The Mirdom of Wakhan (Persian: میری گری واخان, romanized: Mīrīgarī-yi Wakhān), Principality of Wakhan (Persian: شاهزاده‌نشین واخان, romanized: Shāhzādanishīn-ī Wākhān), or the Khanate of Wakhan (Persian: خانات واخان, romanized: Khānāt-e Wakhān) was a semi-independent Wakhi principality in Central Asia that existed until 1883. It controlled both banks of the Upper Amu Darya and was governed by a hereditary chieftain known as a mir, with its capital at Qala-i-Panjah.

Wakhan had existed since the time of the Sasanian Empire when it was subjugated by the latter in 224 until 651 when the authority there collapsed. They were also subjugated by the Hephthalites, the First Turkic Khaganate, the Tibetan Empire, the Tang dynasty, the Samanid Empire, and later many Turko-Mongol khanates until their eventual subjugation by the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire in the late 19th century.

Nonetheless, Wakhan's origin story is obscure. According to local tradition, in 1581 four brothers from Iran travelled to Badakhshan to spread the Isma'ili doctrine and eventually settled in the region. The people of Wakhan chose Shah Khudadad as their ruler and founded the Mirdom.

During the reign of Shah Qirghiz, ruler of Darvaz from 1638 to 1668, Wakhan, Karategin, Roshan, Shughnan, and Wakhsh were under his control. However, upon his death and during the reign of his successor, Maḥmūd Shah, Wakhan and Shughnan-Roshan were able to declare their independence.

Despite occasionally being under direct Qing Chinese or Khoqandian suzerainty, for the most part prior to the Great Game, Wakhan was a tributary to Badakhshan, which itself was a tributary state of Qing China.

Little information is known about the Wakhi mirs before the 19th century. The first Mir we have any information on is Jahan Khan, who reigned from 1740 to 1775. In Mirza Muhammad Ghufran's "New History of Chitral", Jahan Khan is portrayed as a raider and looter of Chitral. He is mentioned when one of his daughters was married to the ruler of Badakhshan. Jahān Khan is also credited with building the new capital of Wakhan, Qal'ah-yi Panjah, which would serve as the capital of Wakhan until the early 20th century when it switched to Khandut. The area was full of arable land and was close to the states of Hunza and Chitral, which often had good relations with the Mirs of Wakhan. They often fled there from raids by the rulers of Badakhshan.

Jahan Khan was succeeded by his eldest son, Muhammad Rahim Beg. Muhammad Rahim Beg tried to assert his independence by refusing to pay taxes to Badakhshan, a dependency of the Khanate of Qunduz. The ruler of the khanate, Muhammad Murad Beg, tried to appoint members of his Qataghani Uzbek tribesmen to the region. Muhammad 'Ali Beg was sent towards Wakhan but he was killed at Qal'eh-ye Panjeh and his army was routed. This likely occurred around c. 1830. His brother, Kuhkan Beg, was sent to avenge his death, causing the Wakhi mir to flee to Chitral. Kuhkan Bek followed him to Chitral and was well-received by the mehtar, Aman al-Mulk. However, the mehtar changed his mind and ordered the assassination of Kuhkan Bek. After his death, the Uzbek forces left Wakhan and Chitral, allowing Muhammad Rahim Beg to reclaim his throne.

During these events, a British traveller named John Wood arrived in Qal'ah-yi Panjah in April 1838. The Wakhi mir was unable to assist Wood, as he was summoned by Muhammad Murad Beg at Qunduz. Wood warned Muhammad Rahim Beg to attend the summons. Muhammad Murad Beg would later arrest Rahim Beg as he arrived in Qunduz. Wood's interpreter, who had given evidence against Rahim Beg, stated that he was brutally beaten to death by Murad Beg himself in front of his guests, helped by a Wakhi resident whose father was killed during the invasion.