heat dissipation, and user ergonomics while maintaining a sleek, modern aesthetic suitable for home entertainment setups. The original "Fat" model, launched in 2006, measures 325 mm in width, 98 mm in height, and 274 mm in depth (WHD), with a weight of approximately 5 kg.[77] This bulky design incorporates glossy piano black plastic construction and curved edges, giving it a premium, curved profile that emphasizes its role as a multimedia powerhouse. Later variants of the Fat model, such as the 40 GB version, were slightly lighter at around 4.4–4.7 kg but retained the same overall dimensions.[35] Introduced in 2009, the "Slim" model significantly reduces the footprint to 290 mm in width, 65 mm in height, and 290 mm in depth (WHD), weighing 3.2 kg for improved portability without compromising functionality.[78] It shifts to a matte black finish to minimize visible fingerprints and scratches, paired with a piano black accent strip along the top for subtle contrast, and supports both horizontal and vertical placement via an optional stand.[79] The "Super Slim" model, released in 2012, further streamlines the design to 290 mm in width, 60 mm in height, and 230 mm in depth (WHD), with a weight of 2.1 kg, making it the lightest and most space-efficient iteration.[77] This version maintains a matte finish but introduces a perforated top panel with ventilation slots for better airflow and a slimmer, more angular profile that integrates seamlessly into modern AV racks. The 12 GB flash-based models omit the HDD but retain similar dimensions and weight. Across all models, LED indicators provide clear status feedback: the power LED illuminates green during normal operation and red in standby mode, the disc eject button glows when active, and USB ports feature individual lights to indicate charging or connected devices.[80] Port placements vary slightly by model, with front-facing USB ports and power/eject buttons for easy access, while rear panels house HDMI, Ethernet, and AV outputs.[80]| Model | Dimensions (W x H x D, mm) | Weight (kg) | Key Appearance Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fat | 325 x 98 x 274 | 5.0 | Glossy piano black plastic, curved edges |
| Slim | 290 x 65 x 290 | 3.2 | Matte finish, optional stand support |
| Super Slim | 290 x 60 x 230 | 2.1 | Perforated top for ventilation, slimmer profile |
