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Shahrud, Iran
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Shahrud (Persian: شاهرود , also written as: shahrood , shahroud)[a] is a city in the Central District of Shahrud County, Semnan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]
Key Information
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History
[edit]Archeological excavations in different parts of Shahrud Plain indicate the existence of villages in this area during 7-5 millennium BC.[5]
The town was visited by Nasser Khosrow Qubadiani, the Iranian poet of the 12th century, and mentioned by him as the center of the Qomis province.[citation needed]
Shahrud is absent from earlier historical sources and became an important town since the 19th century because of its location on the road from Tehran east to Khorasan.[6] It now also is on the railway.[6] A road runs from Shahrud across the Alborz mountains to the Caspian coastal plains in the north; it is accessible throughout winter.[6] Shahrud was renamed Imāmrūd after the Iranian Revolution of 1979, and has since reverted to the old name.[6] It is just south of the historical city of Bastam.[6]
Demographics
[edit]Population
[edit]As of 1991, Shahrud had a population of 92,195.[6] At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 126,916 in 35,548 households.[7] The following census in 2011 counted 140,474 people in 40,931 households.[8] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 150,129 people in 47,606 households.[2]
Climate
[edit]Shahrud has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk) with hot summers and very cold winters with freezing nights. Precipitation is very low, and mostly falls in winter (often as snow) and spring.
| Climate data for Shahrud, Iran (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
22.6 (72.7) |
29.6 (85.3) |
32.4 (90.3) |
37.4 (99.3) |
39.4 (102.9) |
42.0 (107.6) |
42.0 (107.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
32.2 (90.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.8 (91.0) |
29.2 (84.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
15.2 (59.4) |
20.3 (68.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
8.6 (47.5) |
3.4 (38.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.0 (6.8) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 14.8 (0.58) |
21.1 (0.83) |
29.5 (1.16) |
27.6 (1.09) |
16.4 (0.65) |
5.5 (0.22) |
2.6 (0.10) |
1.3 (0.05) |
5.5 (0.22) |
7.5 (0.30) |
10.9 (0.43) |
13.7 (0.54) |
156.4 (6.16) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 27.7 |
| Average rainy days | 7.1 | 6.8 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 63.6 |
| Average snowy days | 4.2 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 11.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 62.0 | 55.0 | 47.0 | 42.0 | 38.0 | 33.0 | 34.0 | 35.0 | 38.0 | 44.0 | 54.0 | 63.0 | 45.4 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
8.4 (47.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 184.0 | 187.0 | 218.0 | 239.0 | 282.0 | 327.0 | 339.0 | 342.0 | 302.0 | 263.0 | 199.0 | 170.0 | 3,052 |
| Source: NOAA[9](snow and rainy days 1961-1990)[10] | |||||||||||||
Higher education
[edit]Notable people
[edit]- Bayazid Bastami, (9th century) – Sufi
- Abol-Hassan Kharaqani, (963-1033) – Sufi
- Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, (d.818 CE) – historical personality
- Kourosh Yaghmaei, (born 1946) – singer
- Ahmad Jalali, (born 1949) – scholar
- Touka Neyestani, (born 1960) – cartoonist
- Zohreh Akhyani, (born 1964) – MeK member and politician
- Anahita Nemati, (born 1977) – actress
- Laleh Eftekhari, (born 1959) – politician
- Abolfazl Fateh, politician
Media related to Shahrud at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (7 January 2025). "Shahrud, Shahrud County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 7 January 2025.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Semnan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Shahrud, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3062042" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2024) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Semnan province, centered in Semnan city. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 93808-907; Notification 82836/T140K. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024 – via Lam ta Kam.
- ^ Traces of Prehistoric Civilization Discovered in Shahrud (2006)
- ^ a b c d e f Bosworth, C.E. (1997). "SHĀH RŪD". In Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE) (PDF). Leiden: Brill. p. 198. ISBN 90-04-10422-4. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Semnan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Semnan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Shahrud, Iran". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ "Shahrood Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
External links
[edit]| Authority control databases: Geographic |
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