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Achi language
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| Achi | |
|---|---|
| Achiʼ | |
| Native to | Guatemala |
| Region | Baja Verapaz |
| Ethnicity | 161,000 Achi (2019 census) |
Native speakers | 120,000 (2019 census)[1] |
Mayan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | acr |
| Glottolog | achi1256 |
| ELP | Achi' |
 Achi is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Achi (Achí in Spanish) is a Mayan language very closely related to Kʼicheʼ (Quiché in the older orthography). It is spoken by the Achi people, primarily in the department of Baja Verapaz in Guatemala.
There are two Achi dialects. Rabinal Achi is spoken in the Rabinal area, and Cubulco Achi is spoken in the Cubulco area west of Rabinal.
One of the masterpieces of precolumbian literature is the Rabinal Achí, a theatrical play written in the Achi language.
Phonology
[edit]The tables present the consonant[2] and vowel[3] phonemes of Achi. On the left is the spelling in use.[4]
Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Pharyn- geal |
Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | |||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p [p] | t [t] | tz [ts] | ch [tʃ] | k [k] | q [q] | ’ [ʔ] | |
| ejective | tʼ [tʼ] | tzʼ [tsʼ] | chʼ [tʃʼ] | kʼ [kʼ] | |||||
| implosive | bʼ [ɓ] | ||||||||
| Fricative | s [s] | x [ʃ] | j [χ] | qʼ [ʕ] | |||||
| Trill | r [r] | ||||||||
| Approximant | w [w] | l [l] | y [j] | ||||||
- Voiceless plosives can have aspirated allophones [pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ], either when preceding a consonant or in word-final position.
- A uvular consonant /χ/ can also be heard as velar [x] in some environments.
- /n/ when preceding a velar consonant can be heard as a velar nasal [ŋ].
- Sonorants /l r j/ when preceding a voiceless consonant or in word-final position can occur sounding voiceless [l̥ r̥ j̊].[5]
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i [i] ii [iː] | u [u] uu [uː] | |
| Mid | e [e] ee [eː] | o [o] oo [oː] | |
| Open | a [a] aa [aː] |
References
[edit]
External links
[edit]- Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America Archived 2019-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
- Pronouncing the Maya Achi Alphabet
- New Testament in Achi
- OLAC resources in and about the Achi language
- Listen to a sample of Achi from Global Recordings Network
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