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Rob Grange
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Rob Grange
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Key Information

Rob Grange (born 1950) is an American bassist, best known for his work with psychedelic rock band The Amboy Dukes and with Ted Nugent, as well as his unique phase bass lines in the song "Stranglehold".[1][2]

Career

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Sonny Hugg

[edit]

Grange was a member of Sonny Hugg, a Michigan early progressive rock group that released one single in 1970 on Silo Records in Lansing, Michigan. It was a cover tune titled "Daybreak" and was written by Richard Zehringer, later known as Rick Derringer of The McCoys. Sonny Hugg was composed of Craig Marsden on lead vocals and guitar, Barry Best on keys and vocals, Rob Ross on drums, and Grange on bass.[3]

The Amboy Dukes

[edit]

In June 1971, Grange (vocals, bass) became a member of the rock band Ted Nugent and The Amboy Dukes with Nugent (guitar), John Angelos (lead vocals) and Joe Vitale (drums), the latter replaced in January 1972 by K.J. Knight (drums, vocals). In March 1972, Angelos left the band and was replaced by Danny Gore (lead vocals, rhythm guitar). In October 1972, Knight and Gore left the band, the former being replaced by Vic Mastrianni (vocals, drums).

In 1973, the band recorded an album titled Call of the Wild with the help of session men Andy Jezowski (vocals) and Gabriel "Gabe" Magno (organ Hammond B-3, piano, synthesizer, flute). Magno also went on the road with the band, but after a few gigs, they decided to drop having a live keyboard player and went back to a three piece lineup.[4]

In 1974, the band released the album Tooth Fang & Claw. Soon after, Mastrianni left the band, replaced by Brian Staffeld (drums), and by late 1974, Derek St. Holmes (vocals, rhythm guitar) joined the band. At this point Nugent dropped The Amboy Dukes name and the band became The Ted Nugent Band.

Ted Nugent

[edit]

Grange and the other members did not want to be considered a backing band and one of the conditions of St. Holmes joining them was it would be treated like a collective band. They toured as The Ted Nugent Band and, in 1975, they went into the studio to do their first album, which at the time was unnamed, for Epic Records.

At this point, David Krebs of Leber & Krebs Management, who also managed Aerosmith, convinced Nugent to drop the "band" and just call it "Ted Nugent". This was a total surprise to the "band" and it was the beginning of the end. The nucleus of Grange, Derek St. Holmes, and Cliff Davies for songwriting, as well as arranging, was forever broken. In 1978, three years later and with four platinum albums titled Ted Nugent, Free-for-All, Cat Scratch Fever and Double Live Gonzo!, Grange and St. Holmes moved on to form a new rock band, St. Paradise, because Nugent did not want a "band concept". In Martin Popoff's book Epic Ted Nugent, Nugent admits that the song "Stranglehold" was co-written by Grange, yet he never received a share for co-writer.[1][2] Their last concert together as the original lineup was Cal Jam 2 on March 18, 1978.[5]

Discography

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Main albums with Ted Nugent

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1975 Ted Nugent Ted Nugent (Epic Records)*

1976 Ted Nugent Free-for-All (Epic Records)*

1977 Ted Nugent Cat Scratch Fever (Epic Records)*

1978 Ted Nugent Double Live Gonzo! (Epic Records)*

1993 Ted Nugent Out of Control (Epic Records)

Contains previously unreleased songs with vocals by Derek St. Holmes "Street Rats" (alternate version – original vocals by Meat Loaf) and "Magic Party"

Compilations 1981 Ted Nugent Great Gonzos (Epic Records)**

St. Paradise

[edit]

Grange and St. Holmes moved forward with a new band called St. Paradise featuring Denny Carmassi of Montrose on drums and John Corey later of the 1994 reunion of The Eagles on keyboards. They released one eponymous album for Warner Bros. in 1979, before splitting up. The LP album BSK 3281 contained the following nine tracks:[6]

Track Title Composed Time
1 "Straight To You" St. Holmes 3:52
2 "Gamblin' Man" Eric Kaz 2:56
3 "Jackie" Carmassi, Grange & St. Holmes 3:43
4 "Miami Slide" St. Holmes 3:36
5 "Hades" Grange 4:01
6 "Live It Up" St. Holmes & Nugent 3:30
7 "Jesse James" Carmassi, Grange & St. Holmes 4:52
8 "Tighten The Knot" St. Holmes 5:06
9 "Beside The Sea" St. Holmes 5:23

2010 Dallas International Guitar Festival

[edit]

Grange, St. Holmes and Nugent were reunited on stage after more than 30 years at the festival and played "Just What The Doctor Ordered" from their first album Ted Nugent and the classic Chuck Berry tune "Johnny B Goode" featuring blues guitar legend Bugs Henderson.[7][8]

dukEX to GRANGE

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"dukEX"[9] is a new project with Rob Grange – Bass (Sonny Hugg, Amboy Dukes, Ted Nugent, St. Paradise), Danny Gore – Guitars/Keyboards (Ormandy, Amboy Dukes), and Matt Bowers – Drums (Kill Betty, PRS Band and Derek St Holmes). Martin Popoff described dukEX as "Duke X" is some cool, proggy vibes. Modern, super hi-fi recording...... this is really interesting instrumental writing." Martin Popoff[2]

In the summer of 2020, Rob Grange and Danny Gore produced and released a new project called GRANGE, due to the name dukEX being used by so many other people on YouTube.

Equipment

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Stranglehold Bass

Grange plays early Fender basses, circa '56–'62. In 1973, he was the first documented bassist to modify his '62 Fender Precision bass by adding a Pre-CBS Fender Jazz pickup, a configuration later to be known as a "P/J" bass. This resulted in adding highs to the tone. He took this a step further and added a toggle switch and an "out of phase" switch. This bass became known as the "Stranglehold Bass". It wasn't until the 80s that Fender picked up on this popular trend and produced their first Fender P/J basses.

His favorite live bass was a vintage '56 Fender P-Bass. Grange also obtained a Sunn Amp from John Paul Jones of Led Zeppelin, which he used in his live concert rig. He used an 8-String Hagstrom Bass on "Snakeskin Cowboys". Grange wrote the main phase bass for Stranglehold and used an early MXR "Script" Phase 90 and an Ampeg B-18 in the studio. Grange also plays a Sadowsky Metro P/J, black finish with a maple neck.[10]

References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Rob Grange

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from Grokipedia
Rob Grange (born 1950) is an American bassist and vocalist, born in , renowned for his innovative contributions to in the , particularly as a member of the band The Amboy Dukes and as the longtime bassist for Ted Nugent's band. Grange joined The Amboy Dukes following lineup changes in the early , providing bass and vocals on key albums such as Tooth, Fang & Claw (1974) and (1974), where he also contributed uncredited songwriting to several tracks. In 1975, he transitioned to Ted Nugent's solo band, serving as the primary through 1978 and delivering fluid, effects-driven performances that defined the group's sound on albums including the self-titled debut Ted Nugent (1975), Free-for-All (1976), (1977), and the live double album Double Live Gonzo! (1978). He is especially celebrated for originating the iconic phased bass line in "Stranglehold," the opening track of Nugent's 1975 debut album, which he crafted using an early pedal on a custom-modified , influencing generations of rock bassists despite initial resistance from Nugent himself. Grange's distinctive style, incorporating phasers and eight-string basses like the Hagström H8 on tracks such as "Snakeskin Cowboys," earned praise from peers including Metallica's , who cited him as an influence alongside and . Following his tenure with Nugent, Grange played on the short-lived St. Paradise's self-titled album (1979) and has since pursued other ventures, including occasional reunions with former bandmates and work on a detailing his career.

Early life

Upbringing in Flint

Rob Grange was born in 1950 in , a quintessential industrial hub of the American Midwest during the post-World War II era. The city, dominated by (GM) since the early 20th century, experienced a boom from 163,413 in 1950 to 196,940 in 1960, driven by the auto industry's expansion that provided abundant blue-collar employment opportunities. This socioeconomic landscape, characterized by manufacturing prosperity and a strong union presence, fostered a working-class that influenced many residents' formative experiences, including Grange's exposure to labor-intensive roles from a young age. In his early years, Grange immersed himself in Flint's industrial workforce, taking jobs in the GM shops, on the Grand Trunk Railroad, and at West Amps, where he assembled guitar and bass amplifiers. These positions reflected the city's reliance on automotive and related sectors, which employed nearly 90 percent of local earnings tied to GM and in the . Such environments, amid the economic optimism of the transitioning to early signs of in the , contributed to Grange's practical skills and worldview rooted in hands-on labor and regional resilience. While specific details on his formal education remain undocumented in public records, Flint's public school system during this period emphasized vocational training aligned with the auto industry's needs, potentially shaping non-musical interests in mechanics and craftsmanship that paralleled his later career path.

Musical beginnings

Rob Grange grew up in , during the 1960s, a period when the city fostered a vibrant scene influenced by , sounds, and emerging acts. Local venues like hosted major concerts featuring artists such as and , , and early performances by future stars like of , providing young residents with direct exposure to live music and inspiring musical aspirations. In his younger years, Grange worked in General Motors shops and on the Grand Trunk Railroad while developing an interest in music, eventually focusing on the bass guitar as his primary instrument. He acquired his initial bass and pursued informal, self-directed learning, practicing extensively to emulate styles from 1960s rock recordings amid the local cultural milieu. By the late 1960s, while employed on graveyard shifts at a Flint Chevrolet plant, Grange began participating in non-professional playing experiences that laid the groundwork for his technical proficiency. These early endeavors culminated around 1970, when Grange transitioned to working at West Amps under builder David West, constructing cabinets for guitar and bass amplifiers used by bands, which further immersed him in the regional music ecosystem and supported his skill development through hands-on involvement.

Career

Early bands

Grange's entry into professional music came with the Michigan-based band Sonny Hugg around 1970, where he served as bassist, vocalist, and songwriter. The group, formed in the Flint area, featured Craig Marsden on lead vocals and guitar, Barry Best on keyboards and vocals, and Rob Ross on drums, blending psychedelic and elements typical of the regional scene. Sonny Hugg's sole recording, the 7-inch single "Daybreak" backed with "," was released in 1970 on the local Silo Records label out of . Written by Richard Zehringer (BMI) and S. Hugg (BMI) respectively, the tracks captured the band's experimental sound, with "Daybreak" highlighting Grange's contributions on bass and possible backing vocals during live performances. This release stands as Grange's recording debut, providing an early showcase for his skills in a nascent professional context before broader opportunities arose. Leading up to 1971, Grange participated in various minor local and regional band experiences across Michigan, building on his foundational musical development in the Flint music community.

The Amboy Dukes

Rob Grange joined The Amboy Dukes in August 1971 as the band's , forming part of the lineup alongside on , Joe Vitale on , and John Angelos on lead vocals and harmonica. This marked a transitional phase for the group, following the departure of previous bassist Greg Arama earlier that year and the release of their live album . The band's lineup continued to evolve through the early 1970s, with Grange providing continuity amid frequent changes. In early 1972, Vitale and Angelos departed, replaced by drummer K.J. Knight and vocalist/guitarist Danny Gore; later that year, Gore was succeeded by session contributors Andy Jezowski on vocals and Gabriel Magno on keyboards, while Vic Mastrianni took over on drums. These shifts reflected ongoing instability, but Grange's steady presence helped solidify the rhythm section as the group toured extensively and refined its hard rock sound. Grange's key contributions came on the albums Call of the Wild (1973) and Tooth, Fang & Claw (1974), where he provided prominent bass lines, backing vocals, and co-arrangements alongside Nugent. His playing added a driving foundation to tracks like "Call of the Wild" and "The Flying Lip Lock," enhancing the band's raw energy and psychedelic edges. During this era, dynamics increasingly revolved around Nugent's leadership, with billing evolving to "Ted Nugent and the Amboy Dukes" by 1971 to emphasize his role as the primary songwriter, performer, and creative force after years of member turnover.

Ted Nugent era

In 1975, following the end of the Amboy Dukes, formed a new backing band retaining only Rob Grange from the prior lineup, alongside vocalist and guitarist and Cliff Davies. This configuration marked the start of Nugent's most commercially successful phase, blending high-energy with Nugent's signature guitar prowess. Grange played a key role on the band's self-titled debut album Ted Nugent, released in September 1975, where he contributed to the recording of the sprawling opener "Stranglehold." Although not officially credited, Grange co-wrote the track's iconic riff and structure, a contribution later acknowledged by Nugent in interviews. The album's raw energy and extended jams helped establish the band's reputation for intense live performances. The group continued with Free-for-All in 1976 and Cat Scratch Fever in 1977, both featuring Grange's driving bass lines that underpinned Nugent's aggressive style and St. Holmes's soaring vocals. These studio efforts were complemented by the double live album Double Live Gonzo! in 1978, capturing the band's onstage ferocity. Throughout 1975–1978, they maintained an exhaustive touring schedule of 200–300 shows annually, including opening slots for acts like and Rush, and a headline appearance at the festival on March 18, 1978, before an audience of over 350,000. The era propelled Nugent to stardom, with the band's albums achieving multiple platinum certifications and contributing to over 30 million records sold across Nugent's catalog by the mid-2010s.

Later projects

After departing from Ted Nugent's band in 1978, Rob Grange co-formed the hard rock group St. Paradise with vocalist and guitarist Derek St. Holmes. The duo, both former members of Nugent's ensemble, recruited drummer Denny Carmassi from Montrose to complete the core lineup, with Grange contributing bass and backing vocals. The band released a self-titled debut album in 1979 on Warner Bros. Records, produced at Kaye-Smith Studios in Seattle, marking Grange's primary musical endeavor immediately following his Nugent tenure. In April 2010, Grange reunited onstage with Nugent and St. Holmes for a performance at the International Guitar Festival, their first joint appearance in over three decades. The set, which closed the festival at , featured classics like "Just What the Doctor Ordered" and highlighted the enduring chemistry from their collaborations. Grange launched the songwriting and production project dukEX in the early with Danny Gore, a fellow former Amboy Dukes member, and drummer Matt Bowers. By summer , due to naming conflicts, the initiative was renamed GRANGE, focusing on original rock compositions co-written by Grange and Gore. The duo continued releasing tracks digitally, including "Hangin' Tree" in , emphasizing Grange's bass-driven songwriting without formal full-band tours. Documentation of Grange's independent work post-1978 remains sparse beyond these efforts, with reports indicating he largely stepped back from full-time to pursue ventures in , , and while maintaining occasional playing. No major additional collaborations surfaced in public records up to 2025.

Discography

Ted Nugent collaborations

Rob Grange served as the bassist for 's early solo , contributing to and arrangements across four key releases from 1975 to 1978. His playing provided a solid foundation for Nugent's high-energy sound, often emphasizing driving bass lines that complemented the guitarist's extended solos. Grange also participated in songwriting, notably co-authoring the iconic track "Stranglehold" on the debut , though he received no official royalty credit despite Nugent's later acknowledgment of the collaboration. On the self-titled debut album Ted Nugent (1975), Grange handled all bass duties, laying down the grooves for tracks like "Stormtroopin'," "," and the epic opener "Stranglehold." His prominent bass line in "Stranglehold"—featuring a distinctive phase-shifted effect created with an early pedal and an amplifier—adds a swirling, psychedelic texture that underscores the song's nearly nine-minute length. The album's production, captured at The Sound Pit in Bellevue, , highlighted the band's raw energy, with Grange's contributions helping to establish Nugent's post-Amboy Dukes identity. Grange is credited solely for bass, while most were written by Nugent, except for co-arrangements on select tracks involving the full band. For Free-for-All (1976), Grange again played bass on every track, including the title song and "Dog Eat Dog," while sharing arrangement credits with Nugent, , and Cliff Davies. This album marked a step up in production polish, recorded at in New York, where Grange's steady low-end support allowed Nugent to explore more aggressive riffs. Guest appearances, such as on lead vocals for several tracks including "Free-for-All," did not diminish Grange's core role in the band's sound. Songwriting remained dominated by Nugent, with band arrangements enhancing the material's intensity. Grange's final studio album with Nugent was Cat Scratch Fever (1977), where he provided bass and shared arranging duties alongside Davies, St. Holmes, and Nugent. Tracks like the hit title song and "Wang Dang Sweet Poontang" showcase his rhythmic precision, recorded at Quadradial Studios in Chicago and The Sound Pit. Backing vocals from guests like Boz Burrell added layers, but Grange's bass work anchored the proceedings. All songs were penned by Nugent, with the band's collective arrangements shaping the album's gritty vibe; this release solidified Nugent's commercial breakthrough before Grange's departure. The live double album Double Live Gonzo! (1978), recorded during the band's 1977-1978 tours at various venues including the Seattle Center Coliseum and the Joe Freeman Coliseum in , features Grange on bass throughout, capturing the group's onstage ferocity on extended versions of "Stranglehold," "," and "Gonzo." His performances emphasize the improvisational bass fills that energized Nugent's solos. No formal songwriting credits apply to this release, as it draws from prior material, and it serves as a for the original lineup including Grange. No verified unreleased studio recordings from Grange's tenure with Nugent have surfaced, though bootleg live tapes from the era document his bass work in concert settings.

St. Paradise

St. Paradise was formed in 1978 by former bandmates and Rob Grange, who recruited drummer (ex-Montrose) to complete the lineup. The trio released their self-titled debut and only album, St. Paradise, in 1979 on Warner Bros. Records. The band featured St. Holmes on guitar and lead vocals, Grange on bass and backing vocals, and Carmassi on drums and backing vocals. Grange contributed significantly to the songwriting, earning sole credit for "Hades" and co-writing "Jackie" with St. Holmes and Carmassi, as well as "" with the full band. The album's nine tracks blended with classic influences, including a cover of Ted Nugent's "Live It Up" (co-credited to St. Holmes and Nugent). Produced and engineered by Mike Flicker (known for work with Heart and Trooper), the album was recorded at Kendun Recorders in Burbank, California, with mastering by John Golden. Despite the pedigreed lineup and solid production, St. Paradise underperformed commercially, failing to chart and leading to the band's quick dissolution after its release.

Solo and reunion works

In April 2010, Rob Grange reunited with and for a live performance at the International Guitar Festival, marking their first onstage collaboration in over 30 years. The trio performed "Just What the Doctor Ordered," delivering a high-energy set that highlighted their chemistry from the 1970s Ted Nugent band era. This one-off reunion underscored Grange's enduring ties to his former collaborators, though no further joint recordings emerged from the event. Following a period of relative inactivity in music, Grange launched the collaborative dukEX in early 2020 alongside guitarist and keyboardist Danny Gore, a fellow former member of the Amboy Dukes. Recorded at Gore Range Studios in , the duo focused on original songwriting, blending rock influences with introspective themes; early demos included tracks like "Down to the Crossroads" and "Now She's Gone," which were shared via video previews ahead of a planned digital release. Due to naming conflicts with other entities, the rebranded as GRANGE later that summer, emphasizing the songwriting partnership between Grange on bass and Gore on . Under the GRANGE moniker, the duo released their debut album, One Mo' Ride, in May 2021 through CD Baby distribution. The album features seven tracks showcasing Grange's signature bass grooves alongside Gore's riff-driven compositions, including "One Mo Ride," "Down by the Jetty," and "Woodward at 9 Mile," which evoke Detroit's musical heritage with a modern edge. Additional material, such as "Kewpee Double Deluxe" and "Surfin' the Vortex of Orion," appeared on their dedicated YouTube channel, providing acoustic and full-band renditions that extended the project's reach without formal live tours. As of 2025, GRANGE remains Grange's primary independent endeavor, with no additional solo albums or side projects documented beyond this collaboration.

Playing style and equipment

Technique and influences

Grange's bass playing is characterized by a solid, driving style that anchored the high-energy sound of Ted Nugent's band during the 1970s, providing rhythmic foundation beneath Nugent's explosive guitar work. In songwriting, Grange demonstrated a collaborative approach, co-authoring material that blended elements from his Amboy Dukes tenure with Nugent's raw intensity, though he often received limited formal recognition for these efforts. A prime example of Grange's technique appears in "Stranglehold," where his bass line delivers a pulsating, phased groove—created using an pedal—that sustains the song's extended structure and interlocks tightly with the rhythm section, emphasizing endurance and groove over flashy solos. This track highlights his ability to maintain fluidity and momentum in long-form compositions, a hallmark of his style rooted in the energetic rock scene of the late and early . Grange's influences drew from the vibrant Detroit-area music landscape, including the gritty rock traditions of bands like and the Amboy Dukes' own psychedelic explorations, as well as broader rock precedents that shaped the local sound. He has been recognized within bass communities as influential "royalty" for his foundational role in , inspiring later players like Metallica's . His legacy includes elevating the bass's prominence in ensembles, though disputes over credits—such as his uncompensated co-writing of "Stranglehold," as acknowledged by Nugent—underscore challenges in attribution during that era.

Signature gear

Rob Grange's signature gear reflects his preference for vintage Fender basses modified for enhanced tonal versatility, alongside robust amplification suited to high-volume rock performances. Throughout his career, he has favored instruments that deliver punchy, sustaining tones, often customizing them to achieve specific sounds for recordings and tours. One of Grange's earliest instruments was a white bass, which he used to audition and join the Amboy Dukes in 1971. This short-scale bass provided the raw, aggressive tone characteristic of his entry into the band's sound. During his tenure with Ted Nugent from 1975 onward, Grange relied heavily on Fender Precision and Jazz Bass models, particularly early 1956–1962 examples for their warm, fundamental-driven response. He modified a 1962 Fender Precision Bass by adding a pre-CBS Jazz Bass pickup, creating one of the earliest P/J configurations—a setup that blended the Precision's thump with the Jazz's brighter articulation. This custom instrument, known as the "Stranglehold Bass," featured an ash body for lightweight resonance, a dried-out construction for enhanced sustain, and a brass nut upgrade; it was central to the iconic phased bass line on Nugent's 1975 track "Stranglehold," processed through an early MXR Script Phase 90 pedal. For broader sonic exploration, Grange employed a , notably on Nugent's "Snakeskin Cowboys" from the same 1975 album, allowing extended range and octave effects in live and studio settings. In amplification, Grange powered his 1970s rigs with a wall of bass amps, known for their high headroom and ability to cut through dense guitar stacks during tours with Nugent. These setups, often blonde-faced cabinets he helped build while working at West Amps in , from 1970, emphasized raw power and stage volume. He also acquired a amp directly from Led Zeppelin's , integrating it into his concert configuration for added reliability. Grange's gear evolved from the straightforward of his Amboy Dukes days to the customized Fender P/J hybrids of the Nugent era, prioritizing modifications for phase effects and sustain, while maintaining amplification for consistent high-gain projection into his later projects.

References

  1. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/rob-grange-mn0000231202
  2. https://www.discogs.com/artist/667176-Rob-Grange
  3. https://robgrangebass.com/
  4. https://www.al.com/life/2023/05/im-ted-nugent-music-without-the-politics-classic-rock-icon-says.html
  5. https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/ted_nugent_talks_writing_classic_song_on_bass_guitar__his_top_bass_lines_names_guitarist_who_could_do_things_van_halen_couldnt.html
  6. https://www.guitarworld.com/features/jason-newsted-metallica-black-album-interview-1991
  7. https://www.mlive.com/news/flint/2017/09/heres_how_flint_went_from_boom.html
  8. https://www.mycitymag.com/flint-through-the-decades-part-6-change-is-gonna-come-1960-1969/
  9. https://www.mlive.com/news/flint/2019/09/sherwood-forest-remembered-for-huge-1960s-70s-rock-concerts-is-for-sale.html
  10. https://www.allmusic.com/birthplace/flint-mi-mz0000032289
  11. https://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/local/2015/11/27/david-west-who-built-amps-michigan-rockers-dies/76118322/
  12. https://www.discogs.com/artist/3444975-Sonny-Hugg
  13. https://www.discogs.com/release/12069831-Sonny-Hugg-Daybreak
  14. http://rockprosopography102.blogspot.com/2010/08/amboy-dukes-family-tree.html
  15. https://www.classicrockhistory.com/complete-list-of-the-amboy-dukes-band-members/
  16. https://www.discogs.com/master/402609-Ted-Nugent-The-Amboy-Dukes-Call-Of-The-Wild
  17. https://www.discogs.com/master/212612-Ted-Nugents-Amboy-Dukes-Tooth-Fang-Claw
  18. https://www.classicrockreview.com/2020/09/1975-ted-nugent/
  19. https://battleforthehill.fandom.com/wiki/Ted_Nugent
  20. https://medialoper.com/certain-songs-2648-ted-nugent-stranglehold/
  21. https://michiganrockandrolllegends.com/hall-of-fame/artists/383-ted-nugent
  22. https://www.guitars101.com/threads/ted-nugent-1978-03-18-cal-jam-ii-fm-flac.163707/
  23. https://www.readingeagle.com/2014/07/27/with-a-new-album-ted-nugent-is-jamming-again/
  24. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/st-paradise-mn0001009550
  25. https://www.discogs.com/release/15780469-St-Paradise-St-Paradise
  26. https://www.discogs.com/release/10896510-St-Paradise-St-Paradise
  27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxinERvK_0Y
  28. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wq5ZKpTnw44
  29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbIKZEcPg5U
  30. https://genius.com/Ted-nugent-stranglehold-lyrics
  31. https://blabbermouth.net/news/ted-nugent-on-his-classic-song-stranglehold-its-more-powerful-today-than-it-was-when-it-was-released-in-1975
  32. https://www.discogs.com/master/92055-Ted-Nugent-Ted-Nugent
  33. https://www.discogs.com/master/92033-Ted-Nugent-Free-For-All
  34. https://mljs.evilnickname.org/meatloaf/guestappearances/freeforall.html
  35. https://www.discogs.com/master/92028-Ted-Nugent-Cat-Scratch-Fever
  36. https://ultimateclassicrock.com/ted-nugents-cat-scratch-fever-turns-35/
  37. https://www.discogs.com/master/92030-Ted-Nugent-Double-Live-Gonzo
  38. https://www.tednugent.com/discography/double-live-gonzo/
  39. https://www.nolifetilmetal.com/tednugentboots.htm
  40. https://www.discogs.com/master/390071-St-Paradise-St-Paradise
  41. https://www.discogs.com/release/15937326-St-Paradise-St-Paradise
  42. https://tower.com/products/st-paradise-st-paradise
  43. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvdaq8ulhc
  44. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoDrxXY6_RA
  45. https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/woodward-at-9-mile/JlBZRzBEAnI
  46. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-zo9IKnNRZzzynChHZinPw
  47. https://www.amazon.com/Motor-City-Madhouse-Going-Nugent/dp/1908724595
  48. https://www.talkbass.com/threads/rob-granges-tone-on-stranglehold.573441/
  49. https://screamermagazine.com/interviews/ted-nugent-puckerbrushtanglezone/
  50. https://www.talkbass.com/threads/rob-grange-made-his-own-break-into-the-history-books.1561822/
  51. https://equipboard.com/pros/rob-grange
  52. https://wheatblog.com/2019/07/the-pj-bass/
  53. https://www.flyguitars.com/interviews/davekiswiney5.php
  54. https://www.guitarplayer.com/gear/how-the-tiny-amp-brand-behind-grand-funk-railroads-potent-hard-rock-sound-became-a-force-to-be-reckoned-with
  55. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWoWK4EjJFc
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