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Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (English translation: General Swedish Electrical Limited Company; Swedish abbreviation: ASEA) was a Swedish industrial company.

Key Information

History

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ASEA swastika logo used from the late nineteenth century until 1933

ASEA was founded in 1883[1] by Ludvig Fredholm in Västerås as a manufacturer of electrical light and generators.[2] After merging with Wenström's & Granström's Electrical Power Company (Wenströms & Granströms Elektriska Kraftbolag) the name was changed to Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget, literally the "General Swedish Electrical Limited Company", or ASEA for short.[2]

In 1987, it announced a merger with the Swiss company Brown, Boveri & Cie (BBC) to form ABB.[1][3] The merge took effect on 1 January 1988.[4] After this merger, ABB acquired several companies, including the power transmission and distribution operations of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation and the Combustion Engineering Group.[1]

Business management

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CEOs

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  • 1883–1891 – Ludvig Fredholm
  • 1891–1903 – Göran Wenström
  • 1903–1933 – Sigfrid Edström
  • 1934–1942 – Arthur Lindén
  • 1942–1949 – Thorsten Ericson
  • 1949–1961 – Åke Vrethem
  • 1961–1976 – Curt Nicolin
  • 1976–1980 – Torsten L. Lindström
  • 1980–1988 – Percy Barnevik

Chairman of the Board

[edit]

See also

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References

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Further reading

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

ASEA

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Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) was a Swedish multinational corporation specializing in electrical engineering, power generation, transmission, and industrial equipment, founded in 1883 in Västerås by Ludvig Fredholm as a producer of electrical lighting and generators. Initially focused on harnessing and applying electric power, ASEA expanded through mergers, including with Wenström & Granström's electrical machinery firm, to become a leader in heavy electrical apparatus such as transformers, motors, and turbines. Key achievements included constructing Sweden's first three-phase AC transmission line in 1893 and building the nation's inaugural nuclear power plant at Ågesta in 1972, followed by nine of its twelve operational reactors. In 1988, ASEA merged with Switzerland's Brown, Boveri & Cie (BBC) in a union of equals to form ABB Asea Brown Boveri, creating a global powerhouse in electrification and automation headquartered in Zurich. This merger preserved ASEA's technological legacy while enabling broader international scale, though it marked the end of ASEA as an independent entity.

History

Founding and Early Development

ASEA was founded in by Verdis Norton, a retired executive with extensive experience leading large corporations, including roles that involved managing billion-dollar operations. Norton became involved after serving on the board of a biotech firm researching signaling molecules, where financial difficulties prompted him to partner with Jim Pack to acquire the underlying technology. This acquisition formed the basis for ASEA's focus on developing a stable, consumable form of signaling molecules in saline solution, aiming to support cellular communication without altering the body's natural processes. Early development centered on overcoming technical challenges in stabilizing these reactive molecules for shelf-life and safety, involving iterative research and testing to ensure production scalability. The company, headquartered in , prioritized a direct-sales model from to distribute the product directly to consumers. By 2009, the flagship ASEA Redox Supplement was introduced in limited markets, with a formal commercial launch in following validation of its formulation. This period marked ASEA's transition from technology acquisition to product commercialization, establishing signaling as its core innovation.

Key Milestones and Expansion

ASEA was established in 2007 by Verdis Norton, a business strategist with experience leading multinational corporations, drawing inspiration from the concept of rejuvenation symbolized by the sea. The company focused on developing a supplement based on signaling , initially under related entities before formalizing operations. By 2009, initial sales of the product began, culminating in an official launch of the ASEA Supplement in 2010, which marked the company's entry into the market. In 2014, ASEA expanded its product offerings with the introduction of RENU 28, a redox-infused topical skin gel designed to complement the core supplement. By 2015, five years after launch, the company reported profitability and financial stability, earning recognition from Direct Selling News as one of the top 100 direct sales companies globally. This period reflected steady growth in distributor networks and production capacity, including a 33,000-square-foot FDA-registered facility compliant with NSF and GMP standards. A strategic infrastructure build-out in 2018 positioned ASEA for accelerated expansion, reinforcing its focus on cellular health within the sector. The company grew internationally, operating in 25 markets by the mid-2010s and hosting global conventions, such as the 2023 event in , to support distributor training and networking. In 2025, ASEA commemorated its 15th anniversary—counting from the 2010 product launch—with plans for enhanced innovation and direct sales commitment, including a convention in Cancun, . This milestone underscored sustained growth without major acquisitions, relying instead on organic expansion through channels.

Products and Technology

Core Redox Supplement

The ASEA Core Redox Supplement, also known as ASEA Redox Supplement, is a produced by ASEA Global that consists primarily of and subjected to a electrochemical process to generate stabilized signaling molecules. These molecules are claimed by the company to facilitate cellular communication, repair, and immune function by mimicking naturally occurring reactive in the body, such as mixtures of oxidants and reductants. Each 32-ounce bottle contains 125 milligrams of sodium (7% of the Daily Value) and 193 milligrams of (6% of the Daily Value), with the redox molecules formed through a patented of the saline solution. The manufacturing begins with local water undergoing filtration, softening, and purification before salt is added and the solution is processed in a controlled electrochemical environment to achieve molecular stability, followed by rigorous quality testing calibrated to NIST standards in an FDA-compliant facility. The recommended dosage is 2 fluid ounces taken twice daily, either swallowed directly or held in the mouth for up to 30 seconds to enhance absorption, with a 32-ounce providing approximately one week of use at the initial of 4 ounces per day before maintenance. The product is unflavored, non-carbonated, and positioned as a foundational supplement in ASEA's lineup, intended for oral consumption without added sugars or artificial ingredients.

Additional Product Lines

ASEA has expanded its offerings beyond the core ASEA Redox Supplement to include topical applications and nutritional products, all incorporating redox signaling technology or complementary formulations. These lines target health, muscle recovery, and systemic , with sales figures indicating market traction: over 11 million units of RENU28 gel sold, more than 340,000 units of REDOXGold, and hundreds of thousands across VIA products as of October 2025. The RENU product line focuses on skincare, featuring RENU28 Revitalizing Gel, a topical applied to support renewal through redox molecules, priced at $43–$54 per tube. Complementary items include the RENUAdvanced system—comprising Foaming Cleanser ($25–$31.25), Balancing Toner ($30–$37.50), Hydrating Cream ($60–$75), and Glow Serum ($70–$87.50)—designed to cleanse, balance, and moisturize , with over 228,000 Glow Serum units sold. Additional skincare options encompass the REDOX Clay Mask ($40–$50) for impurity removal and Intensive Serum ($80–$100) for firmness. REDOXGold Massage + Soothing Gel, launched in February 2025, targets post-exercise recovery with molecules and 24-karat gold microparticles for cooling relief, absorbing quickly without residue and priced at $55–$70 per 90 ml tube. The VIA nutritional line provides whole-food-based supplements: VIA Source ($55–$70) for cellular , VIA LifeMax ($70–$85) for support, ($50–$65) for gut health, and ($45–$55) for omega fatty acids, with over 371,000 Biome units sold. These products aim to complement redox supplementation but lack independent verification of synergistic effects beyond company descriptions.

Business Operations

Multi-Level Marketing Model

ASEA employs a (MLM) structure in which independent associates, also known as distributors, earn income primarily through direct product sales to customers and recruitment of additional associates to form a downline . Associates enroll by a starter kit and qualifying products, then generate personal volume (PV) through personal purchases or sales to maintain active status and eligibility for commissions. The model emphasizes building a binary sponsorship tree, consisting of a left and right leg, where team commissions are calculated based on the lesser volume between the two legs to incentivize balance and recruitment. The compensation plan outlines eight primary earning mechanisms: retail profits from reselling products at a markup (typically 20-30% above wholesale), preferred customer enrollment bonuses, fast-start bonuses for rapid rank advancement (e.g., achieving Director rank within 14 days by enrolling associates with at least 100 PV in both legs), team commissions (10% on the weaker leg's group volume), check match bonuses matching a of downline earnings (up to 50% at higher ranks), leadership pools distributing global volume shares to executive ranks ( and above), rank advancement incentives, and legacy bonuses for sustained high-level performance. Rank progression—from Associate to Director, , Silver, Gold, Platinum, , and beyond—requires accumulating balanced PV in personal and team legs, with each advancement unlocking higher commission percentages and bonus pools; for instance, rank necessitates qualified legs ending at that level in the sponsorship tree. ASEA's 2020 income disclosure statement, based on active U.S. associates receiving commissions, reveals a skewed earnings distribution heavily weighted toward lower ranks. Entry-level Directors (2.8% of actives) averaged $4,150 in annual gross commissions, while Director 300 (8.1%) averaged $5,400; higher ranks like Bronze (0.1%, avg. $23,562) and Silver (0.08%, avg. $43,044) represented smaller fractions, with executive levels (e.g., Platinum at 0.03%, avg. $126,607; Diamond at 0.01%, avg. $192,757) comprising less than 1% combined. The statement notes these figures reflect gross commissions before expenses such as product purchases, travel, or marketing costs, which are not deducted, and results vary based on individual effort without guaranteeing income; approximately 87% of active associates were at Director-level ranks or equivalent, indicating limited upward mobility for most participants. No publicly available disclosures for 2023-2025 were identified, though the plan's structure remains consistent with prior descriptions.

Leadership and Management

ASEA's corporate leadership is led by co-founder and chairman Tyler Norton, who established the company in 2007 alongside Verdis Norton and has since guided its strategic vision, emphasizing principles of , gratitude, and ethical direct sales practices. Norton, drawing from prior entrepreneurial experience, has positioned ASEA as a pioneer in redox-based wellness products within the sector, overseeing expansion into over 25 markets globally. On November 27, 2024, Jarom Webb was appointed , replacing Scott Aldred who retired after serving in the role since 2023. Webb, a founding executive since , previously held positions as , , president from 2012 to 2023, and vice chairman, during which he managed global operations, finances, and revenue growth in the direct sales industry. A graduate of the University of Utah's David Eccles School of Business, Webb has been instrumental in ASEA's product launches and international scaling. The executive team includes specialized roles such as Joerg Hoeche and Dave Wall, supporting ASEA's focus on sales distribution and financial oversight in its MLM framework. Management draws from direct sales expertise, with prior leaders like Aldred contributing over two decades in network marketing operations before his tenure at ASEA. In January 2025, Norton and Webb outlined core strategies for sustained growth, including enhanced distributor support and redox technology innovation, amid the company's 15th anniversary.

Scientific Claims and Evidence

Redox Signaling Fundamentals

Redox signaling refers to the process by which reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other redox-active molecules function as second messengers to regulate cellular functions through reversible oxidation-reduction reactions. At physiological concentrations, these species modulate protein activity, gene expression, and signaling pathways by targeting redox-sensitive motifs, such as cysteine thiols in proteins, enabling thiol-disulfide exchanges that act as molecular switches. This contrasts with pathological oxidative stress, where excessive ROS levels cause irreversible damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Key ROS involved include (H₂O₂), anion (O₂⁻), and (•OH), generated endogenously by enzymes like NADPH oxidases (NOX), mitochondrial complexes, and xanthine oxidases. These molecules propagate signals by diffusing short distances to oxidize specific targets, such as phosphatases (e.g., PTEN or PTP1B), thereby activating kinases like PI3K/Akt or MAPK pathways that control proliferation, migration, and survival. homeostasis is maintained by systems, including (GSH), , and (SOD), which prevent signaling from escalating into while allowing hormetic responses—adaptive improvements from mild perturbations. In cellular processes, signaling influences diverse outcomes: low ROS levels promote differentiation and repair in tissues like and neurons, while transient bursts trigger or via or HIF-1α activation. For instance, NOX-derived ROS mediate vascular tone by modulating ion channels and cytoskeletal dynamics. Dysregulation, often from chronic exposure to environmental oxidants, disrupts this balance, contributing to aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer, underscoring the dual role of ROS as regulators rather than mere byproducts. Empirical evidence from genetically modified models, such as NOX knockout mice, confirms that targeted ROS production is essential for normal , not just stress responses.

Company-Sponsored Research

ASEA has commissioned multiple studies through third-party laboratories to examine the effects of its redox signaling products, primarily focusing on cellular mechanisms, , and topical applications rather than large-scale clinical outcomes for systemic health claims. In 2015, the company engaged Stephens & Associates to evaluate redox signaling's impact on cell turnover and peripheral flow using RENU28 . The study reported increased flow and stimulated cell renewal in the skin, as measured by clinical assessments of participants applying the product. Additional commissioned research includes an safety study by in 2016, which assessed the toxicity of ASEA Redox Supplement on eukaryotic cells. Results indicated no significant adverse cellular responses, supporting claims of product safety at the cellular level. ASEA also partnered with Taueret Laboratories for an observational study on ASEA Redox Supplement, finding alterations in signaling pathway genes associated with cellular communication and response. For its skincare lines, ASEA sponsored a clinical dermatological by Stephens & Associates on RENU Advanced products, analyzing anti-aging effects through participant applications and skin metrics. Outcomes suggested improvements in appearance and hydration, though these were limited to topical . These studies, while providing data on specific mechanisms, have generally not been published in independent peer-reviewed journals and rely on company-selected endpoints, with sample sizes and methodologies tailored to product validation rather than broad therapeutic . Recent efforts include research on formulations like REDOXGold gel, with results submitted for as of 2025, but detailed outcomes remain pending independent verification.

Independent Evaluations and Skepticism

Independent studies have largely failed to substantiate ASEA's claims of enhanced athletic performance or recovery. A 2012 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition examined the effects of ASEA supplementation on ventilatory threshold and maximal oxygen consumption in trained cyclists; while an initial pilot suggested minor improvements, a larger follow-up found no significant benefits in aerobic capacity or lactate threshold among young, fit males after two weeks of daily intake. Similarly, a 2013 study in the Journal of Sports Health tested ASEA's impact on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and recovery following resistance exercise in recreationally active adults, concluding that it neither reduced soreness symptoms nor accelerated recovery metrics like strength or perceived exertion. Independent peer-reviewed studies, such as a double-blind placebo-controlled trial published in the Journal of Exercise Physiology (2019), found no improvement in aerobic capacity or ventilatory threshold after two weeks of ASEA supplementation, contradicting manufacturer claims. Reviews from sources like Science-Based Medicine highlight the lack of robust, independent evidence for health benefits, attributing reported effects to placebo or basic hydration from the saline solution. Anecdotal testimonials are likely influenced by expectation bias or coincidence. Skeptics, including those from academic institutions, have questioned the foundational science behind ASEA's redox signaling claims, noting that the product's active molecules—allegedly stabilized reactive species—are chemically unstable in aqueous solutions and unlikely to survive gastrointestinal digestion intact to exert systemic effects. The McGill University Office for Science and Society described ASEA as essentially electrolyzed saltwater with no clear mechanistic link to intercellular redox signaling, arguing that free radicals as "messengers" contradict established biology where such species are typically destructive rather than therapeutic when ingested. Science-Based Medicine reviewed available data in 2017, highlighting the absence of rigorous, independent randomized controlled trials demonstrating clinical efficacy beyond placebo, and critiquing promotional anecdotes—like unverified claims of regenerating a baby's heart valve—as lacking medical corroboration. Critics also point to the paucity of peer-reviewed evidence from non-company-affiliated researchers, with most positive findings limited to assays or small observational studies prone to bias. For instance, while ASEA cites changes in exploratory work, independent replication has not confirmed physiological benefits in human outcomes, leading outlets like the to label extraordinary health assertions as unsubstantiated hype akin to other wellness fads. This evidentiary gap fuels broader skepticism, positioning ASEA within a of supplements where molecular novelty overshadows empirical validation.

Controversies and Criticisms

Health Claim Disputes

ASEA's marketing of its supplement has included claims of enhancing cellular communication, boosting efficiency, and supporting immune and processes through redox signaling molecules. These assertions have sparked disputes, primarily over insufficient independent evidence and regulatory non-compliance. Critics contend that while intracellular redox signaling plays a in cellular , oral delivery of purported signaling molecules in a saline solution lacks mechanistic plausibility due to their instability in the and bloodstream. In May 2023, the UK's Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) investigated complaints against ASEA advertisements featuring claims such as "boosts antioxidant efficiency by 500-800% in 72 hours," "triggers genetic expression," "improves athletic performance," "regulates inflammatory response," and "100% kill in under 30 seconds for all tested bacteria and viruses." The ASA ruled these unsubstantiated, noting that specific health claims were not authorized under the Great Britain Nutrition and Health Claims register, general efficacy claims lacked supporting authorized specifics, and several implied prevention or treatment of diseases, violating CAP Code rules 15.1, 15.2, 15.6, and 15.7. ASEA was directed to cease such advertising and ensure future claims comply with evidentiary standards. Independent peer-reviewed research has failed to corroborate performance-enhancing effects. A 2019 double-blind, -controlled crossover study involving 11 physically active young adults (mean age 21.9 years) tested 2 weeks of daily ASEA ingestion (4 oz/day) against , measuring VO₂ max and ventilatory threshold via three maximal exercise tests. Results showed no significant differences: VO₂ max remained at 53.7 ± 10.1 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ post-ASEA versus 53.6 ± 9.1 post- (P=0.172), with similar non-significance for ventilatory threshold (P=0.678) and other metrics like time to exhaustion. Authors concluded ASEA does not enhance aerobic capacity or ventilatory threshold, marking the first such independent evaluation. Further independent evaluations reinforce that ASEA's health benefit claims lack verifiable factual basis, with no robust scientific evidence supporting benefits beyond placebo effects or the electrolyte content of the saline solution. This aligns with regulatory scrutiny, such as the 2023 ASA ruling, emphasizing unsubstantiated claims. Scientific commentators have amplified these concerns. A 2017 analysis by McGill University's Office for Science and Society described ASEA as essentially with salt, questioning the survival and of claimed reactive molecules and dismissing testimonials as placebo-driven without rigorous trials. Similarly, a 2014 review on by physician argued ASEA provides no verifiable health benefits, emphasizing the company's burden to prove efficacy amid zero relevant PubMed-indexed studies on the product and critiques of preliminary, unpublished trials showing inconclusive results. Disputes persist as ASEA relies on internal validations, while skeptics demand randomized controlled trials demonstrating causal links to health outcomes beyond redox molecule presence. In 2023, the UK's Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) investigated an advertisement for ASEA REDOX Cell Signalling Supplement disseminated by ASEA LLC, ruling it in breach of the CAP Code for making unauthorized specific health claims, such as boosting antioxidant efficiency by 500-800% within 72 hours and killing 100% of bacteria and viruses in under 30 seconds. The ASA determined these assertions implied prevention or treatment of diseases, including by regulating inflammatory responses and improving immune, cardiovascular, and gut health, without substantiation or authorization on the Great Britain health claims register. ASEA LLC responded that the ad originated from an unapproved distributor not intended for the UK market and committed to preventing recurrence, but the ASA prohibited its reappearance and required future compliance with rules on food supplement claims. In the United States, ASEA products are classified as dietary supplements, exempt from pre-market FDA approval but required to avoid disease treatment claims and ensure labeling truthfulness under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Public submissions to the FDA in 2023 highlighted potentially unauthorized claims for ASEA REDOX variants, such as supporting neurotransmitter function for brain energy metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting neurotransmitter production for mood uplift, arguing these exceeded permitted supplement structure-function descriptions. No formal FDA enforcement actions, warning letters, or injunctions against ASEA for adulteration or misbranding were identified in regulatory records as of 2025. ASEA LLC received a 2023 FTC notice of penalty offenses concerning endorsements and testimonials, a standard advisory to numerous companies on potential liability for deceptive practices, but no subsequent FTC complaint, investigation, or settlement involving ASEA's marketing or MLM operations has been documented. Similarly, no class-action lawsuits or court rulings have challenged ASEA's supplement efficacy, pricing, or distributor compensation as fraudulent or pyramid-like under U.S. .

MLM Structure Concerns

ASEA operates as a company, utilizing a binary compensation plan that rewards distributors primarily through of downline associates and team sales volume rather than individual retail sales. Critics argue this structure incentivizes aggressive over genuine product demand, potentially resembling a where early participants profit at the expense of later entrants who face market saturation. The distinguishes legitimate MLMs from illegal pyramids by emphasizing that income should derive mainly from product sales to non-participants, not internal purchases or ; however, ASEA's model has drawn scrutiny for high distributor costs and low retail margins, with products priced at approximately $35–$40 per 32-ounce bottle, limiting viable customer sales outside the network. ASEA's income disclosure statements reveal stark disparities in earnings, with the vast majority of associates earning minimal commissions. For instance, in data from 2019, average annual for active associates was calculated based on paid ranks, but only a small fraction—typically less than 1%—achieved ranks qualifying for substantial payouts, such as executive or higher levels, while over 90% reported incomes below $1,000 annually after expenses like product purchases and fees. These disclosures, mandated for transparency, underscore that success requires building large downlines, often involving ongoing personal investments exceeding $500–$1,000 monthly in and tools, leading to net financial losses for most participants amid high attrition rates common in MLMs, where over 75% of distributors quit within a year. Regulatory actions highlight structural vulnerabilities. In 2018, Italy's Antitrust Authority fined ASEA €150,000 for unfair commercial practices, determining that its sales mechanisms prioritized network expansion over product sales to end consumers, effectively functioning as a recruitment-driven scheme. While no U.S. pyramid scheme lawsuits have targeted ASEA directly, the company's emphasis on "preferred customers" (auto-ship enrollees) and team-building bonuses aligns with broader FTC warnings about MLMs where internal consumption inflates reported sales without corresponding external demand. Independent analyses, including consumer protection reports, note that such models often result in 99% of participants losing money when factoring in time, travel, and unsold inventory, perpetuating a cycle of recruitment to offset personal shortfalls.

Reception and Impact

Market Performance and Sales

ASEA's annual revenues, derived from direct sales of its redox signaling products through a multi-level marketing model, peaked at an estimated $188 million in 2021 before experiencing consecutive declines. In 2022, revenue fell to $170 million, followed by estimates of $160 million in 2023 and $150 million in 2024, reflecting a compound annual decline of approximately 7% from the 2021 high. These figures, compiled by industry analysts from company-submitted and public data, position ASEA as a mid-tier player in the global sector, which totaled over $180 billion in retail sales as of 2019. The company has maintained consistent recognition in direct selling rankings, placing #43 on the Direct Selling News Global 100 list for five consecutive years through 2022, based on verified net sales revenue excluding commissions and taxes. Independent industry evaluations, such as those from Business For Home, rated ASEA as a "Triple AAA+" opportunity for 2023 and 2024, citing its revenue stability relative to peers despite broader MLM market challenges like distributor attrition and regulatory pressures. Sales growth earlier in the decade, from $170 million in 2019 to $178 million in 2020, aligned with expanded market entry into over 30 countries, primarily in , , and select Asian regions. Product sales are driven by core offerings like the ASEA Redox Supplement and RENU topical gels, distributed exclusively via independent associates rather than retail channels. While exact distributor counts remain undisclosed, the model's reliance on associate recruitment and personal volume contributes to revenue volatility, with post-2021 downturns attributable to saturated markets and in the wellness supplement niche. ASEA's private status limits granular financial transparency, but available estimates indicate operational without reported risks as of 2024.

User Experiences and Testimonials

Users of ASEA redox supplements have reported a range of experiences, with positive testimonials often citing improvements in levels, sleep quality, and relief from chronic conditions such as , frozen shoulder, and joint discomfort. For instance, one reviewer in July 2025 noted resolution of long-standing after using the product, while others in 2024 and 2025 described enhanced vitality and restored menstrual cycles. These accounts, however, frequently come from individuals affiliated with ASEA's model, where distributors may have incentives to share favorable outcomes. In contrast, independent user reports frequently express disappointment over lack of effects. One individual who tried ASEA for two separate one-month periods in 2021 reported no changes in health or performance, leading to skepticism about its efficacy. Forum discussions similarly characterize the supplement as ineffective, likening it to overpriced salted tap water with no discernible benefits beyond basic hydration. Critics in these contexts often highlight the absence of personal improvements despite high costs, attributing positive claims elsewhere to placebo effects or promotional bias rather than verifiable results. Overall, anecdotal evidence remains divided, with no controlled studies confirming user-reported benefits.

Expert and Media Assessments

Experts in biology and have expressed significant skepticism regarding ASEA's claims that its redox supplement, essentially purported to contain stable signaling molecules, delivers systemic health benefits such as improved cellular communication or athletic performance. A peer-reviewed study published in the Journal of Exercise Physiology by researchers at in 2019 tested ASEA on trained males and found no improvements in aerobic capacity () or ventilatory threshold, contradicting manufacturer assertions of enhanced endurance. Similarly, the Office for Science and , in a 2017 analysis by science communicator Jonathan Jarry, dismissed ASEA's redox signaling mechanism as implausible, noting that degrade rapidly and cannot be meaningfully supplemented via oral saline intake, with no robust evidence linking it to health outcomes beyond effects. Physician and skeptic , writing for in 2012 and updated in 2017, critiqued ASEA's reliance on proprietary testing without independent replication, emphasizing that detection of molecules in the product does not equate to or in humans, and highlighting the absence of large-scale, randomized controlled trials supporting therapeutic claims. Independent evaluations contrast sharply with ASEA-sponsored , which reports reductions in biomarkers in small cohorts but often lacks blinding or controls, as noted in critiques of abstracts presented at conferences without full peer-reviewed publication. Media coverage has largely echoed these expert doubts, portraying ASEA as pseudoscientific hype within an MLM framework. The UK's Advertising Standards Authority ruled against ASEA in 2023 for unsubstantiated health claims in promotional materials, deeming them misleading as the product lacks approval for medical use and evidence fails to substantiate benefits like immune support. Outlets like have described it as "expensive salt water" with claims unsupported by causal mechanisms from first principles of biochemistry, where intracellular processes cannot be externally manipulated via ingestion without degradation. While some wellness media amplify anecdotal successes, rigorous assessments prioritize empirical failures in performance and studies over unverified testimonials.

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  51. https://aseascience.com/asea-science/scientific-validation-for-asea-products/
  52. https://aseascience.com/asea-redox-supplement/asea-redox-supplement-vitro-product-safety-study/
  53. https://aseascience.com/research/redox-supplement/initial-gene-study-showed-asea-redox-affected-important-signaling-pathway-genes/
  54. https://mediafilelibrary.myasealive.com/src/media/xmfl/file/_4039PGYSLRQUlahqQVlmewpVhANOH.pdf
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  66. https://consumer.ftc.gov/multi-level-marketing-businesses-pyramid-schemes
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  73. https://www.highperformr.ai/company/aseaglobal
  74. https://www.trustpilot.com/review/aseaglobal.com
  75. https://www.reddit.com/r/AmItheAsshole/comments/ojuv40/aita_for_telling_my_mother_to_stop_trying_to_scam/
  76. https://www.reddit.com/r/exmormon/comments/349x6k/tbm_gullibility/
  77. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/fan-mail-from-an-asea-supporter/
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