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ALD-52
ALD-52, also known as 1-acetyl-LSD (1A-LSD) and falsely as "Orange Sunshine", is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is taken orally.
The drug acts as a readily converted prodrug of LSD and hence has very similar properties to those of LSD, including in terms of onset, duration, and subjective psychedelic effects. LSD itself acts as a non-selective agonist of serotonin and dopamine receptors, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, and this mediates its hallucinogenic effects. ALD-52 is a 1-acyllysergamide, specifically the 1-acetyl derivative of LSD, and is closely related to other 1-acyllysergamide LSD prodrugs, such as 1P-LSD, 1V-LSD, and 1cP-LSD. The drug has about 90 to 100% of the potency of LSD.
ALD-52 was first described in the literature by Albert Hofmann and colleagues at Sandoz in 1957. It was once claimed that the "Orange Sunshine" LSD distributed by Tim Scully and Nick Sand during the 1967 Summer of Love in the United States was actually ALD-52 rather than LSD, but this turned out to be untrue. ALD-52 was first definitely encountered as a novel designer drug in 2016. The drug is a key parent compound and inspiration for the 1-acyllysergamide prodrugs like 1P-LSD that were developed by Lizard Labs and emerged as designer drugs in the mid-2010s.
ALD-52 was long thought to be a readily converted prodrug of LSD. However, this was not empirically confirmed until formal studies were finally done in the 2010s and 2020s.
ALD-52 was clinically studied and found to produce psychedelic effects similar to those of LSD itself and to closely match the time–course of LSD in terms of onset and duration. However, in one study, it was claimed that ALD-52 seemed to modify cognition and body image to a greater extent than LSD. Both LSD and ALD-52 were reported to be active at doses of 0.5 to 1 μg/kg orally (35–70 μg for a 70-kg person). Other sources found that ALD-52 was 91% as potent as LSD (with LSD notably having 88% of the molecular weight of ALD-52) or that the two drugs were equipotent.
In his book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved), Alexander Shulgin briefly discusses ALD-52, giving a dose range of 50 to 175 μg orally and no onset or duration mentioned. In other publications however, he gave a dose range of 100 to 200 μg orally. A few different individual accounts of the effects of ALD-52 were described by Shulgin. One account found that there was less visual distortion than with LSD, that there was seemingly less anxiety than with LSD, and that it was somewhat less potent than LSD. Another claimed that it was more effective than LSD in increasing blood pressure. One account could not tell ALD-52 and LSD apart. Per Shulgin, if ALD-52 is a readily converted prodrug of LSD, then they should be equivalent in all regards (aside from a slight difference potency).
ALD-52 is a readily converted prodrug of LSD and hence has similar pharmacology to LSD. This has been confirmed with human liver enzymes in vitro and in rodents in vivo, but still needs to be confirmed with a clinical study in humans in vivo.
In early studies, ALD-52 was found to have 19 or 20% of the toxicity of LSD in rabbits given intravenously, 12.5 or 13% of the pyretogenic effect of LSD in rabbits, and 2.0 to 2.1 times the antiserotonergic activity of LSD in the isolated rat uterus in vitro.
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ALD-52 AI simulator
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ALD-52
ALD-52, also known as 1-acetyl-LSD (1A-LSD) and falsely as "Orange Sunshine", is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is taken orally.
The drug acts as a readily converted prodrug of LSD and hence has very similar properties to those of LSD, including in terms of onset, duration, and subjective psychedelic effects. LSD itself acts as a non-selective agonist of serotonin and dopamine receptors, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, and this mediates its hallucinogenic effects. ALD-52 is a 1-acyllysergamide, specifically the 1-acetyl derivative of LSD, and is closely related to other 1-acyllysergamide LSD prodrugs, such as 1P-LSD, 1V-LSD, and 1cP-LSD. The drug has about 90 to 100% of the potency of LSD.
ALD-52 was first described in the literature by Albert Hofmann and colleagues at Sandoz in 1957. It was once claimed that the "Orange Sunshine" LSD distributed by Tim Scully and Nick Sand during the 1967 Summer of Love in the United States was actually ALD-52 rather than LSD, but this turned out to be untrue. ALD-52 was first definitely encountered as a novel designer drug in 2016. The drug is a key parent compound and inspiration for the 1-acyllysergamide prodrugs like 1P-LSD that were developed by Lizard Labs and emerged as designer drugs in the mid-2010s.
ALD-52 was long thought to be a readily converted prodrug of LSD. However, this was not empirically confirmed until formal studies were finally done in the 2010s and 2020s.
ALD-52 was clinically studied and found to produce psychedelic effects similar to those of LSD itself and to closely match the time–course of LSD in terms of onset and duration. However, in one study, it was claimed that ALD-52 seemed to modify cognition and body image to a greater extent than LSD. Both LSD and ALD-52 were reported to be active at doses of 0.5 to 1 μg/kg orally (35–70 μg for a 70-kg person). Other sources found that ALD-52 was 91% as potent as LSD (with LSD notably having 88% of the molecular weight of ALD-52) or that the two drugs were equipotent.
In his book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved), Alexander Shulgin briefly discusses ALD-52, giving a dose range of 50 to 175 μg orally and no onset or duration mentioned. In other publications however, he gave a dose range of 100 to 200 μg orally. A few different individual accounts of the effects of ALD-52 were described by Shulgin. One account found that there was less visual distortion than with LSD, that there was seemingly less anxiety than with LSD, and that it was somewhat less potent than LSD. Another claimed that it was more effective than LSD in increasing blood pressure. One account could not tell ALD-52 and LSD apart. Per Shulgin, if ALD-52 is a readily converted prodrug of LSD, then they should be equivalent in all regards (aside from a slight difference potency).
ALD-52 is a readily converted prodrug of LSD and hence has similar pharmacology to LSD. This has been confirmed with human liver enzymes in vitro and in rodents in vivo, but still needs to be confirmed with a clinical study in humans in vivo.
In early studies, ALD-52 was found to have 19 or 20% of the toxicity of LSD in rabbits given intravenously, 12.5 or 13% of the pyretogenic effect of LSD in rabbits, and 2.0 to 2.1 times the antiserotonergic activity of LSD in the isolated rat uterus in vitro.