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Robert Underwood Johnson
Robert Underwood Johnson (January 12, 1853 – October 14, 1937) was an American writer, poet, and diplomat.
Robert Underwood Johnson was born on Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C. on January 12, 1853, and spent his childhood in Centerville, Indiana. His brother Henry Underwood Johnson became a member of Congress from that district (1881–1889). His father, Nimrod Hoge Johnson, was a lawyer and judge. His mother, Catherine Coyle Underwood, was a suffragette. He was schooled in Calvinist Presbyterianism by his uncle by marriage, the Reverend Charles H. Raymond, who served as chargé d'affaires of the Republic of Texas at Washington before its admission as a state of the Union and by Quakerism of the Johnsons.
He attended the Quaker Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, beginning at age fourteen and graduated with a B.S. in 1871. Johnson's first work was as a clerk in Chicago, Illinois, agency of the educational books of Charles Scribner's Sons, and in 1873 he entered the firm's New York office, beginning his long connection with The Century Magazine, then Scribner's Monthly, under Josiah Gilbert Holland. The Century Magazine was directed at political, religious, artistic, and social opinion leaders. One of his first major projects for Scribner was the editing of "Century War Series" (1883) and the subsequent four volumes Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (1887–88), to raise circulation (by 100,000), was a series on the great battles of the Civil War from the point of view of officers on both sides based on accounts sourced from soldiers' family records. Johnson secured four papers from General Ulysses S. Grant, which later formed the basis of Grant's Memoirs.
He married Katharine McMahon in Washington, DC, on August 31, 1876. They had a son, Owen McMahon Johnson (1878–1952), who became an American writer in his own right, and a daughter, Agnes McMahon Johnson (1880–1968). After their honeymoon, which included attendance at the Philadelphia Exhibition, the couple relocated to the Murray Hill neighborhood in New York City. While in New York City, Johnson's love of nature and exploration extended to outings and ramblings. He was surrounded by social friends for musical and literary evenings and consumed all art forms, including opera and theater. His friends from the US and abroad included Tommaso Salvini, Paderewski, the Clemenses, Kipling and Eleonora Duse. By the 1890s, Johnson and his wife became friends with the inventor Nikola Tesla, for whom Johnson wrote a poem. He also collaborated with Tesla transliterating Serbian poems by Jovan Jovanović Zmaj in The Century Magazine.
Johnson was a proponent of the establishment of international copyright protections. As secretary of the American Copyright League, he helped pass the Law of 1891, for which the French and Italian governments decorated him. The silver fruit stand honoring his role is in the Academy of Arts & Letters collection.[citation needed] Johnson's role in the creation, initial passage, and reauthorization of the act to end intellectual piracy in the US ranged from his position at The Century as an officer of the Copyright League, lobbying Members of Congress, participation in a conference to secure support from labor unions, negotiating with the Congressional conference committee. Johnson was called the father of international copyright law.[citation needed]
Johnson advocated for the forest reservation system and a scientific national conservation policy.[citation needed] In 1889, after Johnson and naturalist John Muir met in San Francisco, the two camped out together at Soda Springs, in Yosemite Valley; subsequently, in a letter, Johnson encouraged Muir to "start an association" to help protect California's natural wonders, especially the Yosemite – his repeated urging eventually inspired the formation of the Sierra Club in 1892.
Leveraging the influence of The Century in conjunction with Muir, Johnson was one of the driving forces behind the creation of Yosemite National Park in California in 1890 and 1913. He served as chairman of a national commission for preserving that area and is credited with writing the bill.[citation needed] Muir dedicated his book The Yosemite to Johnson.
Johnson also persistently, though vainly, opposed the city of San Francisco, California's acquisition of the Hetch-Hetchy Valley as a reservoir. In 1906, in letters to President Theodore Roosevelt, he proposed a conference of governors to conserve the forests of the Eastern states, which grew into the White House Conference on Conservation.
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Robert Underwood Johnson
Robert Underwood Johnson (January 12, 1853 – October 14, 1937) was an American writer, poet, and diplomat.
Robert Underwood Johnson was born on Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C. on January 12, 1853, and spent his childhood in Centerville, Indiana. His brother Henry Underwood Johnson became a member of Congress from that district (1881–1889). His father, Nimrod Hoge Johnson, was a lawyer and judge. His mother, Catherine Coyle Underwood, was a suffragette. He was schooled in Calvinist Presbyterianism by his uncle by marriage, the Reverend Charles H. Raymond, who served as chargé d'affaires of the Republic of Texas at Washington before its admission as a state of the Union and by Quakerism of the Johnsons.
He attended the Quaker Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, beginning at age fourteen and graduated with a B.S. in 1871. Johnson's first work was as a clerk in Chicago, Illinois, agency of the educational books of Charles Scribner's Sons, and in 1873 he entered the firm's New York office, beginning his long connection with The Century Magazine, then Scribner's Monthly, under Josiah Gilbert Holland. The Century Magazine was directed at political, religious, artistic, and social opinion leaders. One of his first major projects for Scribner was the editing of "Century War Series" (1883) and the subsequent four volumes Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (1887–88), to raise circulation (by 100,000), was a series on the great battles of the Civil War from the point of view of officers on both sides based on accounts sourced from soldiers' family records. Johnson secured four papers from General Ulysses S. Grant, which later formed the basis of Grant's Memoirs.
He married Katharine McMahon in Washington, DC, on August 31, 1876. They had a son, Owen McMahon Johnson (1878–1952), who became an American writer in his own right, and a daughter, Agnes McMahon Johnson (1880–1968). After their honeymoon, which included attendance at the Philadelphia Exhibition, the couple relocated to the Murray Hill neighborhood in New York City. While in New York City, Johnson's love of nature and exploration extended to outings and ramblings. He was surrounded by social friends for musical and literary evenings and consumed all art forms, including opera and theater. His friends from the US and abroad included Tommaso Salvini, Paderewski, the Clemenses, Kipling and Eleonora Duse. By the 1890s, Johnson and his wife became friends with the inventor Nikola Tesla, for whom Johnson wrote a poem. He also collaborated with Tesla transliterating Serbian poems by Jovan Jovanović Zmaj in The Century Magazine.
Johnson was a proponent of the establishment of international copyright protections. As secretary of the American Copyright League, he helped pass the Law of 1891, for which the French and Italian governments decorated him. The silver fruit stand honoring his role is in the Academy of Arts & Letters collection.[citation needed] Johnson's role in the creation, initial passage, and reauthorization of the act to end intellectual piracy in the US ranged from his position at The Century as an officer of the Copyright League, lobbying Members of Congress, participation in a conference to secure support from labor unions, negotiating with the Congressional conference committee. Johnson was called the father of international copyright law.[citation needed]
Johnson advocated for the forest reservation system and a scientific national conservation policy.[citation needed] In 1889, after Johnson and naturalist John Muir met in San Francisco, the two camped out together at Soda Springs, in Yosemite Valley; subsequently, in a letter, Johnson encouraged Muir to "start an association" to help protect California's natural wonders, especially the Yosemite – his repeated urging eventually inspired the formation of the Sierra Club in 1892.
Leveraging the influence of The Century in conjunction with Muir, Johnson was one of the driving forces behind the creation of Yosemite National Park in California in 1890 and 1913. He served as chairman of a national commission for preserving that area and is credited with writing the bill.[citation needed] Muir dedicated his book The Yosemite to Johnson.
Johnson also persistently, though vainly, opposed the city of San Francisco, California's acquisition of the Hetch-Hetchy Valley as a reservoir. In 1906, in letters to President Theodore Roosevelt, he proposed a conference of governors to conserve the forests of the Eastern states, which grew into the White House Conference on Conservation.
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