Upsilon Carinae

υ Carinae
	Location of υ Carinae (circled)
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Carina
Right ascension	09h 47m 06.12170s
Declination	−65° 04′ 19.2267″
Apparent magnitude (V)	2.97 (+3.08/+6.25)
Characteristics
Spectral type	A8 Ib + B7 III
U−B color index	+0.13
B−V color index	+0.27
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	+13.6±0.5 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −11.51 mas/yr ; Dec.: +4.71 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	2.27±0.28 mas
Distance	approx. 1,400 ly ; (approx. 440 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	−5.26
Details
υ Car A
Mass	10.88 M☉
Radius	96.6 – 100 R☉
Surface gravity (log g)	1.4±0.1 cgs
Temperature	7,500±100 K
Age	23.4 Myr
υ Car B
Mass	8 M☉
Surface gravity (log g)	3.3±0.1 cgs
Temperature	23,000±1,600 K
Other designations
	υ Car, CPD−64°1084, GC 13506, HIP 48002, WDS J09471-6504
	A: HD 85124, HR 3890, SAO 250696
	B: HD 85123, HR 3891, SAO 250695
Database references
SIMBAD	system
	A
	B

Upsilon Carinae is a double star in the southern constellation of Carina. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from υ Carinae, and abbreviated Upsilon Car or υ Car. This pair is part of the Diamond Cross asterism in southern Carina. The Upsilon Carinae system has a combined apparent magnitude of +2.97^[3] and is approximately 1,400 light years (440 parsecs) from Earth.^[2] It is drifting further away with a line of sight velocity of +14 km/s.^[6]

In Chinese, 海石 (Hǎi Dàn), meaning Sea Rock, refers to an asterism consisting of υ Carinae, ε Carinae, ι Carinae, HD 83183 and HD 84810.^[9] Consequently, υ Carinae itself is known as 海石五 (Hǎi Dàn wǔ, English: the Fifth Star of Sea Rock.)^[10]

In the next 7500 years, the south Celestial pole will pass close to these stars and Iota Carinae (8100 CE).^[11]

Properties

The primary component, υ Carinae A, has a stellar classification of A8 Ib, making it a supergiant star that has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and evolved away from its brief main sequence lifetime as an B-type star.^[7] With an apparent magnitude of +3.08,^[4] it has an effective temperature of about 7,500 K,^[7] giving it a white hue. The companion, υ Carinae B, is a giant star with a classification of B7 III,^[4] although Mandrini and Niemela (1986) suggested it may be a subgiant star with a classification of B4–5 IV.^[5] The outer envelope of this star has an effective temperature of around 23,000 K, resulting in the blue-white hue of a B-type star.

The two stars have an angular separation of 5.030 arcseconds. As a binary star system, they would have an estimated orbital period of at least 19,500 years and a present-day separation of around 2,000 Astronomical Units.^[5] This system is roughly 12 million years old.^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. XHIP record for this object at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Nicolet, B. (1978), "Photoelectric photometric Catalogue of homogeneous measurements in the UBV System", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 34: 1–49, Bibcode:1978A&AS...34....1N
^ ^a ^b ^c Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (September 2008), "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389 (2): 869–879, arXiv:0806.2878, Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x, S2CID 14878976
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Samedov, Z. A. (1988), "On the visual binary υ Car and the chemical composition of its brighter component", Izvestiya Krymskoj Astronomicheskoj Observatorii, 79: 57–63, Bibcode:1988IzKry..79...57S
^ ^a ^b Gontcharov, G. A. (2006), "Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system", Astronomy Letters, 32 (11): 759–771, arXiv:1606.08053, Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G, doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065, S2CID 119231169.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Neiner, Coralie; et al. (October 2017), "Discovery of magnetic A supergiants: the descendants of magnetic main-sequence B stars", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 471 (2): 1926–1935, arXiv:1707.00560, Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1926N, doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1549, ISSN 0035-8711
^ "CCDM J09471-6504AB -- Double or multiple star", SIMBAD, Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, retrieved 2012-01-26
^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
^ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 28 日 Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
^ Precession
^ Mandrini, C. H.; Niemela, V. S. (November 1986), "On the visual binary Upsilon Carinae", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 223: 79–85, Bibcode:1986MNRAS.223...79M, doi:10.1093/mnras/223.1.79

External links

Southern Sky Photos

[Anderson2012-1] Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. XHIP record for this object at VizieR.

[aaa474_2_653-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600

[aass34_1-3] Nicolet, B. (1978), "Photoelectric photometric Catalogue of homogeneous measurements in the UBV System", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 34: 1–49, Bibcode:1978A&AS...34....1N

[mnras389_2_869-4] Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (September 2008), "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389 (2): 869–879, arXiv:0806.2878, Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x, S2CID 14878976

[ikao79_57-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Samedov, Z. A. (1988), "On the visual binary υ Car and the chemical composition of its brighter component", Izvestiya Krymskoj Astronomicheskoj Observatorii, 79: 57–63, Bibcode:1988IzKry..79...57S

[Gontcharov_2006-6] Gontcharov, G. A. (2006), "Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system", Astronomy Letters, 32 (11): 759–771, arXiv:1606.08053, Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G, doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065, S2CID 119231169.

[Neiner2017-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Neiner, Coralie; et al. (October 2017), "Discovery of magnetic A supergiants: the descendants of magnetic main-sequence B stars", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 471 (2): 1926–1935, arXiv:1707.00560, Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1926N, doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1549, ISSN 0035-8711

[SIMBAD-8] "CCDM J09471-6504AB -- Double or multiple star", SIMBAD, Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, retrieved 2012-01-26

[zh-9] (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.

[aeea-10] (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 28 日 Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine

[moonkmft-11] Precession

[mnras223_79-12] Mandrini, C. H.; Niemela, V. S. (November 1986), "On the visual binary Upsilon Carinae", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 223: 79–85, Bibcode:1986MNRAS.223...79M, doi:10.1093/mnras/223.1.79

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Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Location of υ Carinae (circled)
Constellation	Carina^[1]
Right ascension	09^h 47^m 06.12170^s^[2]
Declination	−65° 04′ 19.2267″^[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)	2.97^[3] (+3.08/+6.25^[4])
Characteristics
Spectral type	A8 Ib + B7 III^[5]
U−B color index	+0.13^[3]
B−V color index	+0.27^[3]
Astrometry

Radial velocity (R_v)	+13.6±0.5^[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −11.51^[2] mas/yr Dec.: +4.71^[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	2.27±0.28 mas^[2]
Distance	approx. 1,400 ly (approx. 440 pc)
Absolute magnitude (M_V)	−5.26^[1]

Details
υ Car A
Mass	10.88^[7] `M`_☉
Radius	96.6 – 100^[7] `R`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	1.4±0.1^[7] cgs
Temperature	7,500±100^[7] K
Age	23.4^[7] Myr
υ Car B
Mass	8^[5] `M`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	3.3±0.1^[5] cgs
Temperature	23,000±1,600^[5] K
Other designations
υ Car, CPD−64°1084, GC 13506, HIP 48002, WDS J09471-6504^[8]
A: HD 85124, HR 3890, SAO 250696
B: HD 85123, HR 3891, SAO 250695
Database references
SIMBAD	system
	A
	B

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