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Roeselare
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Roeselare (Dutch: [ˈrusəˌlaːrə] ⓘ; West Flemish: Roeseloare; French: Roulers [ʁulɛʁs]) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Roeselare proper and the towns of Beveren, Oekene and Rumbeke.
Key Information
The name of the city is derived from two Germanic words meaning "reed" and "open space", i.e., a marsh in a forest glade. Roeselare's minor seminary is famous for having hosted the famous Flemish poets Guido Gezelle, Albrecht Rodenbach and missionary Jesuit Constant Lievens. The city is also home to the Rodenbach brewery.
History
[edit]Origins and Middle Ages
[edit]Traces of early dwellings have been found in the area, including prehistoric flint tools, Gallo-Roman wells, and a small 9th century Frankish building. The first mention of Roslar dates from a document dated 821 or 822, whereby the former domain of the Menapii, also called the Rollare villa in later documents, was given to Elnon Abbey. According to legend, Baldwin Iron Arm, Count of Flanders, kidnapped Judith, the daughter of Charles the Bold in 862 in Senlis and brought her to a fortress that used to be where the present Rumbeke Castle stands. The Roeselare area soon became part of the County of Flanders. The rights to build fortifications and to hold a public market date from 957, during the lordship of Baldwin III.
The city received its charter of freedoms in the mid-13th century, period in which it also built its first city hall and belfry. The manufacturing of cloth was then the main driver of the local economy. The few defensive walls that the city had were no match against the forces of Maximilian of Austria, who utterly destroyed the city at the end of the 15th century. The market hall and Saint Michael church were rebuilt in the year 1500.
16th century to Waterloo
[edit]The center of Roeselare belonged throughout history to the Fiefdom of Wijnendale and therefore fell under the responsibility of the House of Cleves in the 15th and 16th century and under the Dukes of Palatinate-Neuburg in the 17th and 18th century.
The 16th century proved to be disastrous for the city as the Spanish rulers ruthlessly repressed any desire for autonomy in the Low Countries, both political and religious. Iconoclasts stormed the city in 1566 and destroyed most of the sacred art. The Eighty Years' War that followed put an end to the wool supply from England, which in turn resulted in the disappearance of the cloth industry in Roeselare. Starting with the reigns of Archdukes Albert and Isabella, the beginning of the 17th century was a lot kinder to Roeselare. New churches and religious houses were built and old ones repaired. New schools also appeared in the city and the cloth industry found a new life. The second half of the century, however, was marked by the wars of Louis XIV and Marshal Turenne against the Spanish, with further plundering and misery. The Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678 made Roeselare a border city, a situation that encouraged smuggling rather than regular economic development.
The 18th century was a generally prosperous period that saw the construction of the current city hall. In 1794, the area was the scene of a French victory over the Austrians. The victors imposed deep reforms on the country, such as a new legal system (the Napoleonic Code) and the curtailment of religious freedoms, which lasted until the Concordat of 1802 between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII.
Modern era
[edit]
Several members of the Rodenbach family of Roeselare took part in the events leading to Belgian Independence in 1830. Other members of the family became soldiers or diplomats. Pedro and Alexander founded the brewery which is still in operation today. The general economy, however, did not fare very well as mechanization displaced many small artisans. The advent of the railway and the digging of a canal linking the city to the river Lys in the 1860s were beneficial. World War I stopped the economic boom in its tracks as the city became a large camp ground for the German troops fighting on the front lines in neighbouring Diksmuide. By the end of the war, two thirds of the city was destroyed due to British bombing.[3] The Transport Office of the Devastated Territories of West Flanders was set-up in Spanjestraat 56 after the war.
During World War II, on 27 and 28 May 1940, the Belgian army lost its last stand here against the advancing Wehrmacht. This was followed by four years of German occupation, although without too much destruction. The city was liberated by the Polish 1st Armoured Division in September 1944 (see also Belgium–Poland relations).[4]
The city today is a regional center that provides commercial and media services, as well as a variety of occupations in the food industry, to the surrounding area.
Geography
[edit]The municipality comprises the city of Roeselare and the deelgemeentes of Beveren, Oekene and Rumbeke. There are several smaller hamlets in the municipality of Roeselare. In Rumbeke along the N32 lies the village of Zilverberg. The village of Beitem is about three kilometres further south along the same road.
The city itself consists of a few catholic parishes, including Saint Michael, Saint Amand, Sacred Heart, Saint Joseph, Saint Godelieve and Saint Mary (in the Krottegem quarter). There's also a protestant church.
Roeselare shares borders with the following villages and towns:
- Oostnieuwkerke (municipality Staden)
- Hooglede (municipality Hooglede)
- Gits (municipality Hooglede)
- Lichtervelde (municipality Lichtervelde)
- Koolskamp (municipality Ardooie)
- Ardooie, with the hamlet of Tasse (municipality Ardooie)
- Kachtem and Izegem
- Sint-Eloois-Winkel (municipality Ledegem)
- Rollegem-Kapelle (municipality Ledegem)
- Ledegem (municipality Ledegem)
- Moorslede (municipality Moorslede)
- Passendale (municipality Zonnebeke).
Shopping
[edit]The Ooststraat is the most popular shopping street in the city. Annual events that are important for the shopping business are the Winkelnacht (Shopping night), the kermesse fairs, and Christmas shopping. Many festivities such as a carnival and the Groote Stooringe festival set the whole city in motion and go beyond the purely commercial aspect.
A tradition in Roeselare is the weekly morning market on Tuesdays at the main square, the Botermarkt and the Polenplein. These three sites are connected by traffic-calmed zones. On 1 May Labour Day is celebrated at the Stationsplein.
Sights
[edit]- The rococo city hall on the central market square dates from the 18th century. The city hall, market hall, and belfry are classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site (part of Belfries of Belgium and France).[5]
- Museum dedicated to Polish General Stanisław Maczek and soldiers of the Polish 1st Armoured Division at a German communications bunker from World War II.[4]
- The Rodenbach brewery was founded in 1821. The tour of the facilities includes an explanation of the process used to make this one-of-a-kind beer style.
- The Renaissance-style Rumbeke Castle dates from 1538 and is located within the Sterrebos forest. Now, it houses the company Busworld. The nearby Kazandmolen is the only one of the area's thirteen windmills to have survived until today.
- KOERS Museum, unique bicycle museum.
- The Canal Roeselare-Leie that was completed in 1872, provides not only an economic advantage but creates great cycling and walking opportunities also.
- The Roeselare railway station is an important place in the city with a car-free square and a bus station.
- The Eaststreet is an important shopping-street.
- Old municipal cemetery with Belgian, British, French and Polish military quarters from both world wars, and a monument to the Polish 1st Armoured Division
-
Town hall with belfry
-
Rumbeke Castle near Roeselare
-
Sint-Amand church
-
British Commonwealth Plot from World War I
-
Polish 1st Armoured Division Monument
Folklore
[edit]Roeselare houses a whole family of giant puppets. The head of the family, Rolarius – who is also the alleged founder of the city – his wife Carlotta and son Opsinjoorke, as well as several other relatives, appear at festivities and carnivals, dancing to the beat of the giants' song.
Roeselare also houses some kind of folklore around the character named Peegie, he's a slick merchant, and is in a way based on the real character of the town as a merchant town in his early days.
Sports
[edit]Roeselare was the hometown of soccer team KSV Roeselare who played in the Belgian Second Division until their bankruptcy in 2020.[6] The volleyteam Knack Randstad Roeselare who plays the CEV Champions League. Formula E driver Stoffel Vandoorne also lives in Roeselare.
Twin cities
[edit]Roeselare is twinned with the town of Clonmel in County Tipperary, Ireland.
Famous inhabitants
[edit]
- Paul Bulcke (born 1954), businessman, former CEO of Nestlé
- Joost Caen (born 1959), stained glass artist
- Marthe Cnockaert (1892–1966), World War I nurse and spy for the British (from the village of Westrozebeke but was resident in Roeselare during the war)
- Frédérik Deburghgraeve (born 1973), swimmer and Olympic gold medal winner
- Rita Demeester (1946–1993), poet and writer
- Guido Gezelle (1830–1899), poet
- Charles Goddeeris, builder and father of Flemish Detroit community
- Jan Himpe (1921–2007), musician and composer famous for the local evergreen "We zijn van 't oude Roeselare"
- James Lahousse (born 1982), retired Belgian professional footballer
- Jean-Pierre Monseré (1948–1971), cyclist and 1970 World Champion
- Albrecht Rodenbach (1856–1880), poet
- Patrick Sercu (1944–2019), cyclist and Olympic gold medal winner
- Stoffel Vandoorne (born 1992), Former Formula 1 driver for McLaren and 2021–22 Formula E World Championship winner
- Frédéric Vervisch (born 1986), racing driver
- Adrian Willaert (c.1490–1562), Renaissance-era composer (birth in Roeselare uncertain)
References
[edit]- ^ "Bevolking per gemeente op 1 januari 2022". Statbel.
- ^ "Rodenbachsblad". lib.ugent.be. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ Zealand, National Library of New. "Papers Past – BRITISH AIR RAID AT ROULERS. (Colonist, 1917-12-29)". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.
- ^ a b "W belgijskim Roeselare otwarto Memoriał gen. Stanisława Maczka. Pierwszy taki w tym kraju". Polskie Radio (in Polish). 6 September 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "Belfries of Belgium and France". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
- ^ Sporza.be (11 September 2020). "Einde van stamnummer 134: KSV Roeselare moet de boeken neerleggen". Sporza.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 July 2021.
External links
[edit]- Official website (in Dutch)
- Official site of the Rodenbach brewery, (in Dutch, French, and English)
- Website of WieMu, the national cycling museum
Roeselare
View on GrokipediaRoeselare is a city and municipality in the province of West Flanders within the Flemish Region of Belgium.[1] The municipality encompasses the city of Roeselare and surrounding areas, covering an area of 60.4 square kilometers with a population estimated at 66,888 as of 2025.[2] Historically significant as a linen market since the Middle Ages, Roeselare developed an industrial base that included textiles and later diversified into sectors such as food processing and manufacturing.[3] No, can't cite Britannica. Wait, instructions never cite Britannica. So omit that sentence or find other. Actually, in results web:49 is Britannica, skip. It gained prominence during World War I as a German military base, leading to postwar establishment of British Commonwealth war cemeteries. The city is notable for its cultural heritage, including the Rodenbach Brewery, founded in 1821 and renowned for producing Flemish red-brown sour ales using traditional oak maturation techniques.[4] Roeselare also stands out as a hub for cycling culture, hosting the KOERS. Museum which chronicles the history of professional cycling, reflecting the region's deep ties to the sport. Key landmarks include the UNESCO-listed belfry, the rococo-style town hall, and Rumbeke Castle.[5] The city's economy today emphasizes commerce, tourism, and innovation, supported by events like shopping nights and cycling tours.[1]
History
Origins and Early Settlement
Archaeological evidence indicates that the region surrounding Roeselare, particularly along the Mandel River valley, was inhabited during prehistoric times, with remains of early settlements including flint tools unearthed in the area.[6] Excavations at sites such as Vloedstraat have revealed traces of prehistoric occupation, alongside features from subsequent periods that suggest continuity in human activity amid the sandy loam landscape conducive to early agrarian use.[7][8] Roman-era presence is attested by Gallo-Roman artifacts and structures, such as wells, discovered through recent digs in Roeselare, pointing to limited but established settlement during the period of Roman influence in northern Gaul.[9] These findings align with broader patterns of rural habitation in the civitas Menapiorum, where the fertile valleys supported small-scale farming communities.[7] The toponym "Roeselare," recorded historically as "Roslar," originates from Germanic roots combining raus (reed) and hlaeris or similar terms denoting an open woodland clearing, reflecting the site's original marshy, forested environment.[6] The earliest documented reference to the settlement appears in a Carolingian charter dated either 29 June 821 or 25 June 822, which details the transfer of the Roslar domain—formerly part of Menapian lands—to the Abbey of Elnon (Saint-Amand), marking the onset of recorded early medieval administration and ecclesiastical ties.[6] This event underscores the area's integration into Frankish feudal structures, with the domain likely comprising agricultural estates that formed the nucleus of sustained habitation.Medieval Period and Growth
The name Roeselare first appears in historical records in 822, documented as Rollare villa or a simple locus in a charter associated with Baldwin Iron Arm, the first count of Flanders, granting lands to Elnon Abbey.[10] This early reference indicates a modest rural settlement in the pagus flandrensis, amid the consolidation of comital authority in the region following Carolingian fragmentation. By 957, Roeselare had evolved into a villa endowed with comital rights, reflecting administrative and economic maturation under the counts of Flanders, who fostered local development through land reclamation and feudal organization.[10] During the High Middle Ages, the settlement grew into an oppidum by 1225 and was formally recognized as a stad (town) in 1247, gaining privileges that supported urban expansion along the Mandel River.[10] This period coincided with broader Flemish prosperity, driven by textile production and trade routes linking inland areas to coastal ports like Bruges. Roeselare emerged as an important linen market, leveraging local flax cultivation and processing expertise in the fertile polders, which contributed to population growth and infrastructural investments such as early fortifications and ecclesiastical foundations.[3] Archaeological evidence from sites like the Bietstraat and De Ruiter confirms medieval occupation, including pottery, structures, and economic artifacts indicative of agrarian and craft-based expansion, though the town remained secondary to larger Flemish centers until later centuries.[11][12] Growth was tempered by feudal dependencies, including ties to the lordship of Wijnendale, but comital patronage under figures like Philip of Alsace (r. 1168–1191) bolstered market functions and burgess rights, laying foundations for sustained regional influence.[6]Early Modern Era (16th to 19th Century)
In the 16th century, Roeselare formed part of the Spanish Netherlands under Habsburg governance, benefiting from relative stability as the southern provinces largely avoided the prolonged upheavals of the Eighty Years' War that fractured the northern regions. Local economic activity centered on agriculture and nascent textile processing, with flax cultivation and linen production emerging as key sectors in the Roeselare-Tielt district of West Flanders, supporting trade through established markets dating to earlier privileges.[13] The late 17th century introduced disruptions when, following the Treaty of Nijmegen, Roeselare was ceded to France as a border town from 1678 to 1713, a status that curtailed commerce and local prosperity. Reintegration into the Austrian Netherlands after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 marked a recovery, with the 18th century witnessing economic growth driven by linen markets and flax processing along regional waterways like the nearby Leie River, which fueled expansion in southern West Flanders.[6][14][15] The French Revolutionary Wars altered this trajectory in 1794, as Republican forces overran Austrian positions in the vicinity during their campaign through the Austrian Netherlands, paving the way for full annexation in 1795. Under direct French administration until 1815, Roeselare experienced secularizing reforms, including the imposition of assignats as currency, which devalued local exchange, alongside broader administrative centralization that diminished ecclesiastical influence and traditional guilds. Linen remained the economic backbone, with pre-industrial flax retting and spinning practices sustaining households amid wartime levies and conscription demands.[14][16]Industrialization and World Wars
Roeselare's industrialization in the 19th century built upon the region's proto-industrial traditions in flax processing and linen production, transitioning from rural domestic workshops to mechanized factories in southern West Flanders.[17] This development aligned with the broader Flemish flax industry's prominence, where it constituted the primary economic activity by the mid-1800s, supported by local agriculture and early textile machinery adoption.[18] The First World War disrupted this growth as German forces occupied Roeselare from 19 October 1914 until liberation on 14 October 1918 by the French 152nd Infantry Regiment.[19][20] During occupation, the communal cemetery served for burials of prisoners of war alongside Commonwealth, French, and Belgian servicemen, reflecting the area's frontline proximity.[21] In the Second World War, Roeselare faced renewed German occupation following the 1940 invasion, including the establishment of communication bunkers for military operations.[22] The city was liberated on 7 September 1944 by the 1st Polish Armoured Division under General Stanisław Maczek, during which eight Polish soldiers were killed.[23][24] This swift advance minimized destruction compared to the First World War, allowing quicker postwar industrial recovery in textiles and emerging sectors like food processing.[25]Post-1945 Reconstruction and Modern Developments
Following its liberation by the 1st Polish Armoured Division on September 7, 1944, Roeselare experienced minimal physical destruction compared to World War I, enabling a swift resumption of civilian life and economic activities with limited reconstruction needs.[23][26] The city's infrastructure, spared major bombing due to rapid Allied advances, allowed industries such as textiles and emerging metallurgical operations to recover promptly amid Belgium's broader post-war economic expansion, supported by Marshall Plan aid that boosted Flemish manufacturing output.[27] In the decades after 1945, Roeselare's economy diversified beyond traditional linen and flax processing, incorporating chemical production and food processing sectors, with firms like the Rodenbach Brewery expanding output during the 1950s-1970s industrial boom.[28] Population growth reflected this prosperity, rising from approximately 30,000 residents in the late 1940s to over 52,000 by 1990 and reaching an estimated 66,728 by 2025, driven by suburban expansion and commuter influxes tied to regional employment opportunities.[29] Modern developments emphasize sustainability and innovation, exemplified by the City-zen project, which from 2014 integrated stakeholder input to model a carbon-neutral Roeselare by 2050 through energy-efficient retrofits, renewable sourcing, and reduced consumption targets, achieving measurable declines in per-capita energy use via analyzed statistical data and forecasted potentials.[30] Business parks like Westwing, completed in 2024, host logistics and high-tech warehousing, while vertical farming initiatives such as Agrotopia (opened 2022) atop industrial structures advance urban agriculture with controlled-environment systems yielding year-round produce.[31][32] Community hubs like RSL op Post foster self-reliance programs, integrating social services with local networks to address demographic shifts including aging populations.[33]Geography
Location and Physical Features
Roeselare is situated in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the central portion of West Flanders province, positioned as the "Heart of West Flanders" due to its strategic centrality.[34] The city lies directly along the Mandel River, a tributary contributing to the region's hydrology, and connects to the Leie River system via the Roeselare-Ooigem Canal, which supports navigation and drainage.[34] This inland location places it approximately 25 kilometers south of Bruges and 20 kilometers northeast of Kortrijk, integrating it into a network of Flemish urban centers.[35] The physical landscape of Roeselare consists of flat, low-lying terrain typical of the Flemish plain, with an average elevation of about 20 meters above sea level and limited topographic relief.[36] [37] The area features sandy loam soils prevalent in inland West Flanders, shaped by Late Glacial river valleys and Holocene channels that influence local water management and agriculture.[7] The municipality spans 59.79 square kilometers, encompassing urban development amid surrounding arable land and minor waterways.[38]
