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Queen Victoria - Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901

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03.04.25
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Overview

Queen Victoria, born Alexandrina Victoria, was a pivotal figure in British history, reigning as the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. Her reign, known as the Victorian era, was marked by significant industrial, political, scientific, and military changes, as well as the vast expansion of the British Empire. Here is a timeline of her life, highlighting key events and milestones that defined her reign and personal life.
Main Milestones
Birth
24 May 1819
Queen Victoria was born at Kensington Palace, London, to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. At the time of her birth, she was not expected to ascend to the throne, but the deaths of her father and her three uncles without legitimate heirs would eventually lead to her succession.
Accession to the Throne
20 June 1837
Following the death of her uncle, King William IV, Victoria became the Queen of the United Kingdom at the age of 18. This marked the beginning of her reign, which would last for 63 years and 216 days. She was informed of her new status early in the morning and began her reign with determination and calmness, despite her young age.
Marriage to Prince Albert
10 February 1840
Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace, London. The marriage was arranged but evolved into a deep and loving partnership. Prince Albert became a significant political adviser and companion to the Queen, and they had nine children together.
Family and Assassination Attempts
1840-1857
During the early years of her marriage, Victoria faced several assassination attempts, including one by Edward Oxford in 1840. Despite these threats, she and Prince Albert had nine children, with their eldest daughter, Princess Victoria, born on 21 November 1840. The family played a crucial role in European royal connections, earning Victoria the nickname 'the grandmother of Europe'.
Death of Prince Albert
14 December 1861
Prince Albert died from typhoid fever, plunging Victoria into deep mourning. This period of seclusion led to a temporary rise in British republicanism, but her popularity eventually recovered. The loss of her husband marked a significant change in her public life and reign.
Proclamation as Empress of India
1 January 1877
The British parliament voted to grant Victoria the title of Empress of India, reflecting the vast expansion of the British Empire during her reign. This title underscored her role as the monarch of the largest empire the world had ever known.
Golden and Diamond Jubilees
20 June 1887 and 22 June 1897
These celebrations marked the 50th and 60th anniversaries of Victoria's accession to the throne. The jubilees were times of great public celebration and reinforced her status as a national icon and symbol of British stability and power.
Death
22 January 1901
Queen Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, aged 81, after suffering a series of strokes. She was succeeded by her son, Edward VII, marking the end of the House of Hanover and the beginning of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (later renamed the House of Windsor).

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Assassination Attempts and SecurityAssassination Attempts and SecurityColonial and Imperial AffairsColonial and Imperial AffairsDeath and LegacyDeath and LegacyEarly Life and AccessionEarly Life and AccessionMarriage and Family LifeMarriage and Family LifePolitical Influence and ReignPolitical Influence and ReignPublic Life and CelebrationsPublic Life and CelebrationsRelationship with John BrownRelationship with John BrownSocial and Educational ReformsSocial and Educational ReformsWidowhood and Later LifeWidowhood and Later Life
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