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Reintegrationism
Reintegrationism (reintegracionismo, Galician: [rejnteɣɾaθjoˈnizmʊ, -asjo-], European Portuguese: [ʁɛ.ĩtɨɣɾɐsjuˈniʒmu]), or Lusism, is a linguistic movement in Galicia that advocates for the recognition of Galician and varieties of the Portuguese language as a single language. Reintegrationists argue that the different dialects of Galician and Portuguese should be classified as part of the Galician-Portuguese language, rather than two languages within a common branch. The largest reintegrationist association is the Galician Language Association (AGAL).
The reintegrationists also claim that the official orthography of the Galician language, regulated by the Royal Galician Academy, is too Castilianized and artificially separates it from the northern varieties of Portuguese. However, the Spanish influence on Galician dates back to centuries prior to standardization, namely the Dark Centuries, when Galician lost its official recognition and stopped being a written language, thus becoming the spoken language of the lower classes in the region. During the Rexurdimento, many Galician authors initially found that they did not know how to write Galician, since it did not have a standard form yet. The current Galician grammar is thought to have been influenced by the Spanish one since it could have been seen as a crucial step for recognition within the Spanish state.[citation needed]
The Galician Language Association (Reintegrationist Galician: Associaçom Galega da Língua) was founded in 1981 under the name "Estudo crítico das normativas ortográficos e morfolóxicas do idioma galego" and officially published its own standard grammar in 1983,[citation needed] which closely resembles the grammar of Old Galician-Portuguese and thus the modern varieties of Portuguese. The main goal of the association is to reinsert Galician, especially in its written form, in a Galician–Portuguese–Brazilian diasystem.
In writing, the most obvious differences from the official norm (NOMIGa) are (according to AGAL):
Galician members of the European Parliament (such as José Posada, Camilo Nogueira and Xosé Manuel Beiras) have used spoken Galician when addressing the chamber and have used standard Portuguese orthography to encode their Galician speech. In all cases, these interventions and encodings have been accepted by the Parliament as a valid form of Portuguese, that is, an official language of the European Union.
Furthermore, members of Galician reintegrationist associations have been regularly present at meetings of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries. In 2008, Galician delegates were invited as speakers to the Portuguese Parliament when discussing the new spelling norms for the Portuguese language.
The majority of the Galician population was educated in Spanish only (as official use of Galician was rare or even absent for centuries,[page needed][page needed]especially in Francoist Spain).
In this fashion, it is argued that Galician would be faithful to its history and etymology and subsequently its written norm would be more scientific and precise.[citation needed] Thus, it would allow Galician speakers to have direct access to a world culture and it would also clarify some spelling problems of the isolationist norm (for example in terms of stress).
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Reintegrationism
Reintegrationism (reintegracionismo, Galician: [rejnteɣɾaθjoˈnizmʊ, -asjo-], European Portuguese: [ʁɛ.ĩtɨɣɾɐsjuˈniʒmu]), or Lusism, is a linguistic movement in Galicia that advocates for the recognition of Galician and varieties of the Portuguese language as a single language. Reintegrationists argue that the different dialects of Galician and Portuguese should be classified as part of the Galician-Portuguese language, rather than two languages within a common branch. The largest reintegrationist association is the Galician Language Association (AGAL).
The reintegrationists also claim that the official orthography of the Galician language, regulated by the Royal Galician Academy, is too Castilianized and artificially separates it from the northern varieties of Portuguese. However, the Spanish influence on Galician dates back to centuries prior to standardization, namely the Dark Centuries, when Galician lost its official recognition and stopped being a written language, thus becoming the spoken language of the lower classes in the region. During the Rexurdimento, many Galician authors initially found that they did not know how to write Galician, since it did not have a standard form yet. The current Galician grammar is thought to have been influenced by the Spanish one since it could have been seen as a crucial step for recognition within the Spanish state.[citation needed]
The Galician Language Association (Reintegrationist Galician: Associaçom Galega da Língua) was founded in 1981 under the name "Estudo crítico das normativas ortográficos e morfolóxicas do idioma galego" and officially published its own standard grammar in 1983,[citation needed] which closely resembles the grammar of Old Galician-Portuguese and thus the modern varieties of Portuguese. The main goal of the association is to reinsert Galician, especially in its written form, in a Galician–Portuguese–Brazilian diasystem.
In writing, the most obvious differences from the official norm (NOMIGa) are (according to AGAL):
Galician members of the European Parliament (such as José Posada, Camilo Nogueira and Xosé Manuel Beiras) have used spoken Galician when addressing the chamber and have used standard Portuguese orthography to encode their Galician speech. In all cases, these interventions and encodings have been accepted by the Parliament as a valid form of Portuguese, that is, an official language of the European Union.
Furthermore, members of Galician reintegrationist associations have been regularly present at meetings of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries. In 2008, Galician delegates were invited as speakers to the Portuguese Parliament when discussing the new spelling norms for the Portuguese language.
The majority of the Galician population was educated in Spanish only (as official use of Galician was rare or even absent for centuries,[page needed][page needed]especially in Francoist Spain).
In this fashion, it is argued that Galician would be faithful to its history and etymology and subsequently its written norm would be more scientific and precise.[citation needed] Thus, it would allow Galician speakers to have direct access to a world culture and it would also clarify some spelling problems of the isolationist norm (for example in terms of stress).