WNBA draft
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The WNBA draft is an annual draft held by the WNBA through which WNBA teams can select new players from a talent pool of college and professional women's basketball players. The first WNBA draft was held in 1997.
Eligibility
[edit]The WNBA "requires players to be at least 22, to have completed their college eligibility, to have graduated from a four-year college or to be four years removed from high school".[1][2] Since the WNBA draft is currently held in April, before most U.S. colleges and universities have ended their academic years, the league considers anyone scheduled to graduate in the 3 months after the draft to be a "graduate" for draft purposes. The current rules for draft eligibility have been in place since at least 2014.[3][4][5][6]
The specifics of this rule differ in several ways from those used by the NBA for its draft.
- Both drafts make a distinction between U.S. and "international" players. However, the definition of "international player" differs slightly between the two drafts. The NBA defines an "international player" as an individual who has permanently resided outside the U.S. for the three years preceding the draft while playing basketball (amateur or professional), did not complete high school education in the U.S., and has never enrolled in a U.S. college or university. A prospective NBA player's birthplace or citizenship is not relevant to his status as an "international player".[7] On the other hand, the WNBA defines an "international player" as "any person born and residing outside the United States who participates in the game of basketball as an amateur or professional" (emphasis added), and who has never "exercised intercollegiate basketball eligibility" in the U.S.[4] This means that a prospective WNBA player who was born in the United States is treated as a U.S. player, regardless of where she was educated or trained in basketball. Likewise, the association also defines as an "international player" a prospect with non-U.S. nationality even if one of her parents is a natural-born American, unless she has enrolled in a U.S. postsecondary institution.
- The current age limit for NBA draft eligibility is 19, measured on December 31 of the calendar year of the draft.[8] The WNBA's age limit is 20 for "international players" and 22 for U.S. players, both also being measured as of December 31 of the calendar year of the draft.[4]
- A WNBA prospect who graduates from college while under the age limit can be eligible, but only if the calendar year of her college graduation is no earlier than the fourth after her high school graduation.[4]
- In both drafts, players subject to the rules for U.S. players can declare early eligibility; however, the WNBA's higher age limit means that very few such players have the option to make such a declaration.
- For those players who are eligible to declare early, the timing of the declaration process is dramatically different.
- NBA prospects must notify the league office of their intent to enter the draft no later than 60 days prior to the draft,[9] which is currently held in June. Current rules allow prospects to withdraw from the draft and retain college eligibility, as long as they comply with NCAA rules regarding relationships with agents, do not sign a professional contract, and notify the league office of their withdrawal no later than 10 days after the end of the NBA Draft Combine.[10][11]
- WNBA prospects must notify the league office no later than 10 days before the draft, and must renounce any remaining college eligibility to enter the draft. However, because postseason national tournaments (most notably the NCAA Division I tournament) are still ongoing during the 10 days prior to the draft, certain players who would otherwise be eligible to declare cannot do so before the standard deadline. A prospect whose team is still playing during the 10-day window must make her declaration within the 24 hours following her team's final game of the season, but no less than 3 hours before the scheduled start of the draft.[4] The 3-hour period is a historic artifact that stems from the former scheduling of the WNBA draft; from 2006 to 2008, it was held in the city of the women's Final Four on the day after the championship game. Despite media commentary that argued that players involved in the NCAA tournament needed more time to make draft decisions,[12] the most recent WNBA CBA, agreed to in 2020, did not change any draft eligibility rules.[4]
For the 2021 draft only, the league and its players union, the Women's National Basketball Players Association, agreed to modified eligibility rules due to changes brought on by COVID-19. The most significant change is that all age-eligible college players who wished to enter that draft had to opt in. Because the NCAA ruled that the 2020–21 season would not count against the eligibility of any basketball player, everyone who played in that season, regardless of class, had remaining athletic eligibility at the time of the draft. Players who wished to enter the 2021 draft had to renounce college eligibility and notify the WNBA offices by email no later than April 1 of that year. Players involved in the 2021 Final Four had 48 hours after the completion of their final game, instead of the normal 24, to notify the league of their intent to enter the draft.[13]
Structure
[edit]The 1997 WNBA draft was divided into three parts. The first part was the initial allocation of 16 players into individual teams. Players such as Cynthia Cooper and Michelle Timms were assigned to different teams. The second part was the WNBA Elite draft, which was composed of professional women's basketball players who had competed in other leagues. The last part would be the 4 rounds of the regular draft.
The next three seasons to follow 1998, 1999 and 2000 would all have expansion drafts. There would not be another expansion draft until the 2006 season.
All seasons before 2002 had 4 rounds. Since 2003, all drafts are 3 rounds.
In 2003 and 2004, there were dispersal drafts due to the folding of the Cleveland Rockers, Miami Sol and Portland Fire. The players from Rockers, Sol and Fire were reallocated to existing teams. There were also dispersal drafts in 2007 with the folding of the Charlotte Sting, 2009 with the shuttering of the Houston Comets, and in 2010 when the Maloofs cast off the Sacramento Monarchs to focus their resources on the Kings franchise in the NBA.
Players selected
[edit]There are no restrictions on what part of the world the players come from (though under varying rules, international players have been subject to tighter age restrictions within the draft than college players). However, college sports governing bodies, most notably the NCAA, prohibit players from competing in professional leagues simultaneously with their college eligibility. Once the player has joined the WNBA, she is eligible to participate in overseas leagues during the WNBA offseason (many WNBA players play in Europe, Australia, or more recently China).
First picks
[edit]Dena Head is the oldest No. 1 draft pick (she was 27 years old), having graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1992 and the first player ever drafted to the WNBA. Lauren Jackson is the youngest No. 1 draft pick, being drafted at the age of 19. As of 2022, of the 25 championship teams in WNBA history, seventeen of them have had at least one No. 1 overall pick on its roster - from Tina Thompson with the Houston Comets in 1997 to Candace Parker with the Chicago Sky in 2021.[14]
- Notes
- ^ a b c This franchise now competes as the Las Vegas Aces.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Named WNBA Rookie of the Year.
- ^ a b c d e f Started in the WNBA All-Star Game in her rookie season.
- ^ a b c Named as an All-Star Game reserve in her rookie season.
- ^ a b c At the time of this draft, the University of Connecticut used "Connecticut" as its primary athletic brand, with "UConn" as a frequently used short form. "UConn" became the sole athletic brand in the 2013–14 school year.
- ^ Named WNBA MVP in her rookie season.
- ^ Born on the United States Virgin Islands, a U.S. territory.

See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Bishop, Greg (June 16, 2009). "Rutgers Basketball Star to Turn Pro in Europe". The New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
- ^ Analyzing the WNBA's Mandatory Age/Education Policy from a Legal, Cultural, and Ethical Perspective: Women, Men, and the Professional Sports Landscape[permanent dead link] See Note No. 100
- ^ "Article XIII, Section 1: Player Eligibility" (PDF). 2014 Women's National Basketball Association Collective Bargaining Agreement. Women's National Basketball Players Association. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f "Article XIII, Section 1: Player Eligibility" (PDF). 2020 Women's National Basketball Association Collective Bargaining Agreement. Women's National Basketball Players Association. pp. 110–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
- ^ "Who is eligible to enter the WNBA draft? Rules to know". ESPN.com. April 11, 2025. Retrieved August 26, 2025.
- ^ "2025 WNBA Draft: Explaining the current eligibility rules for domestic and international players". CBSSports.com. April 10, 2025. Retrieved August 26, 2025.
- ^ Coon, Larry (July 1, 2018). "76. What are the rules relating to international players and teams?". NBA Salary Cap FAQ. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
- ^ "Article X, Section 1(b)(ii)" (PDF). 2017 NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement. National Basketball Players Association. January 19, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- ^ "Article X, Section 1(b)(ii)(F)" (PDF). 2017 NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement. National Basketball Players Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- ^ Goodman, Jeff (January 13, 2016). "College players given extra time to mull NBA draft decision". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
- ^ "Flexibility for going pro and getting a degree". NCAA.org. NCAA. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
- ^ Litman, Laken (April 10, 2019). "Jackie Young, Future Players Need More Than 24 Hours to Enter WNBA Draft". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
- ^ "College players will need to opt-in to upcoming WNBA draft". ESPN.com. Associated Press. March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
- ^ "The Success of No. 1 Overall Picks in the WNBA - WNBA". www.wnba.com. Retrieved August 26, 2025.
- ^ "WNBA.com:McCarville, White, Irvin Go First in the 2005 WNBA Draft". www.wnba.com. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
External links
[edit]WNBA draft
View on GrokipediaHistory
Origins and Establishment
The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) was established by the National Basketball Association (NBA) on April 24, 1996, when the NBA Board of Governors approved the creation of a professional women's basketball league to capitalize on growing interest in the sport following the U.S. women's national team's gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.[9] The league's formation aimed to provide a structured professional outlet for top female talent, with initial plans for eight charter franchises in cities including Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and Phoenix.[9] To rapidly build rosters for these inaugural teams ahead of the 1997 season, the WNBA introduced a multi-phase player selection process in early 1997, prioritizing college seniors and recent graduates from U.S. programs due to the scarcity of established domestic professional opportunities for women at the time—the American Basketball League had only recently launched its inaugural season in the fall of 1996.[10] This began with the direct allocation of 16 high-profile players to specific teams on January 22, 1997, followed by the Elite Draft on February 27, 1997, which added 16 international and veteran players across two rounds.[11][12] The core component, the inaugural college draft held on April 28, 1997, consisted of four rounds selecting 32 amateur athletes, enabling each team to assemble a foundational roster of 16 players.[12][13] The Houston Comets secured the first overall pick in this college draft, selecting forward Tina Thompson from the University of Southern California, who would go on to become a cornerstone of the league's early success as a nine-time All-Star and four-time champion.[12] This selection underscored the draft's role in transitioning elite collegiate talent directly into professional play, filling a gap left by the absence of a robust U.S.-based women's pro circuit.[14] Overall, the 1997 draft process was integral to the WNBA's launch, providing the eight teams with competitive lineups for their debut on June 21, 1997, and setting the stage for the league's growth in subsequent years.[9]Format Evolution and Expansion
The WNBA draft began with a four-round structure in 1997, aligning with the league's inaugural season featuring eight teams, where each franchise selected 16 players across an elite draft, territorial picks, and the regular draft. The format was reduced to three rounds starting with the 2003 draft, as the league stabilized following expansions and contractions. From 2010 onward, with a 12-team league, the three-round format featured 12 picks per round (36 total selections), emphasizing quality over quantity in selections while allowing undrafted players to enter free agency immediately as unrestricted free agents, a rule established early to provide opportunities beyond the draft board.[15][16] This three-round system persisted through 2024.[17] League expansion significantly influenced draft formatting, growing from eight teams in 1997 to 10 in 1998 (adding Detroit Shock and Washington Mystics), 12 in 1999 (adding Minnesota Lynx and Orlando Miracle), and peaking at 16 in 2000 (adding Cleveland Rockers, Indiana Fever, Miami Sol, Portland Fire, Sacramento Monarchs, and Seattle Storm) before contractions reduced it to 13 teams for the 2009 season (after Houston Comets folded following 2008) and 12 teams for the 2010 season (after Sacramento Monarchs folded following 2009).[18] The addition of the Golden State Valkyries as the 13th franchise in 2025 maintained the three-round format but increased selections to 13 picks per round, totaling 39 picks, to distribute talent more equitably across the expanded roster pool and accommodate deeper international and domestic prospect classes.[19] This adjustment, held on April 14, 2025, at The Shed in New York City, underscored the league's growth strategy amid rising popularity. In June 2025, the WNBA announced further expansion to 18 teams by 2030, with new franchises in Cleveland (2028), Detroit (2029), and Philadelphia (2030).[20][21] Key structural changes included the introduction of a draft lottery in 2002 to determine the No. 1 pick among non-playoff teams, initially with equal odds for the four worst teams to promote competitive balance, replacing the prior straight reverse-order system. In 2015, the lottery adopted a weighted system based on two-year cumulative records, guaranteeing the worst-performing team at least the third pick while assigning higher odds (up to 44.2% for the top selection) to teams with poorer records, a reform aimed at discouraging intentional tanking.[22] These evolutions, coupled with persistent undrafted free agency provisions allowing teams to sign overlooked talent post-draft without restrictions, have adapted the process to the league's maturation and expansion through 2025.[16]Eligibility
Domestic Players
Domestic players in the WNBA draft, typically U.S.-based college athletes, must meet strict eligibility criteria tied to age and academic progress to ensure they have completed or renounced their collegiate careers. The core requirements are that a player must satisfy one of the following: turn at least 22 years old during the calendar year of the draft, have graduated from a four-year college or university (or be graduating within three months after the draft), or be four years removed from their high school graduation class. In all cases, players must have no remaining NCAA eligibility or formally renounce it. This rule, established to promote educational completion, prohibits direct entry from high school.[4][23][24] Underclassmen—such as juniors or sophomores—who wish to enter the draft early must declare by a specific deadline, typically in late March (e.g., March 31 for the 2025 draft), and permanently renounce their remaining NCAA eligibility, preventing any return to college if undrafted. This declaration process involves submitting written notification to the WNBA, often coordinated through an NCAA liaison to verify compliance and inform the player's institution. Players whose teams advance in the postseason have extended windows, such as 48 hours after their final game, to submit intentions. A notable example is Satou Sabally, who declared after her junior year at Oregon for the 2020 WNBA draft, having turned 22 that year and renouncing her senior eligibility.[5][25][26][27] In contrast to the NBA's more lenient "one-and-done" policy, which allows players to enter after one college year at age 19 without graduation requirements, the WNBA enforces stricter standards to prioritize degree attainment and maturity. This approach eliminates loopholes for immediate professional jumps post-high school and limits early entries to those meeting the age, graduation, or post-high school tenure benchmarks, fostering longer college tenures among domestic talent.[28][29]International Players
International players in the WNBA draft are defined as any individuals born and residing outside the United States who participate in basketball as amateurs or professionals. To be eligible, they must turn at least 20 years old during the calendar year of the draft, with no upper age limit imposed. Unlike domestic players, there is no requirement for college graduation or prior NCAA participation; eligibility becomes automatic upon meeting the age criterion, though players may need to register through the WNBA or FIBA for official inclusion in draft materials.[1][5] These rules open pathways for professional athletes from overseas leagues, such as those in Europe or Australia, as well as prospects who forgo U.S. college basketball entirely. International players can declare for the draft without having played in the NCAA, allowing teams to scout talent globally from an earlier age relative to domestic eligibility standards, which tie entry to age 22 or college completion. This distinction facilitates broader international scouting, unencumbered by NCAA constraints, as seen in the 2025 draft class where prospects like Lithuanian guard Justė Jocytė—born in the U.S. but raised abroad and playing professionally overseas—were ruled eligible despite limited American ties.[24][30] Notable examples illustrate these pathways, such as Han Xu, who in 2019 became the first Chinese player drafted into the WNBA in over two decades when selected 14th overall by the New York Liberty after competing professionally in China. Undrafted international players retain flexibility to sign as free agents or training camp contracts with WNBA teams post-draft, providing additional entry routes beyond selection. These provisions, stable under the 2020–2027 collective bargaining agreement, which remains in effect as of 2025, underscore the league's emphasis on global talent acquisition.[31][24]Draft Process
Lottery and Pick Order
The WNBA draft lottery determines the order of the top picks among the league's non-playoff teams from the previous season. Introduced in November 2001 for the 2002 draft, the inaugural lottery determined the top three selections among the four non-playoff teams.[32] This system replaced a straight reverse-order format to introduce an element of chance, aiming to discourage intentional underperformance or "tanking" by teams seeking high draft picks.[33] The lottery process is overseen by an independent accounting firm, Ernst & Young, which conducts a weighted drawing using 1,000 combinable entries assigned based on each team's cumulative regular-season records over the prior two years.[34] Prior to the league's expansion to 13 teams in 2025, the format adopted in 2015 involved four non-playoff teams, with the team with the worst two-year record receiving 442 combinations (44.2% chance for the No. 1 pick), the second-worst 276 (27.6%), the third-worst 178 (17.8%), and the fourth-worst 104 (10.4%).[35] The drawing selected the top two picks sequentially; the remaining two lottery teams were then slotted third and fourth based on their two-year records, from worst to best.[6] Following the expansion, as of the 2026 draft, the lottery includes the five non-playoff teams, determining the top five picks with odds of 420 (42.0%), 261 (26.1%), 167 (16.7%), 97 (9.7%), and 55 (5.5%) combinations out of 1,000 for the worst to fifth-worst records, respectively. The drawing selects the top two picks, with the remaining three slotted third through fifth based on records.[6] This structure ensures no team is guaranteed the top pick, further incentivizing competitive play throughout the season, as a single poor year cannot fully override a prior strong performance.[36] Lottery eligibility is tied to team records and unaffected by trades of draft picks, preserving the incentive alignment for on-court performance.[37] Following the lottery, the remaining first-round picks (6 through 13 as of 2025) are assigned in reverse order of the previous season's final regular-season standings among the playoff teams.[37] The lottery is typically held in November, several months before the April draft, allowing teams time to prepare; for instance, the 2025 lottery occurred on November 17, 2024, while the 2026 event is scheduled for November 23, 2025.[6] This pre-draft announcement promotes transparency and strategic planning across the league.[38]Rounds and Selection Mechanics
The WNBA draft consists of three rounds, with each of the league's teams allocated one pick per round under normal circumstances.[39] In 2025, following the league's expansion to 13 teams with the addition of the Golden State Valkyries, the draft featured 12 picks in the first round—due to the Las Vegas Aces' forfeiture of their selection as a penalty for league violations—and 13 picks each in the second and third rounds, resulting in a total of 38 selections.[40] The event is conducted in a single evening, such as the 2025 draft held on April 14 at The Shed in New York City, broadcast live on ESPN starting at 7:30 p.m. ET. Selections proceed sequentially by round, with the WNBA Commissioner announcing each pick on stage, including the player's name, position, college or international team, and the selecting franchise.[1] Teams submit their choices to league officials, who verify eligibility before the announcement; top prospects often attend in person, while others are represented by agents or family. During the draft, franchises frequently engage in trades for picks or future draft rights, negotiated on-site and approved by the league in real time to maintain the flow of selections. Each pick typically takes 2 to 5 minutes, enabling a brisk pace that completes all rounds within approximately 3 hours.[41] Upon conclusion of the final round, undrafted eligible players immediately become free agents and can negotiate and sign training camp contracts with any team, often securing opportunities based on pre-draft scouting. Pre-draft activities, including the annual WNBA Draft Combine and team workouts held in March, provide essential scouting data that informs team evaluations but do not influence the predetermined order of picks.Notable Selections
First Overall Picks
The first overall pick in the WNBA Draft represents the league's premier talent acquisition, typically a standout college player or international prospect poised to anchor a franchise. From the inaugural 1997 draft through 2025, 29 players have been selected first overall, with these choices often catalyzing team rebuilds and contributing to championship runs. While early drafts included international selections, the position has overwhelmingly favored NCAA standouts, particularly from powerhouse programs like UConn.[8] The following table lists all first overall picks, including the drafting team, player's background, and key career highlights such as championships, MVP awards, and Rookie of the Year honors where applicable. Data draws from official league records and reflects achievements as of the end of the 2025 season.[42][43]| Year | Player | Team | Background | Career Highlights |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Tina Thompson | Houston Comets | USC | 4× WNBA Champion, 9× All-Star, 2000 All-Star MVP |
| 1998 | Margo Dydek | Utah Starzz | Poland (international) | 2× All-Star, All-time WNBA blocks leader |
| 1999 | Chamique Holdsclaw | Washington Mystics | Tennessee | 1× Rookie of the Year |
| 2000 | Ann Wauters | Cleveland Rockers | Belgium (international) | 3× All-Star |
| 2001 | Lauren Jackson | Seattle Storm | Australia (international) | 2× WNBA Champion, 3× MVP, 7× All-Star |
| 2002 | Sue Bird | Seattle Storm | UConn | 4× WNBA Champion, 1× Rookie of the Year |
| 2003 | LaToya Thomas | Cleveland Rockers | Mississippi State | None |
| 2004 | Diana Taurasi | Phoenix Mercury | UConn | 3× WNBA Champion, 1× MVP, 1× Rookie of the Year |
| 2005 | Janel McCarville | Charlotte Sting | Minnesota | None |
| 2006 | Seimone Augustus | Minnesota Lynx | LSU | 4× WNBA Champion, 3× All-Star, 1× Rookie of the Year |
| 2007 | Lindsey Harding | Phoenix Mercury | Duke | None |
| 2008 | Candace Parker | Los Angeles Sparks | Tennessee | 3× WNBA Champion, 2× MVP, 1× Rookie of the Year, 1× Finals MVP |
| 2009 | Angel McCoughtry | Atlanta Dream | Louisville | 1× Rookie of the Year |
| 2010 | Tina Charles | Connecticut Sun | UConn | 3× WNBA Champion, 3× MVP, 1× Rookie of the Year |
| 2011 | Maya Moore | Minnesota Lynx | UConn | 4× WNBA Champion, 1× MVP, 1× Rookie of the Year, 1× Finals MVP |
| 2012 | Nneka Ogwumike | Los Angeles Sparks | Stanford | 1× WNBA Champion, 1× MVP, 1× Rookie of the Year |
| 2013 | Brittney Griner | Phoenix Mercury | Baylor | 3× WNBA Champion, 1× Defensive Player of the Year |
| 2014 | Chiney Ogwumike | Connecticut Sun | Stanford | 1× Rookie of the Year |
| 2015 | Jewell Loyd | Seattle Storm | Notre Dame | 2× WNBA Champion |
| 2016 | Breanna Stewart | Seattle Storm | UConn | 4× WNBA Champion, 2× MVP, 1× Rookie of the Year, 1× Finals MVP |
| 2017 | Kelsey Plum | San Antonio Stars | Washington | 1× WNBA Champion |
| 2018 | A'ja Wilson | Las Vegas Aces | South Carolina | 2× WNBA Champion, 3× MVP, 1× Rookie of the Year, 1× Finals MVP |
| 2019 | Jackie Young | Las Vegas Aces | Notre Dame | 2× WNBA Champion |
| 2020 | Sabrina Ionescu | New York Liberty | Oregon | 1× All-Star |
| 2021 | Charli Collier | Dallas Wings | Texas | None |
| 2022 | Rhyne Howard | Atlanta Dream | Kentucky | 1× Rookie of the Year |
| 2023 | Aliyah Boston | Indiana Fever | South Carolina | 1× Rookie of the Year, 1× Defensive Player of the Year |
| 2024 | Caitlin Clark | Indiana Fever | Iowa | 1× Rookie of the Year, 1× All-Star |
| 2025 | Paige Bueckers | Dallas Wings | UConn | 1× Rookie of the Year, All-Rookie Team |