In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Alexandrian text-type is one of the main text types. It is the text type favored by the majority of modern textual critics and it is the basis for most modern (after 1900) Bible translations. Over 5,800 New Testament manuscripts have been classified into four groups by text type. Besides the Alexandrian, the other types are the Western, Caesarean, and Byzantine. Compared to these later text types, Alexandrian readings tend to be abrupt, use fewer words, show greater variation among the Synoptic Gospels, and have readings that are considered difficult. That is to say, later scribes tended to polish scripture and improve its literary style. Glosses would occasionally be added as verses during the process of copying a Bible by hand. From the ninth century onward, most surviving manuscripts are of the Byzantine type.

The King James Version and other Reformation-era Bibles are translated from the Textus Receptus, a Greek text created by Erasmus and based on various manuscripts of the Byzantine type. In 1721, Richard Bentley outlined a project to create a revised Greek text based on the Codex Alexandrinus. This project was completed by Karl Lachmann in 1850. Brooke Foss Westcott and F. J. A. Hort of Cambridge published a text based on Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus in 1881. Novum Testamentum Graece by Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland, now in its 28th edition, generally follows the text of Westcott and Hort.

Up until the ninth century, Greek texts were written entirely in uppercase letters, referred to as uncials. During the ninth and tenth centuries, minuscules came to replace the older style. Most Greek uncial manuscripts were recopied in this period and their parchment leaves typically scraped clean for re-use. Consequently, surviving Greek New Testament manuscripts from before the ninth century are relatively rare, but nine (over half of the total that survive) witness a more-or-less pure Alexandrian text. These include the oldest near-complete manuscripts of the New Testament: Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209 and Codex Sinaiticus (both believed to date from the early fourth century).^{[citation needed]}

A number of substantial papyrus manuscripts of portions of the New Testament survive from earlier still, and those that can be ascribed a text-type, such as 𝔓⁶⁶ and 𝔓⁷⁵ from the second to the third century, also tend to witness to the Alexandrian text.

The earliest Coptic versions of the Bible (into a Sahidic variety of the late second century) use the Alexandrian text as a Greek base, while other second and third century translations (into Latin and Syriac) tend rather to conform to the Western text-type. Although the overwhelming majority of later minuscule manuscripts conform to the Byzantine text-type, detailed study has, from time to time, identified individual minuscules that transmit the alternative Alexandrian text. Around 17 such manuscripts have been discovered so far and so the Alexandrian text-type is witnessed by around 30 surviving manuscripts, by no means all of which are associated with Egypt although in that area, Alexandrian witnesses are the most prevalent.

According to Robert Boyd, the Arabic manuscripts of the New Testament appear to have an origin within the Alexandrian text-type.

The Alexandrian text-type is witnessed to in the writings of Origen (185 – c. 253), Athanasius (296–298 – 373), Didymus (313 – 398) and Cyril of Alexandria (376 – 444). The quotations of Clement of Alexandria also often agree with the Alexandrian text-type, although sometimes they contain readings which are instead common in the Byzantine text-type.

Papyri: 𝔓¹, 𝔓⁴, 𝔓⁵, 𝔓⁶, 𝔓⁸, 𝔓⁹, 𝔓¹⁰, 𝔓¹¹, 𝔓¹², 𝔓¹³, 𝔓¹⁴, 𝔓¹⁵, 𝔓¹⁶, 𝔓¹⁷, 𝔓¹⁸, 𝔓¹⁹, 𝔓²⁰, 𝔓²², 𝔓²³, 𝔓²⁴, 𝔓²⁶, 𝔓²⁷, 𝔓²⁸, 𝔓²⁹, 𝔓³⁰, 𝔓³¹, 𝔓³², 𝔓³³, 𝔓³⁴, 𝔓³⁵, 𝔓³⁷, 𝔓³⁹, 𝔓⁴⁰, 𝔓⁴³, 𝔓⁴⁴, 𝔓⁴⁹, 𝔓⁵¹, 𝔓⁵³, 𝔓⁵⁵, 𝔓⁵⁶, 𝔓⁵⁷, 𝔓⁶¹, 𝔓⁶², 𝔓⁶³, 𝔓⁶⁴, 𝔓⁶⁵, 𝔓⁷⁰, 𝔓⁷¹, 𝔓⁷⁴, 𝔓⁷⁷, 𝔓⁷⁸, 𝔓⁷⁹, 𝔓⁸⁰ (?), 𝔓⁸¹, 𝔓⁸², 𝔓⁸⁵ (?), 𝔓⁸⁶, 𝔓⁸⁷, 𝔓⁹⁰, 𝔓⁹¹, 𝔓⁹², 𝔓⁹⁵, 𝔓¹⁰⁰, 𝔓¹⁰⁴, 𝔓¹⁰⁶, 𝔓¹⁰⁷, 𝔓¹⁰⁸, 𝔓¹¹⁰, 𝔓¹¹¹, 𝔓¹¹⁵, 𝔓¹²².