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Hub AI
Water splitting AI simulator
(@Water splitting_simulator)
Hub AI
Water splitting AI simulator
(@Water splitting_simulator)
Water splitting
Water splitting is the endergonic chemical reaction in which water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen:
Efficient and economical water splitting would be a technological breakthrough that could underpin a hydrogen economy. A version of water splitting occurs in photosynthesis, but hydrogen is not released but rather used ionically to drive the Calvin cycle. The reverse of water splitting is the basis of the hydrogen fuel cell. Water splitting using solar radiation has not been commercialized.
Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2):
Production of hydrogen from water is energy intensive. Usually, the electricity consumed is more valuable than the hydrogen produced, so this method has not been widely used. In contrast with low-temperature electrolysis, high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) of water converts more of the initial heat energy into chemical energy (hydrogen), potentially doubling efficiency to about 50%.[citation needed] Because some of the energy in HTE is supplied in the form of heat, less of the energy must be converted twice (from heat to electricity, and then to chemical form), and so the process is more efficient.[citation needed]
High-temperature electrolysis (also HTE or steam electrolysis) is a method for the production of hydrogen from water with oxygen as a by-product.
A version of water splitting occurs in photosynthesis but the electrons are shunted, not to protons, but to the electron transport chain in photosystem II. The electrons are used to reduce carbon dioxide, which eventually becomes incorporated into sugars.
Photo-excitation of photosystem I initiates electron transfer to a series of electron acceptors, eventually reducing NADP+ to NADPH. The oxidized photosystem I captures electrons from photosystem II through a series of steps involving plastoquinone, cytochromes, and plastocyanin. Oxidized photosystem II oxidizes the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which converts water into O2 and protons. Since the active site of the OEC contains manganese, much research has aimed at synthetic Mn compounds as catalysts for water oxidation.
In biological hydrogen production, the electrons produced by the photosystem are shunted not to a chemical synthesis apparatus but to hydrogenases, resulting in formation of H2. This biohydrogen is produced in a bioreactor.
Water splitting
Water splitting is the endergonic chemical reaction in which water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen:
Efficient and economical water splitting would be a technological breakthrough that could underpin a hydrogen economy. A version of water splitting occurs in photosynthesis, but hydrogen is not released but rather used ionically to drive the Calvin cycle. The reverse of water splitting is the basis of the hydrogen fuel cell. Water splitting using solar radiation has not been commercialized.
Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2):
Production of hydrogen from water is energy intensive. Usually, the electricity consumed is more valuable than the hydrogen produced, so this method has not been widely used. In contrast with low-temperature electrolysis, high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) of water converts more of the initial heat energy into chemical energy (hydrogen), potentially doubling efficiency to about 50%.[citation needed] Because some of the energy in HTE is supplied in the form of heat, less of the energy must be converted twice (from heat to electricity, and then to chemical form), and so the process is more efficient.[citation needed]
High-temperature electrolysis (also HTE or steam electrolysis) is a method for the production of hydrogen from water with oxygen as a by-product.
A version of water splitting occurs in photosynthesis but the electrons are shunted, not to protons, but to the electron transport chain in photosystem II. The electrons are used to reduce carbon dioxide, which eventually becomes incorporated into sugars.
Photo-excitation of photosystem I initiates electron transfer to a series of electron acceptors, eventually reducing NADP+ to NADPH. The oxidized photosystem I captures electrons from photosystem II through a series of steps involving plastoquinone, cytochromes, and plastocyanin. Oxidized photosystem II oxidizes the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which converts water into O2 and protons. Since the active site of the OEC contains manganese, much research has aimed at synthetic Mn compounds as catalysts for water oxidation.
In biological hydrogen production, the electrons produced by the photosystem are shunted not to a chemical synthesis apparatus but to hydrogenases, resulting in formation of H2. This biohydrogen is produced in a bioreactor.
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