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Early History and Kyivan Rus'Early History and Kyivan Rus'Humanitarian and Refugee CrisesHumanitarian and Refugee CrisesModern Political and International RelationsModern Political and International RelationsMedieval and Early Modern PeriodsMedieval and Early Modern PeriodsRussian and Austrian RuleRussian and Austrian RuleUkrainian Independence Movements and World War IUkrainian Independence Movements and World War ISoviet EraSoviet EraPost-Soviet IndependencePost-Soviet IndependenceInternational Relations and SecurityInternational Relations and SecurityEconomic and Corruption IssuesEconomic and Corruption IssuesMain milestonesMain milestones
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Ukraine - country in Eastern Europe

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03.04.25
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Overview

Ukraine, a country located in Eastern Europe, has a rich and complex history that spans centuries. From its early days under various empires and kingdoms to its modern struggles for independence and sovereignty, Ukraine's history is marked by significant events that have shaped its identity and its place in the world. Here is a timeline highlighting some of the most pivotal moments in Ukraine's history.
Main Milestones
Polish and Lithuanian Rule
1349-1430
During this period, Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth gradually annexed most of what is now western and northern Ukraine. This marked the beginning of external influences that would shape Ukraine's cultural, political, and religious landscape.
Cossack Uprising and Hetmanate
1648-1657
The Cossack uprising against Polish rule led to the establishment of the Hetmanate, which is regarded in Ukraine as the forerunner of the modern independent state. This period saw the emergence of a distinct Ukrainian identity and the beginning of Ukraine's struggle for self-governance.
Annexation by the Russian Empire
1772-1795
Most of western Ukraine was absorbed into the Russian Empire through the partitions of Poland. This period marked the beginning of Russian dominance over Ukraine, which would last for centuries and have profound impacts on Ukrainian culture and politics.
The Holodomor
1932
A man-made famine during Stalin's collectivization campaign resulted in the deaths of millions, mainly ethnic Ukrainians. This tragic event, known as the Holodomor, is considered one of the darkest periods in Ukrainian history and a genocide by many Ukrainians.
Declaration of Independence
1991
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine declared its independence on August 24, 1991. This was confirmed by a referendum in which 92% of Ukrainians voted in favor of independence. This marked the beginning of Ukraine as a free, democratic, and sovereign state.
Russian Annexation of Crimea and Conflict in Eastern Ukraine
2014
Russia illegally occupied Crimea and supported separatist movements in eastern Ukraine, leading to ongoing conflict. This event marked a significant escalation in tensions between Ukraine and Russia and had far-reaching implications for international relations and regional stability.
Full-Scale Russian Invasion
February 24, 2022
Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, marking a new and intense phase of conflict. The invasion has resulted in significant loss of life, displacement of people, and widespread destruction. Ukrainian forces, with international support, have been engaged in a fierce resistance against Russian military actions.
Ukrainian Counteroffensive and Ongoing Conflict
2022-2023
Ukraine, with military assistance from its allies, conducted a major counteroffensive, liberating significant territory in the northeast and east of the country. However, the conflict has become a war of attrition, with both sides suffering heavy losses and the front lines largely stagnated. Despite this, Ukraine has made gains in the Black Sea and continues to resist Russian control.

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Early History and Kyivan Rus'Early History and Kyivan Rus'Economic and Corruption IssuesEconomic and Corruption IssuesHumanitarian and Refugee CrisesHumanitarian and Refugee CrisesInternational Relations and SecurityInternational Relations and SecurityMedieval and Early Modern PeriodsMedieval and Early Modern PeriodsModern Political and International RelationsModern Political and International RelationsPost-Soviet IndependencePost-Soviet IndependenceRussian and Austrian RuleRussian and Austrian RuleSoviet EraSoviet EraUkrainian Independence Movements and World War IUkrainian Independence Movements and World War I
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