Sunil Gangopadhyay
Sunil Gangopadhyay
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Sunil Gangopadhyay

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Sunil Gangopadhyay

Sunil Gangopadhyay (Bengali pronunciation: [ʃunil ɡɔŋɡopad̪ʱːae̯]; 7 September 1934 – 23 October 2012) was an Indian poet, novelist, short story writer, and critic. He played a key role in modernizing Bengali poetry and co-founded the 1953 avant-garde poetry magazine Krittibas. He has been called the most popular and prolific Bengali writer since Rabindranath Tagore, and "the man who carried the modern consciousness of Bengal."

His debut novel, Atmaprakash (1964), established him as a novelist and was followed by Aranyer Din Ratri. Both were fictionalized account of real-life events. Sei Somoy, a work of historical fiction, marked a major departure from his earlier semi-autobiographical style and was later followed by its sequel, Pratham Alo (1996). His magnum opus, Purba Paschim, dealt with the partition of Bengal. Among his other notable works are the travelogue Payer Tolay Sorshe, published in two volumes, and the poetry collections Eka ebong Koekjon (1958), Ami Ki Rokom Vabe Beche Achi (1966), and Hathat Nirar Janya. The last title refers to his fictional lover, Nira. For children, he created Kakababu, writing 36 novels in the series. He also wrote extensively for Desh magazine and claimed to have written more prose for it than any other writer.

Among others awards, he received the 1985 Sahitya Akademi Award for Those Days (Sei Somoy). Among the films adapted from Sunil's works are, Aranyer Din Ratri and Pratidwandi (both 1970), Sabuj Dwiper Raja (1979), Ek Tukro Chand (2001), Mishawr Rawhoshyo (2013), Yeti Obhijaan (2017), and Kakababur Protyaborton (2022). In 2008, he was elected president of Sahitya Akademi, narrowly defeating the Malayalam writer M.T. Vasudevan Nair.

His simple, clear and conversational approach to prose with dry humor has inspired writers in Bengal and beyond. Shankha Ghosh noted that Sunil’s use of contemporary language let readers see parts of themselves they may have not seen," or "perhaps did not want to see." By doing so, he transformed personal confessions into shared experiences. According to Sitanshu Yashaschandra, Sunil never abandoned the personal for the regional, nor did he forsake his "Bengaliness" to seek a broader identity. "He is a writer of international stature, simply because he is a writer, such a good writer," he wrote.

He was born in Madaripur in a Bengali Hindu family which is now in Bangladesh. At an early age, he moved to Kolkata from his ancestral town, which became part of East Pakistan after the 1947 Partition of India. He studied at the Surendranath College, Dum Dum Motijheel College, City College, Kolkata – all affiliated with the University of Calcutta. Thereafter, he obtained his master's degree in Bengali from the University of Calcutta in 1954.

He married Swati Banerjee on 26 February 1967. Their only son, Souvik, who stays in Boston, was born on 20 November 1967.

In 1953, he co-founded the influential avant-grade Bengali magazine Krittibas with Deepak Majumder and Ananda Bagchi. As its editor, he transformed the magazine into a platform for a new generation of poets who experimented with innovative themes, rhythms, and language.

Later, he started writing for various publications of the Ananda Bazar group, a major publishing house in Kolkata and has been continuing it for many years. He became a friend of the beat poet Allen Ginsberg while he was travelling in India. Ginsberg mentioned Gangopadhyay most notedly in his poem "September on Jessore Road." Gangopadhyay in return mentioned Ginsberg in some of his prose work. After serving five years as the Vice President, he was elected the President of the Sahitya Akademi on 20 February 2008.

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