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Yunus Khan
Yunus Khan (b. 1416 – d. 1487) (Chagatai and Persian: یونس خان), was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death in 1487. He is identified by many historians with Ḥājjī `Ali (Chinese: 哈只阿力, Pinyin: Hazhi Ali; Chagatai and Persian: حاجی علی), of the contemporary Chinese records. He was the maternal grandfather of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire.
Yunus Khan was a direct male-line descendant of Genghis Khan, through his son Chagatai Khan.
Yunus Ali was the eldest son of Uwais Khan (or Vais Khan) of Moghulistan. Babur refers to Yunus Khan's mother as a daughter or granddaughter of Shaykh Nuruddin Beg, a Kipchak beg patronised by Timur. Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, another grandson of Yunus Khan, calls this woman Daulat Sultan Sakanj, and specifically identifies her as Shaykh Nuruddin Beg's daughter. He also names her paternal grandfather as Sar Bugha Kipchak, one of Timur's most prominent generals.
When Vais Khan was killed in 1428 AD, the Moghuls were split as to who should succeed him. Although 12-year-old Yunus Khan was his eldest son, the majority favored Yunus' younger brother, Esen Buqa. As a result, Yunus and his supporters fled to Ulugh Beg, the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana, who however imprisoned the group. Ulugh Beg's father, Shah Rukh, took charge of the young Yunus and treated him well. He sent Yunus to Yazd in Iran to study under Maulana Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi. Yunus Khan spent several years studying under the Maulana in Yazd, in the process becoming one of the most educated Moghuls of his time. After the Maulana died, Yunus wandered around for some time before settling down in the city of Shiraz in Iran.
The following observation was made by a religious dignitary called Mauláná Muhammad Kázi:
I had heard that Yunus Khán was a Moghul, and I concluded that he was a beardless man, with the ways and manners of any other Turk of the desert. But when I saw him, I found he was a person of elegant deportment, with a full beard and a Tájik face, and such refined speech and manner, as is seldom to be found even in a Tájik.
In 1456, Abu Sa'id, the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana, sent for Yunus Khan. Abu Sa'id had become annoyed with the frequent raids that the Moghuls under Esen Buqa made into his territory and wanted to put an end to the menace. He knew that Esen Buqa had dispossessed Yunus, and that the latter would welcome the chance for a comeback; further, Yunus had both a claim on his brother's throne and kinship ties within the community. Abu Sa'id therefore raised Yunus to Khanship by placing him at the head of an army and sent him to Moghulistan to reduce his brother.
As expected, Yunus Khan's ties of kinship and claim to tribal leadership proved great advantages. He quickly gained the support of several amirs (nobles) and married the daughter one of them, Mir Pir Haji Kunji. Her name was Aisan Daulat Begum, and she is believed to have been his first wife, although Yunus was already about 40 years old by this time. She would bear Yunus three daughters:
Yunus Khan
Yunus Khan (b. 1416 – d. 1487) (Chagatai and Persian: یونس خان), was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death in 1487. He is identified by many historians with Ḥājjī `Ali (Chinese: 哈只阿力, Pinyin: Hazhi Ali; Chagatai and Persian: حاجی علی), of the contemporary Chinese records. He was the maternal grandfather of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire.
Yunus Khan was a direct male-line descendant of Genghis Khan, through his son Chagatai Khan.
Yunus Ali was the eldest son of Uwais Khan (or Vais Khan) of Moghulistan. Babur refers to Yunus Khan's mother as a daughter or granddaughter of Shaykh Nuruddin Beg, a Kipchak beg patronised by Timur. Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, another grandson of Yunus Khan, calls this woman Daulat Sultan Sakanj, and specifically identifies her as Shaykh Nuruddin Beg's daughter. He also names her paternal grandfather as Sar Bugha Kipchak, one of Timur's most prominent generals.
When Vais Khan was killed in 1428 AD, the Moghuls were split as to who should succeed him. Although 12-year-old Yunus Khan was his eldest son, the majority favored Yunus' younger brother, Esen Buqa. As a result, Yunus and his supporters fled to Ulugh Beg, the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana, who however imprisoned the group. Ulugh Beg's father, Shah Rukh, took charge of the young Yunus and treated him well. He sent Yunus to Yazd in Iran to study under Maulana Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi. Yunus Khan spent several years studying under the Maulana in Yazd, in the process becoming one of the most educated Moghuls of his time. After the Maulana died, Yunus wandered around for some time before settling down in the city of Shiraz in Iran.
The following observation was made by a religious dignitary called Mauláná Muhammad Kázi:
I had heard that Yunus Khán was a Moghul, and I concluded that he was a beardless man, with the ways and manners of any other Turk of the desert. But when I saw him, I found he was a person of elegant deportment, with a full beard and a Tájik face, and such refined speech and manner, as is seldom to be found even in a Tájik.
In 1456, Abu Sa'id, the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana, sent for Yunus Khan. Abu Sa'id had become annoyed with the frequent raids that the Moghuls under Esen Buqa made into his territory and wanted to put an end to the menace. He knew that Esen Buqa had dispossessed Yunus, and that the latter would welcome the chance for a comeback; further, Yunus had both a claim on his brother's throne and kinship ties within the community. Abu Sa'id therefore raised Yunus to Khanship by placing him at the head of an army and sent him to Moghulistan to reduce his brother.
As expected, Yunus Khan's ties of kinship and claim to tribal leadership proved great advantages. He quickly gained the support of several amirs (nobles) and married the daughter one of them, Mir Pir Haji Kunji. Her name was Aisan Daulat Begum, and she is believed to have been his first wife, although Yunus was already about 40 years old by this time. She would bear Yunus three daughters:
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