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Samsing is a small hill village and tourist spot in the Matiali (community development block), Malbazar subdivision of Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal situated at an elevation of 3000 ft in the foothills in between Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling districts border.

Key Information

Geography

[edit]
Map
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Maps: terms of use
8km
5miles
B
H
U
T
A
N
]
Jaldhaka River
\
Gatia River
[
Teesta River
NP
Chapramari
Wildlife
Sanctuary
NP Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary (NP)
NP Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary (NP)
NP
Gorumara
National
Park
NP Gorumara National Park (NP)
NP Gorumara National Park (NP)
TE
Chalsa TE
TE Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates (TE)
TE Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates (TE)
TE
Aibheeli TE
TE Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates (TE)
TE Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates (TE)
TE
Chalouni TE
TE Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates (TE)
TE Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates (TE)
TE
Jiti TE
TE Hope and Jiti Tea Estates (TE)
TE Hope and Jiti Tea Estates (TE)
TE
Hope TE
TE Hope and Jiti Tea Estates (TE)
TE Hope and Jiti Tea Estates (TE)
TE
Leesh River TE
TE Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates (TE)
TE Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates (TE)
TE
Meenglas TE
TE Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates (TE)
TE Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates (TE)
R
Zurantee TG
R Zurantee Tea Garden (R)
R Zurantee Tea Garden (R)
R
Sulkapara
R Sulkapara (R)
R Sulkapara (R)
R
Samsing
R
Nagrakata
R Nagrakata (R)
R Nagrakata (R)
R
Murti
R Murti, Jalpaiguri (R)
R Murti, Jalpaiguri (R)
R
Gurjangjhora TG
R Gurjangjhora Tea Garden (R)
R Gurjangjhora Tea Garden (R)
R
Gajoldoba
R Gajoldoba (R)
R Gajoldoba (R)
R
Dam Dim
R Dam Dim (R)
R Dam Dim (R)
R
Batabari TG
R Batabari Tea Garden (R)
R Batabari Tea Garden (R)
R
Bagrakote
R Bagrakote (R)
R Bagrakote (R)
CT
Dakshin Odlabari
CT Dakshin Odlabari (CT)
CT Dakshin Odlabari (CT)
CT
Odlabari
CT Odlabari (CT)
CT Odlabari (CT)
CT
Matelli
CT Matialihat (CT)
CT Matialihat (CT)
CT
Lataguri
CT Lataguri (CT)
CT Lataguri (CT)
CT
Mangalbari
CT Mangalbari (CT)
CT Mangalbari (CT)
CT
Chalsa
CT Chalsa, India (CT)
CT Chalsa, India (CT)
CT
Malbazar
CT Malbazar (CT)
CT Malbazar (CT)
Places and tea estates in Malbabazar subdivision (including Mal, Nagrakata and Matiali CD blocks) in Jalpaiguri district
CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate
Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate, JRS: junction railway station
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

Area overview

[edit]

Gorumara National Park has overtaken traditionally popular Jaldapara National Park in footfall and Malbazar has emerged as one of the most important towns in the Dooars. Malbazar subdivision is presented in the map alongside.[1][2] It is a predominantly rural area with 88.62% of the population living in rural areas and 11.32% living in the urban areas.[3][4] Tea gardens in the Dooars and Terai regions produce 226 million kg or over a quarter of India's total tea crop.[5][6] Some tea gardens were identified in the 2011 census as census towns or villages.[7] Such places are marked in the map as CT (census town) or R (rural/ urban centre). Specific tea estate pages are marked TE.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

The locality

[edit]

It is known for its beautiful landscape with green tea garden scenery, hills and forests, which attract many tourists. On a clear day, the snow-clad mountains of Bhutan are also visible from this place. It lies 18 km from the Neora Valley National Park. It is the home of more than 4000 people. Its climate is noted for fog and cool breezes and a high rainfall. It has many beautiful picnic spots and tourist places. Some of them are Lali Guras, Rocky Island, Samsing Phari and Suntaley Khola. Neora Valley National Park is in a distance of an hour from here and has hills, plains, rivers, forest, tea-garden and villages. It is a tea garden inhabited by Paharhi and Madhesia people.

Samsing is divided into two parts;[8] Samsing basti, which includes Khasmahal,Fari,Sundar Busty,Compound Busty,Bhujel Gaon and samsing tea garden. Samsing Tea Estate is under the administration of Jalpaiguri district and Samsing basti- comprises Sundar Basti, Khash Mahal and Fari are under Gorkhaland Territorial Administration. It has also three divisions:- top line, lower line and young tong division. The owners of the tea estate of Samsing were British companies. They divided the topline with Kurti line, New School line, Gumba Line, Kamal Bhawan line, MBP Line, SB LINE, PP Line, Munshi line and Junction line and Yongtong is divided with balka Line,Sahil bhujel line,Mochi Line, Basa Line, Narayan line, Sai line (which is also known as Gorup pura), Bari Line and Fagu Line. where each line are separated by small brook and Samsing has its local bus stand. Local people are mostly employed in tea garden and tourism, but many of the younger generation have migrated to bigger cities for greater opportunities.

Education

[edit]

Samsing Higher Sec. School, Gardenwood Academy, Sai Santi Niketan, Sai Grace Academy and Paradise English School are here.

Social environment

[edit]

The people here never actively participated in both the violent forms of Gorkhaland demand. After Vimal Gurung fled in 2017, Shri Binoy Tamang became the GTA chairman. Now the valley is peaceful and developing. The early settlers in this village worked as tea plantation labourers and were from Rangeli, Sikkim and Indo-Nepal Mountain (Madhesia) region. They left for this place when they heard that people pluck leaves from tea plants bearing money.

Samsing Tea Estate

[edit]

The management of Samsing tea estate declared suspension of work from 28 November 2005 affecting 1,360 workers. It is a large garden on the bank of the Murti river and is surrounded by the Chulsa tea garden and Matelli tea garden. In the beginning, the Duncan Company was running the garden followed by the Tea King Company in the 1980s. Then, in the 1990s, S. P. Agrawal Company took over the garden. The total land of the garden is 1200 hectares, of which 900 are plantation land.[9]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Samsing

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Samsing is a small hill village in the region of , , , located in the Matiali of the Malbazar subdivision at an of approximately 3,000 feet (914 meters) above sea level. Positioned about 82 kilometers from and near the border with , it lies along the banks of the Murti River and serves as a gateway to . The village is characterized by expansive tea gardens, orange orchards, and cardamom plantations established during the British colonial era, which form the basis of its economy and landscape. As an emerging eco-tourism destination since the late , Samsing attracts visitors for its serene, foggy climate, hiking trails, and proximity to wildlife areas like and , offering opportunities for and nature immersion without significant infrastructure development.

History

Colonial origins and tea plantation establishment

The Dooars region, encompassing Samsing in present-day of , entered British colonial administration after the Duars War of 1864–1865, when forces subdued Bhutanese control over the western territories, enabling large-scale land acquisition for commercial agriculture. This annexation facilitated the clearance of dense sal forests, previously inhabited by indigenous communities such as the Toto and Mech, to create s suited to cash crops. British authorities justified the expansion as , but it involved forcible displacement of local populations without compensation, prioritizing imperial revenue over native land rights. Tea cultivation in the Dooars commenced in the mid- to late as an extension of Assam's earlier experiments, driven by British demand for cheaper alternatives to Chinese imports. The first documented in the region, Gazoldoba, was established in , followed rapidly by others like Bagrakot, marking the onset of systematic development under European management. By the , the Dooars-Terai belt, including areas around Samsing and Matelli, saw proliferation of estates operated by British firms, which imported tea saplings from and while engineering irrigation from rivers like the and Neora. These operations relied on practices that degraded soil fertility over time but yielded high volumes for export, with annual production scaling to millions of kilograms by the early . Samsing's tea estates emerged within this framework, with British companies dividing the landscape into managed "lines" for labor housing and cultivation, attracting initial workers through the coercive arkati recruitment system from Nepal's hills and India's central provinces. Labour conditions were harsh, characterized by indebtedness, inadequate wages, and mortality rates from malaria and overwork, as planters enforced long hours on minimal rations to maximize output. This colonial model entrenched Samsing as a tea-dependent enclave, with estates like Samsing and nearby Yongttong forming the economic core, though exact founding dates for individual gardens remain tied to broader Dooars surveys post-1870. By independence, these plantations had transformed the area's demographics and ecology, supplanting subsistence farming with export-oriented monocropping.

Post-independence development and regional integration

Following India's independence in 1947, Samsing's economy, centered on its tea estates such as Hope and Jiti, continued to rely heavily on plantation agriculture, with production integrated into the national tea export framework managed by the newly formed Tea Board of India in 1953. The Dooars region's tea gardens, including those around Samsing in Jalpaiguri district, saw gradual modernization through government five-year plans that prioritized agricultural infrastructure, leading to expanded cultivation areas and improved processing facilities by the 1960s. Labor conditions evolved with the rise of trade unions post-independence, which advocated for better wages and housing for the predominantly Adivasi and Nepali workforce, though challenges like low productivity persisted due to outdated colonial-era practices. Infrastructure development accelerated in the and , with road networks linking Samsing to and New Jalpaiguri railway junction facilitating tea transport and regional trade ties to and . Electrification reached remote tea estates by the late under West Bengal state initiatives, enabling mechanized plucking and drying processes that boosted yields from approximately 150 kg per hectare in the early post-independence era to over 1,000 kg by the in Dooars gardens. This integration into 's broader economy positioned Samsing's output—part of the Dooars' contribution of over 25% to India's total production—as a key revenue source, with exports rising from 200 million kg nationally in 1950 to 800 million kg by 2000. Tourism emerged as a secondary sector in the late 1990s, driven by eco-tourism promotion amid the establishment of nearby protected areas like (upgraded in 1994) and . Samsing's integration into the tourist circuit, formalized through Tourism Department campaigns post-1958, highlighted its tea gardens, bird habitats, and proximity to , attracting domestic visitors and diversifying income beyond monocrop dependency. By the early , homestays and guided treks in Samsing's orange orchards and forests contributed to regional GDP growth, though tourism remained seasonal and vulnerable to labor unrest in adjacent estates.

Geography

Location and topography

Samsing lies in the Matiali community development block of , , , within the region at coordinates 26°59′10″N 88°48′42″E. Positioned approximately 83 kilometers west of , it marks the eastern entry point to the , with the park's Lower Range headquarters situated there. At an elevation of 3,000 feet (914 meters), Samsing occupies the foothills of the , near the administrative border between and districts. The terrain consists of undulating hills and valleys typical of the transitional zone between the alluvial plains of the and higher Himalayan slopes, intersected by streams that feed into rivers like the . Surrounding features include expansive estates, dense subtropical forests, and moderate elevation gradients supporting trails with gains of up to 869 feet over 3.9 miles. This fosters a of rolling elevations, riverine corridors, and forested ridges, contributing to the area's and scenic appeal as a foothill .

Climate and natural features

Samsing exhibits a subtropical highland climate typical of the Dooars region, with distinct seasons marked by hot summers, mild winters, and pronounced monsoon rainfall. Average high temperatures reach 90°F (32°C) in May, while lows dip to 52°F (11°C) in January; precipitation is minimal in winter (0.68 inches in January) but increases significantly during the pre-monsoon (13.51 inches in May). The area receives heavy annual rainfall, supporting lush vegetation, though exact figures vary by year due to the influence of the Eastern Himalayas. The topography of Samsing features undulating foothills of the at an of approximately 3,000 feet (914 meters), blending plains with low hills and valleys. This landscape facilitates terraced plantations and provides scenic vistas of surrounding dense forests and distant peaks. The terrain is characterized by fertile alluvial soils deposited by rivers, contributing to the region's agricultural productivity. Natural features include the meandering Murti River, which borders the village and offers riparian habitats amid green tea gardens and forested hills, fostering such as birdlife and small mammals. Samsing lies adjacent to protected areas like and , where tropical moist deciduous forests predominate, home to species including and Asian elephants. These ecosystems are sustained by the area's high and riverine influences, though they face pressures from seasonal flooding and human encroachment.

Demographics and Society

Population statistics and ethnic composition

As of the , Samsing Tea Garden village recorded a total population of 6,713, with 3,308 s and 3,405 s, yielding a of 1,029 females per 1,000 males—higher than West Bengal's statewide ratio of 950. aged 0-6 numbered 599, representing 8.92% of the population, with a child of 896. The rate was 74.84%, with at 85.09% and at 65.02%, below the state average of 76.26%. No subsequent census data is available, as India's 2021 enumeration was postponed. The village's ethnic makeup is shaped by its tea estate origins, featuring a mix of indigenous and migrant groups. Scheduled Tribes (ST) accounted for 20.51% (1,377 individuals), primarily descendants of laborers such as Santals, Oraons, Mundas, and Mahalis, who were recruited from regions like Chota Nagpur (present-day and surrounding areas) during British colonial tea expansion in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Scheduled Castes (SC) comprised 13.90% (933 persons), often from similar migrant backgrounds tied to work. The remainder includes , who form the regional majority, along with Nepali speakers and smaller pockets of Rajbanshi and other Dooars-area ethnicities, reflecting broader patterns where Bengalis constitute about 65% linguistically but tea worker communities retain distinct tribal identities and dialects. This composition underscores the legacy of labor migration, with tribal groups comprising a core of estate-dependent households despite assimilation pressures.

Cultural practices and social structure

The social structure in Samsing is shaped by its tea plantation heritage, featuring a where workers reside in estate "lines"—rows of basic housing units allocated by management—and maintain strong community ties through clan-based affiliations among Nepali and groups. Families are predominantly patriarchal and extended, with multiple generations often cohabiting to support labor-intensive plucking and pruning roles, a rooted in colonial policies that prioritized kin networks for stability. This fosters solidarity, as seen in informal village councils or estate committees resolving disputes, though formal authority rests with plantation overseers. Cultural practices reflect the Nepali-majority population's Himalayan roots, blended with Adivasi influences from tea tribes such as Munda and Oraon descendants. Key festivals include and Tihar for Hindu Nepalis, involving animal sacrifices, feasting, and tika blessings to honor family elders, alongside Buddhist observances like at the local gompa established in 1850, which features prayer rituals and communal alms-giving despite a declining adherent base. Adivasi workers contribute tribal customs, such as Karam Puja in August-September, where saplings are worshipped for harvest prosperity, accompanied by Sadri-language songs and stick dances like Baha or . Daily life emphasizes oral transmission and seasonal estate events, with a cultural premium on to escape generational labor cycles, evidenced by high community enrollment in local schools. Languages spoken include Nepali, , and Bengali, reinforcing ethnic enclaves within the village.

Economy

Tea industry and agricultural base

The tea industry forms the cornerstone of Samsing's economy, centered in the region of , , where vast plantations dominate the landscape. Samsing Tea Estate stands as one of the largest in the area, covering 1,256.60 hectares and employing a substantial portion of the local workforce, primarily and Nepali communities engaged in plucking, , and . These estates produce primarily varieties suited to the subtropical climate, with harvests peaking during the monsoon and autumn flushes, contributing to the broader output that accounts for a significant share of India's annual tea production of over 1.3 million tonnes as of recent years. Agricultural activities beyond tea are limited, with the Samsing Tea Garden village encompassing approximately 773.83 hectares total , of which only 205.6 hectares are under sown cultivation, mostly unirrigated and focused on subsistence crops like paddy, , and to supplement estate labor diets. The predominance of tea monoculture reflects the historical establishment of plantations in the early , optimized for export-oriented rather than diversified farming, though small-scale organic initiatives, such as those by Samsing Organic Tea Private Limited—registered in 2009 and specializing in certified organic cultivation—have emerged to tap into niche markets. Local tea production faces structural challenges, including volatile global prices and variability, yet remains vital for in a village population of 6,713 as per the 2011 , where over half reside in estate quarters. Estates like Samsing are affiliated with regional bodies such as the Dooars Branch of the Indian Tea Association, facilitating mechanization efforts and quality standards, though yields average 1,500-2,000 kg per hectare annually in , lower than Assam plains due to terrain and soil factors. Ancillary agricultural base includes minor products and rearing, but units and garden maintenance drive the economic base, with recent legal protections ensuring operational continuity amid financial probes.

Tourism development and ancillary activities

Samsing serves as a gateway to the , drawing tourists to its elevation of approximately 3,000 feet amid verdant tea gardens and forested hills. Located 82 kilometers from , the village attracts visitors seeking serene landscapes, including orange orchards and foggy hill vistas, as part of the broader eco-tourism circuit promoted by the Tourism Department since the early 2000s. Tourism development in Samsing emphasizes low-impact nature-based activities, such as treks through forests, butterfly watching, and river explorations in the Neora Valley, which began gaining popularity with the rise of eco-tourism in the late 1990s. Proximity to protected areas like and enhances appeal for wildlife enthusiasts, with guided forest camps and opportunities available seasonally. Tea garden walks allow visitors to observe operations, integrating agricultural heritage with leisure. Ancillary services support this nascent tourism sector through homestays and lodges, such as offering views of estates and local eateries providing regional . Establishments like Suntalekhola Nature Education and Wilderness Camp provide basic accommodations and educational programs on , catering primarily to domestic travelers. Local employment in guiding, , and transport supplements tea-dependent livelihoods, though the scale remains modest without large-scale resorts.

Infrastructure and Services

Education facilities

Samsing's education infrastructure serves the primarily rural and tea garden-dependent population, focusing on primary and levels with limited higher education options locally. The area features government-sponsored and primary schools affiliated with the Board of Secondary Education, often in Nepali medium to accommodate the ethnic Nepali community prevalent in the tea estates. The primary institution is Samsing High School (HS), a co-educational government-sponsored higher located in Samsing , Matelli, offering classes from V to XII in Nepali medium under the School Education Department of . It caters to students from surrounding tea garden divisions and villages, emphasizing basic amid the region's socioeconomic constraints. is provided through several government-run schools in the tea garden clusters, including Samsing T.G. I Pry School, Samsing T.G. II Pry School, and Samsing TG Young Tong Division School, each covering classes I to IV and operating as co-educational facilities in the Matelli block. These schools primarily serve children of tea plantation laborers, with infrastructure typical of rural primaries, though specific enrollment figures remain undocumented in . Private options, such as Gardenwood , supplement public facilities for early , though they remain small-scale. Higher education beyond secondary level is unavailable within Samsing, requiring residents to to nearby towns like or for colleges, reflecting the village's status as a peripheral settlement without dedicated tertiary institutions.

Transportation, health, and utilities

Samsing is accessible primarily by road, with 12A connecting it to approximately 80 kilometers away, facilitating from major northern hubs. Local transport includes shared taxis, auto-rickshaws (known as totos), and hired vehicles for navigating the hilly tea estate roads, though the terrain can limit options during monsoons. The nearest railway station is New Mal Junction, about 18 kilometers distant, which links to broader networks from and other cities via the Kanchenjunga Express and similar trains. , the closest aviation facility, lies roughly 90-124 kilometers away, serving domestic flights primarily to and from and . Health infrastructure in Samsing remains basic, reflecting its status as a remote rural village, with no major hospitals on site; residents typically rely on nearby primary health centers or travel to larger facilities. The closest options include Moulani Health Centre, approximately 35 kilometers away, and military or district hospitals in areas like or for advanced care. Government Block Primary Health Centres (BPHCs) in the , such as those in , provide essential services like maternal care and vaccinations, but access involves road travel that can be challenging due to seasonal flooding along the Murti River. Utilities in Samsing are managed under state frameworks, with electricity distributed by the West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL), which covers but experiences occasional outages in this forested, hilly region. Water supply draws from local sources including the Murti River and , supplemented by community wells in tea estates, though piped connections are limited and quality monitoring is inconsistent in such isolated areas. Waste management relies on basic septic systems and estate-level disposal, with no centralized reported.

Challenges and Controversies

Labor conditions and economic hardships in tea estates

Tea estates in the Samsing area, part of district's region, rely heavily on manual labor from primarily and migrant communities for plucking and processing, with workers often bound to plantations through provided housing and rations under the Plantation Labour Act, 1951. However, enforcement remains inconsistent, leading to widespread reports of inadequate facilities and exploitation. Daily wages for pluckers hovered around ₹232 in before a modest increase to ₹250, still falling short of estimated living wages and comparable to rates in other low-skill sectors like bidi rolling at ₹297. Working conditions involve grueling physical demands, including 10-12 hour shifts during peak seasons amid exposure to pesticides and , with limited access to protective gear or rest facilities. Housing consists of rudimentary line quarters prone to and disrepair, while medical provisions—mandated —frequently underperform due to mismanagement, contributing to higher incidences of respiratory illnesses and injuries. A 2024 survey highlighted that over 40% of worker families in tea gardens earn below ₹4,800 monthly, insufficient for basic amid rising food costs. Economic hardships are exacerbated by garden closures and absentee ownership, with nearly 300 estates employing about 500,000 laborers facing output declines and financial distress as of 2025, prompting out-migration for quarrying or urban casual work. delays and ration shortfalls have led to debt traps and , particularly affecting women and children, where child labor persists despite legal bans, driven by family in Jalpaiguri's estates. Unions have campaigned for and hikes, but progress is slow, with workers in closed gardens like those near Samsing earning irregular ₹200-220 daily without benefits.

Environmental pressures and conservation efforts

Samsing's location amid tea estates and foothill forests exposes it to habitat fragmentation from historical deforestation for agriculture, particularly tea cultivation established in the early 20th century, which has reduced contiguous forest cover and native biodiversity. This land-use change intensifies human-wildlife conflicts, as Asian elephants from nearby Gorumara National Park and other reserves forage into surrounding tea gardens, leading to crop damage estimated at significant annual losses in the Dooars region and occasional human injuries or deaths. Monoculture tea farming further contributes to soil degradation and erosion, diminishing ecosystem resilience in the area's subtropical climate. Conservation responses include targeted awareness campaigns by the West Bengal Forest Department, launched in December 2024, educating tea estate workers and villagers on non-confrontational elephant deterrence to minimize conflicts in Dooars locales like those near Samsing. The West Bengal Forest Development Corporation operates eco-tourism centers in Samsing, such as the Suntalekhola Nature Resort and Samsing Forest Rest House, which promote habitat appreciation, generate funds for forest maintenance, and encourage sustainable visitor practices. Biodiversity monitoring initiatives, including butterfly diversity assessments at Samsing Eco Tourism Resort documented in 2025, aid in tracking species health and informing local protection strategies. Regional efforts, such as community-based conservation programs in Dooars villages, foster coexistence through habitat restoration and conflict mitigation, indirectly supporting Samsing's ecosystems. State-level partnerships, including a 2024 collaboration with French agencies for north Bengal wildlife habitats, enhance broader flora and fauna safeguards applicable to Samsing's vicinity.

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  46. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g304557-d1228912-Reviews-Samsing-Darjeeling_Darjeeling_District_West_Bengal.html
  47. https://bhromondarrpan.com/samsing-mayjhor-homestay/
  48. https://www.tripadvisor.com/HotelsNear-g304557-d1228912-Samsing-Darjeeling_Darjeeling_District_West_Bengal.html
  49. https://www.booking.com/homestay/city/in/samsing.html
  50. https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19021003302
  51. https://schools.org.in/jalpaiguri/19021003305/samsing-t-g-i-pry.html
  52. https://schools.org.in/jalpaiguri/19021003504/samsing-t-g-ii-pry.html
  53. https://schools.org.in/jalpaiguri/19021004001/samsing-tg-young-tong-division.html
  54. https://www.justdial.com/Jalpaiguri/Schools-in-Samsing/nct-10422444
  55. https://jalpaiguri.gov.in/public-utility-category/schools/
  56. https://www.nativeplanet.com/samsing/
  57. https://www.north-bengal.com/rocky-island.php
  58. https://www.facebook.com/groups/bonnerjee/posts/1751689738216559/
  59. https://travelgangtok.com/destinations/west-bengal/samsing-view-point
  60. https://www.justdial.com/Jalpaiguri/Hospitals-in-Samsing/nct-10253670/page-2
  61. https://darjeeling.gov.in/public-utility-category/hospitals/page/2/
  62. https://www.justdial.com/Jalpaiguri/West-Bengal-State-Electricity-Distribution-Co-Ltd-Matelli/9999P3561-3561-120216174007-Z3D8_BZDET
  63. https://www.optfind.com/Tourism/TourismDetails.php?tid=How-To-Reach-in-Suntalekhola-Dooars-West-Bengal-India
  64. https://birbhum.gov.in/public-utility/west-bengal-state-electricity-distribution-company-limited/
  65. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09730052241261492
  66. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/in-bengals-tea-belt-lack-of-job-hope-leads-to-workers-migration-9276813/
  67. https://www.thecho.in/files/35.-Animesh-Mandal.pdf
  68. https://ijfmr.com/research-paper.php?id=23198
  69. https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/siliguri/tea-unions-mps-raise-alarm-over-crisis-in-north-bengals-plantations-1503473335.html
  70. https://medcraveonline.com/BIJ/BIJ-03-00135.pdf
  71. https://india.mongabay.com/2020/02/looking-beyond-protected-areas-to-conserve-species-in-tea-garden-terrains/
  72. https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/campaign-to-curb-human-animal-conflict-forest-department-rolls-out-awareness-initiative-for-tea-workers-villagers-in-alipurduar/cid/2067570
  73. https://sanctuarynaturefoundation.org/article/spilling-the-tea%253A-life-and-wildlife-in-north-bengal%25E2%2580%2599s-tea-estates
  74. https://northbengaltourism.com/government-resorts/suntalekhola-samsing/
  75. https://wbfdc.net/
  76. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395076853_A_preliminary_report_on_the_diversity_of_butterfly_fauna_of_Paren_Eco_Resort_Kalimpong_and_Samsing_Eco_Tourism_Resort_Jalpaiguri_West_Bengal_India
  77. https://kalpavriksh.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Community-Based-Conservation-Amidst-Conflict-in-the-Dooars-region-of-North-Bengal_FINALDRAFT_3rd-December-2018.pdf
  78. https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/french-agency-partners-with-bengal-to-boost-wildlife-conservation/cid/2046432
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