Trzebnica (Polish pronunciation: [tʂɛbˈɲit͡sa]; German: Trebnitz, Czech: Třebnice) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Trzebnica County, and of the smaller administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Trzebnica. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area. As of 2019, it has a population of 13,331.

Founded in the medieval period, Trzebnica is home to the Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga, one of the historical burial sites of Polish monarchs and consorts and a regional pilgrimage site since the 14th century, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

Trzebnica was the temporary capital of Lower Silesia in 1945. In 2017, the town was the co-host of the World Games (orienteering, middle distance).

Trzebnica lies in the Trzebnickie Hills, approximately 3.5 mi (6 km) north of the regional capital Wrocław.

Trzebnica was an early medieval religious and trading center, possibly more important than Wrocław. In the 12th century, the area was among the possessions of the Premonstratensian St. Vincent monastery at Wrocław. Trzebnica itself was first mentioned in an 1138 deed, then held by the Polish voivode Piotr Włostowic and later seized by the Silesian duke Władysław II the Exile. As a result of the fragmentation of Poland it was part of the Silesian province of Poland.

In 1202 Duke Henry I the Bearded and his wife Hedwig of Andechs founded a Cistercian convent, present-day Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga in Trzebnica, the first in Poland. The couple signed the deed of donation on 23 June 1203 in the presence of Hedwig's brother Ekbert Bishop of Bamberg; the monastery was settled with German nuns descending from Bamberg in Franconia. In 1218 Hedwig's daughter Gertrude became abbess of Trzebnica, the first of many Piast princesses to hold this office. After Duke Henry died in 1238 and was buried in the church, his widow moved to the Cistercian convent which by now was led by her daughter. Hedwig died in October 1243 and was buried there also, while some of her relics are preserved at Andechs Abbey in Bavaria, she was canonized in 1267.

In 1250 Trzebnica received town privileges, it passed under the jurisdiction of the Lower Silesian Duchy of Oleśnica in 1323, a Bohemian fief from 1328. In 1430, the town was plundered by the Hussites. In 1480 Duke Konrad X the White granted the town to the Cistercian abbey.

Town was devastated by fires in 1456, 1505, 1511 and 1534. Some 1,600 people died during an epidemic in 1568. In the 16th and 17th century linen-making developed and in the 18th century clothmaking developed. There were up to 90 clothmakers. As part of the Holy Roman Empire, the town was plundered by Swedish forces during the Thirty Years' War. The nuns then had to flee across the border to nearby Poland. After the war the premises were rebuilt in its present Baroque style. In the 17th century Trzebnica belonged to the Polish-speaking area in Silesia. The monastery remained under the jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Poland. Many of the nuns were Polish, and in 1668, only four of the 31 nuns had German surnames.