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Quingnam language
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Quingnam
Yunga Pescadora?
Native toPeru
Regionnorth-central coast
EthnicityChimú
Extinct16th century?
unclassified
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottologquig1235
Extent of Quingnam/Pescadora before replacement by Spanish
  Quingnam language area in the Bishopric of Trujillo, the city of Trujillo is shown as the main representative place of this language

The Quingnam language (also misspelled Quignam) was a pre-Columbian language that was spoken by the Chimú people, who lived in the former territories of the Mochicas: an area north of the Chicama Chao River Valley. At the height of Chimú conquests, the language was spoken extensively from the Jequetepeque River in the north, to the Carabayllo (near present-day Lima) in the south.

Fishermen along the Chimú coast spoke a language called Lengua Pescadora (fisherman language) by Spanish missionaries, and disambiguated as Yunga Pescadora by linguists; this may be the same as Quingnam. A report by Antonio de la Calancha indicates that Pescadora and Quingnam were the same language, but Pescadora was more "guttural".[1] A letter found during excavations at Magdalena de Cao Viejo in the El Brujo Archaeological Complex includes a list of decimal numerals which may be Quingnam or Pescadora, but they are not Mochica.[2]

The Quingnam language became extinct shortly after the arrival of the conquistadors. The core Chimú city, Chan Chan, was in the vicinity of the new Spanish city of Trujillo and became overwhelmed by it, with people needing to pick up the language of the conquerors for trade and survival.

Numerals

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Below are numerals from an early 17th-century manuscript found at Magdalena de Cao (Quilter et al. 2010,[3] as transcribed by Urban 2019[4]). Although the manuscript does not indicate which language the numerals belong to, Quingnam is assumed as it is the most likely candidate based on location and other clues[which?]:[4]

Numeral Form
‘1’ chari
‘2’ marian
‘3’ apar
‘4’ tau
‘5’ himic (?)
‘6’ sut (?)
‘7’ canchen
‘8’ mata
‘9’ yucan
‘10’ bencor
‘21’ maribencor chari tayac
‘30’ apar bencor
‘100’ chari pachac
‘200’ mari pachac

The numerals tau (4), sut (6), canchen (7), and pachac (100) are loanwords from a variety of Quechua II.[4]

See also

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References

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