.png/1780px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kolchak_government_(unofficial).png)
Recent from talks
White Army
Knowledge base stats:
Talk channels stats:
Members stats:
White Army
The White Army, also known as the White Guard, the White Guardsmen, or simply the Whites, was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and anti-Bolshevik governments during the Russian Civil War. They fought against the Red Army of Soviet Russia.
When it was created, the structure of the Russian Army during the period of the Russian Provisional Government was used, while almost every individual formation had its own characteristics. The military art of the White Army was based on the experience of the First World War which left a strong imprint on the specifics of the Russian Civil War.
The name "White" is associated with white symbols of the supporters of the pre-revolutionary order, dating back to the time of the French Revolution, in contrast to the name of the Red Guard detachments, and then the Red Army. For the first time, the name "White Guard" was used in Russia for Finnish police detachments created in 1906 to fight the revolutionary movement. Their members wore white bandages on their sleeves; however, this did not have a direct connection with the White Army during the Russian Civil War.
The White Armies comprised a number of different groups, who operated independently and did not share a single ideology or political goal. Their leaders were conservative or moderate generals and political leaders, each with different goals and plans to achieve them, and most of these armies did not coordinate their actions. The chain of command in each, as well as individual members, differed from experienced veterans of World War I to fresh volunteers.
The White Guards, in addition to directly fighting with the Reds as well as the Makhnovtsi, carried out the White Terror, taking part in mass executions, including assisting allied foreign interventionists (for example, 257 civilians were killed in 1919 in the course of the struggle in the village of Ivanovka of the Japanese Army and the White Guards against the pro-Bolshevik detachments of partisans). The overall number of people killed in the White Terror is significantly less than that in the Bolshevik Red Terror, which drastically differed from its counterpart as it was deliberately organized and run by Bolshevik leaders. However, the total estimates for the White Terror are difficult to ascertain due to the role of multiple administrations and violence perpetrated by undisciplined, independent (White movement) forces.
Historian Ronald Suny notes that a higher proportion of anti-semitic attacks were committed by the White military, which accounted for 17% of the anti-Jewish atrocities during the Russian Civil War. Suny stated that the casualties of the White Terror would have exceeded the Red Terror with the inclusion of anti-Soviet violence and Jewish pogroms into the death toll. According to historian Marcel Liebman, the Red Terror was initiated in response to several planned assassinations of Bolshevik leaders and the initial massacres of Red prisoners in Moscow and during the Finnish Civil War by Finnish Whites.
After the October Revolution, the arrested generals Lavr Kornilov, Anton Denikin, Sergey Markov and others were released by Commander-in-Chief Nikolay Dukhonin before his removal and subsequent murder by the mob and went to Don Host to Ataman Alexey Kaledin. The Don region abandoned the power of the Soviets and proclaimed independence "before the formation of a nation-wide, popularly recognized government". The first White Army was created by Mikhail Alekseyev, calling it the "Alekseyev Organization". Officers were recruited on a voluntary basis. A Volunteer Army was created from the members of this organization. Generals Kaledin and Kornilov joined him. Three months later, in April 1918, the Council of Defense of the Don Host formed the Don Army. In May 1918, the Drozdov brigade joined the Volunteer Army from the Romanian Front.
Among those who came to the Don were public figures. One of the first to join the Alekseyev organization was Vasily Shulgin, who later became a member of the Special Meeting under Denikin. Boris Savinkov—the former head of the Socialist Revolutionary Combat Organization, who organized the Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom under the Volunteer Army—was also there. Military leaders and Cossacks reacted extremely negatively to his presence.
Hub AI
White Army AI simulator
(@White Army_simulator)
White Army
The White Army, also known as the White Guard, the White Guardsmen, or simply the Whites, was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and anti-Bolshevik governments during the Russian Civil War. They fought against the Red Army of Soviet Russia.
When it was created, the structure of the Russian Army during the period of the Russian Provisional Government was used, while almost every individual formation had its own characteristics. The military art of the White Army was based on the experience of the First World War which left a strong imprint on the specifics of the Russian Civil War.
The name "White" is associated with white symbols of the supporters of the pre-revolutionary order, dating back to the time of the French Revolution, in contrast to the name of the Red Guard detachments, and then the Red Army. For the first time, the name "White Guard" was used in Russia for Finnish police detachments created in 1906 to fight the revolutionary movement. Their members wore white bandages on their sleeves; however, this did not have a direct connection with the White Army during the Russian Civil War.
The White Armies comprised a number of different groups, who operated independently and did not share a single ideology or political goal. Their leaders were conservative or moderate generals and political leaders, each with different goals and plans to achieve them, and most of these armies did not coordinate their actions. The chain of command in each, as well as individual members, differed from experienced veterans of World War I to fresh volunteers.
The White Guards, in addition to directly fighting with the Reds as well as the Makhnovtsi, carried out the White Terror, taking part in mass executions, including assisting allied foreign interventionists (for example, 257 civilians were killed in 1919 in the course of the struggle in the village of Ivanovka of the Japanese Army and the White Guards against the pro-Bolshevik detachments of partisans). The overall number of people killed in the White Terror is significantly less than that in the Bolshevik Red Terror, which drastically differed from its counterpart as it was deliberately organized and run by Bolshevik leaders. However, the total estimates for the White Terror are difficult to ascertain due to the role of multiple administrations and violence perpetrated by undisciplined, independent (White movement) forces.
Historian Ronald Suny notes that a higher proportion of anti-semitic attacks were committed by the White military, which accounted for 17% of the anti-Jewish atrocities during the Russian Civil War. Suny stated that the casualties of the White Terror would have exceeded the Red Terror with the inclusion of anti-Soviet violence and Jewish pogroms into the death toll. According to historian Marcel Liebman, the Red Terror was initiated in response to several planned assassinations of Bolshevik leaders and the initial massacres of Red prisoners in Moscow and during the Finnish Civil War by Finnish Whites.
After the October Revolution, the arrested generals Lavr Kornilov, Anton Denikin, Sergey Markov and others were released by Commander-in-Chief Nikolay Dukhonin before his removal and subsequent murder by the mob and went to Don Host to Ataman Alexey Kaledin. The Don region abandoned the power of the Soviets and proclaimed independence "before the formation of a nation-wide, popularly recognized government". The first White Army was created by Mikhail Alekseyev, calling it the "Alekseyev Organization". Officers were recruited on a voluntary basis. A Volunteer Army was created from the members of this organization. Generals Kaledin and Kornilov joined him. Three months later, in April 1918, the Council of Defense of the Don Host formed the Don Army. In May 1918, the Drozdov brigade joined the Volunteer Army from the Romanian Front.
Among those who came to the Don were public figures. One of the first to join the Alekseyev organization was Vasily Shulgin, who later became a member of the Special Meeting under Denikin. Boris Savinkov—the former head of the Socialist Revolutionary Combat Organization, who organized the Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom under the Volunteer Army—was also there. Military leaders and Cossacks reacted extremely negatively to his presence.
Recent media