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Medieval and Early Modern Periods

This timeline covers the period from the decline of Kievan Rus' to the early modern era, including the influence of various empires and the rise of the Cossacks.
Polish-Lithuanian Rule
1349-1430
Poland and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth annexed most of what is now western and northern Ukraine.
Crimean Khanate
1441
The Crimean Khanate broke free of the Golden Horde and conquered most of modern southern Ukraine.
Establishment of the Greek-Catholic Church
1596
Poland established the Greek-Catholic or Uniate Church in western Ukraine, which came to predominate in the region.
Cossack Uprising and Hetmanate
1648-1657
A Cossack uprising against Polish rule established the Hetmanate, regarded as the forerunner of the modern independent Ukrainian state.
Treaty of Pereyaslavl
1654
The Treaty of Pereyaslavl began the process of transforming the Hetmanate into a vassal of Russia.