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Yuwibara
The Yuwibara, also written Yuibera and Juipera and also known as Yuwi, after their language, are an Aboriginal Australian people, originating from the area around present-day Mackay, on the east coast of Queensland, Australia.
According to Norman Tindale's classification, the Yuibera lands, starting from Mackay, were calculated to encompass roughly 1,100 square miles (2,800 km2), ran from St. Helens south to Cape Palmerston and inland reached as far as the Connors Range. The Gia were to their north; the Biri in the area northwest of them; Wiri lay on their western flank, and beyond them the Barna. To their south were the Barada and, along the coast, the Koinjmal. The Yuibera were restricted to the coastal end of the Pioneer Valley, and were one of four peoples within 84 kilometres (52 mi) of Mackay.
In Mackay and its surrounding areas, six peoples have been identified: other than the Yuwibara, these were the Wiri, Biria, Jangga, Barna and Barada, with each group estimated to have consisted of 500 members. The Yuwibara people are said to have been the most dominant group in the area, occupying what is now Mackay City, the coast from St. Helens to Cape Palmerston and further inland to the Connor's Range. Boundaries were marked by natural features and punishment for incurring on other groups' territories was severe.
What is now known as Cape Hillsborough was and remains of particular significance for the Yuwibara people. Firstly, it was a hunting and gathering ground for food, which is still apparent in archeological remains today. For instance, shellfish were collected from the mangroves, roasted over fires and the shells discarded in piles over the course of many years, forming middens, the oldest of which are up to 500 years old. Other remains include a stone fish trap, stone fireplaces, pieces of ochre from other areas as well as stone axe heads. Secondly, Cape Hillsborough is significant because boys were trained and initiated into manhood at the stone fish trap. Thirdly, the ground adjacent to Cape Hillsborough Resort is a burial ground, not only for the Yuwibara, but also for South Sea Islanders, and is thus sacred ground.
Other locations of significance to the Yuwibara people include, for instance, the Kommo Toera Trail, a Melaleuca forest located in wetlands where food was gathered. Special ceremonies are also said to have been performed on the ocean-side of Mount Blackwood, which would later be a vantage point for spotting the Native Police. Stone fish traps can also be found at Slade Point, Reliance Creek, Ball Bay, Woodwark Bay, Adelaide Point, Hay Point, Llewellyn Bay as well as on West Hill Island, Green Island, Rabbit Island, South Repulse Island and other places.
Trade with the Ngaro people in the nearby islands has also been documented. Billy Moogerah, who was the last Aboriginal person to live in the Whitsunday Islands, used to canoe from the islands to Cape Palmerston, making stops along the way for trade in Cape Hillsborough and Freshwater Point. However, Moogerah was removed from the islands when Bowen township was first settled.
The Mackay area began to be occupied by the British around 1860. They failed to recognise the tribal boundaries and hunting rights of the local groups. Faced with starvation, the local Yuwibara started hunting the settlers' livestock, which resulted in deadly conflict.
It was estimated by contemporary local observers George Bridgman and Pierre-Marie Bucas that in the decade from 1850 to 1860 roughly 50% percent of the original Aboriginal population of the Pioneer Valley had been killed. The Native Mounted Police were considered the major cause, shooting down the local population in the ongoing frontier wars, but introduced diseases also played a key role. The general trend in the Mackay area was described lightheartedly by the aristocratic Harold Finch-Hatton:
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Yuwibara
The Yuwibara, also written Yuibera and Juipera and also known as Yuwi, after their language, are an Aboriginal Australian people, originating from the area around present-day Mackay, on the east coast of Queensland, Australia.
According to Norman Tindale's classification, the Yuibera lands, starting from Mackay, were calculated to encompass roughly 1,100 square miles (2,800 km2), ran from St. Helens south to Cape Palmerston and inland reached as far as the Connors Range. The Gia were to their north; the Biri in the area northwest of them; Wiri lay on their western flank, and beyond them the Barna. To their south were the Barada and, along the coast, the Koinjmal. The Yuibera were restricted to the coastal end of the Pioneer Valley, and were one of four peoples within 84 kilometres (52 mi) of Mackay.
In Mackay and its surrounding areas, six peoples have been identified: other than the Yuwibara, these were the Wiri, Biria, Jangga, Barna and Barada, with each group estimated to have consisted of 500 members. The Yuwibara people are said to have been the most dominant group in the area, occupying what is now Mackay City, the coast from St. Helens to Cape Palmerston and further inland to the Connor's Range. Boundaries were marked by natural features and punishment for incurring on other groups' territories was severe.
What is now known as Cape Hillsborough was and remains of particular significance for the Yuwibara people. Firstly, it was a hunting and gathering ground for food, which is still apparent in archeological remains today. For instance, shellfish were collected from the mangroves, roasted over fires and the shells discarded in piles over the course of many years, forming middens, the oldest of which are up to 500 years old. Other remains include a stone fish trap, stone fireplaces, pieces of ochre from other areas as well as stone axe heads. Secondly, Cape Hillsborough is significant because boys were trained and initiated into manhood at the stone fish trap. Thirdly, the ground adjacent to Cape Hillsborough Resort is a burial ground, not only for the Yuwibara, but also for South Sea Islanders, and is thus sacred ground.
Other locations of significance to the Yuwibara people include, for instance, the Kommo Toera Trail, a Melaleuca forest located in wetlands where food was gathered. Special ceremonies are also said to have been performed on the ocean-side of Mount Blackwood, which would later be a vantage point for spotting the Native Police. Stone fish traps can also be found at Slade Point, Reliance Creek, Ball Bay, Woodwark Bay, Adelaide Point, Hay Point, Llewellyn Bay as well as on West Hill Island, Green Island, Rabbit Island, South Repulse Island and other places.
Trade with the Ngaro people in the nearby islands has also been documented. Billy Moogerah, who was the last Aboriginal person to live in the Whitsunday Islands, used to canoe from the islands to Cape Palmerston, making stops along the way for trade in Cape Hillsborough and Freshwater Point. However, Moogerah was removed from the islands when Bowen township was first settled.
The Mackay area began to be occupied by the British around 1860. They failed to recognise the tribal boundaries and hunting rights of the local groups. Faced with starvation, the local Yuwibara started hunting the settlers' livestock, which resulted in deadly conflict.
It was estimated by contemporary local observers George Bridgman and Pierre-Marie Bucas that in the decade from 1850 to 1860 roughly 50% percent of the original Aboriginal population of the Pioneer Valley had been killed. The Native Mounted Police were considered the major cause, shooting down the local population in the ongoing frontier wars, but introduced diseases also played a key role. The general trend in the Mackay area was described lightheartedly by the aristocratic Harold Finch-Hatton:
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