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Supatphaa
Supatphaa (born Gadapani; died 28 February 1696), also Gadadhar Singha, was the twenty-ninth king of Ahom kingdom. He established the rule of Tungkhungia royal house of Ahom kings, whose descendants continued to rule till the climactic end of the Ahom kingdom in 1826. He was a son of Gobar raja, a descendant of Suhungmung, and who had become king for twenty days. Gadadhar Singha stabilized the Ahom kingdom, which was going through a long decade of political turmoil and instability. This period saw the ruthless power grab of Debera Borbarua and Laluksola Borphukan's abandonment of Guwahati to the hands of Mughals and oppression via Sulikphaa alias Lora Roja.
Soon after his ascension to the throne, he retook Guwahati and permanently wrested out the Mughals from Assam following the Battle of Itakhuli and established a strong rule of 'blood and iron'. Later during his reign he came in conflict with the Vaisnavite Satras or monastery and persecuted them for a while. He died in 1696 and was succeeded by his son Rudra Singha.
Gadapani wielded the authority of a sovereign, and piloted the government through hazardous adventures. He was the son of a reigning monarch, Gobar Roja. The latter was the grandson of Swargadeo Suklenmung Gargayan Raja, who in his turn was the son of Suhungmung Dihingia Raja. By his presence, Gadapani commanded the respect of all who came near him. He was reputed for his stature, vigour, intelligence and valour. Stories are still current about the size of his rings, the richness of his diet, and his appetite. He is said to have strangled a wild buffalo into inaction by merely twisting its horns as it rushed to attack him.
Supatphaa, known as Langi Gadapani konwar, was the son of Gobar Gohain who was made the king by Debera Borbarua in 1675. Gobar Raja was the king for only 20 days and was executed after the fall of Debera Borbarua at the hands of the forces of Atan Burhagohain. After Laluk Sola Borphukan had Atan Burhagohain murdered in 1679, he installed Sulikphaa Lora Roja as the king and tried to become the de jure ruler of the Ahom kingdom. He began a campaign to target Ahom princes who were eligible for the throne. To escape this, Supatphaa became a fugitive, hiding in the Naga hills. The area that Supatphaa had fled, maybe somewhere near present-day Mon district is, that was inhabited by the Konyak Naga. During this time his wife Joymoti Konwari, was tortured and killed by the henchmen of Sulikphaa and Laluk Sola Borphukan. The first act of the reign of Gadadhar Singha was the stamping out of the possibilities of disloyal manoeuvres on the part of the nobles. In March 1682, Gadadhar Singha was formally crowned. The Majumdar Barua wrote his name with a golden pen and announced it to the public. The king married the daughters of the leading nobles, and thereby established friendly alliances with them.
Supatphaa's stay in the Naga Hills is shrouded in mystery, for not much is known about the 2 years in exile. However, the hills abound with various lores, folktales, and legends about Supatphaa. The physical attributes of Supatphaa were very robust, charming and very handsome. According to one legend Supatphaa, after the death of his wife Jaimoti, he was heartbroken and had, become very brooding. It was during this time that his well-wishers, in fact, married him a Konyak girl Watling. Sadly though, Watling while coming down with Supatphaa from Konyak territory, died at a place named Naginimora while delivering a child. During his time in exile, his Naga friends had got him married to a very beautiful girl Zinyu. Noted Historian and Litterateur Padmanath Gohain Baruah first characterized a Naga girl Dalimi, in his play Joymati. It was shown that it was this girl that Supatphaa had come into contact while he was in exile. Rup Konwar Jyoti Prasad Agarwala's First Assamese Film also showed Dalimi, as a daughter of Naga chieftain who had fallen for the charms of Supatphaa.
At the time of Supatphaa's accession to the throne, the Ahom kingdom was being sapped by internal dissensions, and patriotic feeling had become so weakened that many deserted to the Mughal side, who had re-occupied Gauhati, and were gradually pushing their frontier eastwards. The hill tribes too became emboldened and raided villages in the plains. Before he died he had quelled all internal disputes, revived the waning national spirit, driven the Mughals beyond Manas and, by prompt punitive measures, put a stop to the raiding and restored the prestige of the Ahoms among the turbulent tribes on the frontier.
His first act after becoming the King was to equip an army to oust the Mughal from Gauhati. He appears to have met with very little opposition. The forts at Bansbari and Kajali fell at the first assault, and a great naval victory was gained near the mouth of Bar Nadi, the whole enemy fleet falling into the hands of Ahoms. In 1682 Supatphaa waged the Itakhulir Rann Battle of Itakhuli and captured Guwahati back from the Mughals and brought an end to the eighty years of Ahom-Mughal conflicts. The Fauzdar of Guwahati fled and the Ahom army pursued the Mughals as far as Manas river. A vast amount of booty was taken in Guwahati, including gold and silver; elephants, horses, and buffaloes, cannon of all sizes and guns, swords and spears. This was the last war with the Mughals. Henceforth both sides accepted the Manas as the boundary.
The Nagas were often found to be raiding the Assamese villages in the border areas. He forged matrimonial alliances with the Nagas and assured peace and tranquility at the border areas. He married the extremely beautiful daughter of the warlike Nokpu (Ao) warrior Assiring, Sentishila, fondly renamed by him as Dalimi. And renamed the ancient Asheimba- Yimuba gate as Assiringia Duar and granted a large piece of land amounting to many thousand bighas as Assiringia Khat (present-day Naginijan Tea estate, under Assam Tea Corporation) near Nakachari in Jorhat district of ASSAM, valuable scarves and shawls made of finest silk, steel doors, Ahom hats (Japees) gold and diamond ornaments and a muzzle-loading gun, to his father in law, Assiring, thus ensuring good matrimonial relations with the Aos, apart from his Konyak kinsman.
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Supatphaa
Supatphaa (born Gadapani; died 28 February 1696), also Gadadhar Singha, was the twenty-ninth king of Ahom kingdom. He established the rule of Tungkhungia royal house of Ahom kings, whose descendants continued to rule till the climactic end of the Ahom kingdom in 1826. He was a son of Gobar raja, a descendant of Suhungmung, and who had become king for twenty days. Gadadhar Singha stabilized the Ahom kingdom, which was going through a long decade of political turmoil and instability. This period saw the ruthless power grab of Debera Borbarua and Laluksola Borphukan's abandonment of Guwahati to the hands of Mughals and oppression via Sulikphaa alias Lora Roja.
Soon after his ascension to the throne, he retook Guwahati and permanently wrested out the Mughals from Assam following the Battle of Itakhuli and established a strong rule of 'blood and iron'. Later during his reign he came in conflict with the Vaisnavite Satras or monastery and persecuted them for a while. He died in 1696 and was succeeded by his son Rudra Singha.
Gadapani wielded the authority of a sovereign, and piloted the government through hazardous adventures. He was the son of a reigning monarch, Gobar Roja. The latter was the grandson of Swargadeo Suklenmung Gargayan Raja, who in his turn was the son of Suhungmung Dihingia Raja. By his presence, Gadapani commanded the respect of all who came near him. He was reputed for his stature, vigour, intelligence and valour. Stories are still current about the size of his rings, the richness of his diet, and his appetite. He is said to have strangled a wild buffalo into inaction by merely twisting its horns as it rushed to attack him.
Supatphaa, known as Langi Gadapani konwar, was the son of Gobar Gohain who was made the king by Debera Borbarua in 1675. Gobar Raja was the king for only 20 days and was executed after the fall of Debera Borbarua at the hands of the forces of Atan Burhagohain. After Laluk Sola Borphukan had Atan Burhagohain murdered in 1679, he installed Sulikphaa Lora Roja as the king and tried to become the de jure ruler of the Ahom kingdom. He began a campaign to target Ahom princes who were eligible for the throne. To escape this, Supatphaa became a fugitive, hiding in the Naga hills. The area that Supatphaa had fled, maybe somewhere near present-day Mon district is, that was inhabited by the Konyak Naga. During this time his wife Joymoti Konwari, was tortured and killed by the henchmen of Sulikphaa and Laluk Sola Borphukan. The first act of the reign of Gadadhar Singha was the stamping out of the possibilities of disloyal manoeuvres on the part of the nobles. In March 1682, Gadadhar Singha was formally crowned. The Majumdar Barua wrote his name with a golden pen and announced it to the public. The king married the daughters of the leading nobles, and thereby established friendly alliances with them.
Supatphaa's stay in the Naga Hills is shrouded in mystery, for not much is known about the 2 years in exile. However, the hills abound with various lores, folktales, and legends about Supatphaa. The physical attributes of Supatphaa were very robust, charming and very handsome. According to one legend Supatphaa, after the death of his wife Jaimoti, he was heartbroken and had, become very brooding. It was during this time that his well-wishers, in fact, married him a Konyak girl Watling. Sadly though, Watling while coming down with Supatphaa from Konyak territory, died at a place named Naginimora while delivering a child. During his time in exile, his Naga friends had got him married to a very beautiful girl Zinyu. Noted Historian and Litterateur Padmanath Gohain Baruah first characterized a Naga girl Dalimi, in his play Joymati. It was shown that it was this girl that Supatphaa had come into contact while he was in exile. Rup Konwar Jyoti Prasad Agarwala's First Assamese Film also showed Dalimi, as a daughter of Naga chieftain who had fallen for the charms of Supatphaa.
At the time of Supatphaa's accession to the throne, the Ahom kingdom was being sapped by internal dissensions, and patriotic feeling had become so weakened that many deserted to the Mughal side, who had re-occupied Gauhati, and were gradually pushing their frontier eastwards. The hill tribes too became emboldened and raided villages in the plains. Before he died he had quelled all internal disputes, revived the waning national spirit, driven the Mughals beyond Manas and, by prompt punitive measures, put a stop to the raiding and restored the prestige of the Ahoms among the turbulent tribes on the frontier.
His first act after becoming the King was to equip an army to oust the Mughal from Gauhati. He appears to have met with very little opposition. The forts at Bansbari and Kajali fell at the first assault, and a great naval victory was gained near the mouth of Bar Nadi, the whole enemy fleet falling into the hands of Ahoms. In 1682 Supatphaa waged the Itakhulir Rann Battle of Itakhuli and captured Guwahati back from the Mughals and brought an end to the eighty years of Ahom-Mughal conflicts. The Fauzdar of Guwahati fled and the Ahom army pursued the Mughals as far as Manas river. A vast amount of booty was taken in Guwahati, including gold and silver; elephants, horses, and buffaloes, cannon of all sizes and guns, swords and spears. This was the last war with the Mughals. Henceforth both sides accepted the Manas as the boundary.
The Nagas were often found to be raiding the Assamese villages in the border areas. He forged matrimonial alliances with the Nagas and assured peace and tranquility at the border areas. He married the extremely beautiful daughter of the warlike Nokpu (Ao) warrior Assiring, Sentishila, fondly renamed by him as Dalimi. And renamed the ancient Asheimba- Yimuba gate as Assiringia Duar and granted a large piece of land amounting to many thousand bighas as Assiringia Khat (present-day Naginijan Tea estate, under Assam Tea Corporation) near Nakachari in Jorhat district of ASSAM, valuable scarves and shawls made of finest silk, steel doors, Ahom hats (Japees) gold and diamond ornaments and a muzzle-loading gun, to his father in law, Assiring, thus ensuring good matrimonial relations with the Aos, apart from his Konyak kinsman.
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