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American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, also known as Joint or JDC, is a Jewish relief organization based in New York City. The organisation has supported Jewish people living in Israel and throughout the world since 1914, and is active in more than 70 countries.
The JDC offers aid to Jewish populations in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in the Middle East, through a network of social and community assistance programs. In addition, the JDC contributes millions of dollars in disaster relief and development assistance to non-Jewish communities.
The JDC has a four-pronged mission:
The organisation was led by Moses A. Leavitt until his death in 1965, and was succeeded by Charles H. Jordan. Jordan died in Prague in 1967, which was declared a suicide by the Czechoslovak government, in the context of communist denouncements of the JDC at the time, The New York Times reported his death as mysterious. Czechoslovak defector Josef Frolík advised the Central Intelligence Agency in 1974 that Jordan had been abducted by Palestinian agents and died during interrogation at the Egyptian embassy in Prague.
The JDC was founded in 1914, initially to provide assistance to Jews living in the Land of Israel under the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
The organization began its efforts to save Jews with a donation of $50,000 from Jacob Schiff, a wealthy Jewish entrepreneur and philanthropist. He was the main funder of the organization and helped raise money to aid and save Jews around the world. Additionally, the American Jewish Relief Committee helped collect funds for the JDC. Several wealthy, Reform Jews founded the American Jewish Relief Committee on October 25, 1914. Schiff was one of these men, along with Louis Marshall, the president of the committee, and Felix M. Warburg. The Central Relief Committee, founded on October 4, 1914, also helped provide funds to the JDC. Eastern European Orthodox Jews, such as Leon Kamaiky, founded this organization.[citation needed]
Almost one year later, in August 1915, the socialist People's Relief Committee, headed by Meyer London, joined in to provide funds to the committee. After a few years, the JDC and the organizations assisting it had raised significant funds and were able to make a noteworthy impact. The charity had transferred $76,000 to Romania, $1,532,300 to Galicia, $2,5532,000 to Russia, and $3,000,000 to German-occupied Poland and Lithuania by the end of 1917. The JDC had sent nearly $5,000,000 to assist the Jews in Poland by 1920. During the emergency relief period, the JDC had disbursed over $22,000,000 to help in restoration and relief across Europe, between 1919 and 1920.
Approximately 59,000 Jews were living in the land of Israel under Ottoman rule by 1914. The Yishuv was largely made up of Jews that had emigrated from Europe and were largely dependent on sources abroad for their income. The outbreak of World War I destroyed those channels, leaving the community isolated and destitute. With disaster looming, the Yishuv's leaders appealed to Henry Morgenthau, Sr., then the U.S. ambassador to Turkey. Morgenthau was moved and appalled by the misery he witnessed, and sent an urgent cable to New York-based Jewish philanthropist Jacob Schiff, requesting $50,000 of aid to keep them from starvation and death.[citation needed]
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American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, also known as Joint or JDC, is a Jewish relief organization based in New York City. The organisation has supported Jewish people living in Israel and throughout the world since 1914, and is active in more than 70 countries.
The JDC offers aid to Jewish populations in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in the Middle East, through a network of social and community assistance programs. In addition, the JDC contributes millions of dollars in disaster relief and development assistance to non-Jewish communities.
The JDC has a four-pronged mission:
The organisation was led by Moses A. Leavitt until his death in 1965, and was succeeded by Charles H. Jordan. Jordan died in Prague in 1967, which was declared a suicide by the Czechoslovak government, in the context of communist denouncements of the JDC at the time, The New York Times reported his death as mysterious. Czechoslovak defector Josef Frolík advised the Central Intelligence Agency in 1974 that Jordan had been abducted by Palestinian agents and died during interrogation at the Egyptian embassy in Prague.
The JDC was founded in 1914, initially to provide assistance to Jews living in the Land of Israel under the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
The organization began its efforts to save Jews with a donation of $50,000 from Jacob Schiff, a wealthy Jewish entrepreneur and philanthropist. He was the main funder of the organization and helped raise money to aid and save Jews around the world. Additionally, the American Jewish Relief Committee helped collect funds for the JDC. Several wealthy, Reform Jews founded the American Jewish Relief Committee on October 25, 1914. Schiff was one of these men, along with Louis Marshall, the president of the committee, and Felix M. Warburg. The Central Relief Committee, founded on October 4, 1914, also helped provide funds to the JDC. Eastern European Orthodox Jews, such as Leon Kamaiky, founded this organization.[citation needed]
Almost one year later, in August 1915, the socialist People's Relief Committee, headed by Meyer London, joined in to provide funds to the committee. After a few years, the JDC and the organizations assisting it had raised significant funds and were able to make a noteworthy impact. The charity had transferred $76,000 to Romania, $1,532,300 to Galicia, $2,5532,000 to Russia, and $3,000,000 to German-occupied Poland and Lithuania by the end of 1917. The JDC had sent nearly $5,000,000 to assist the Jews in Poland by 1920. During the emergency relief period, the JDC had disbursed over $22,000,000 to help in restoration and relief across Europe, between 1919 and 1920.
Approximately 59,000 Jews were living in the land of Israel under Ottoman rule by 1914. The Yishuv was largely made up of Jews that had emigrated from Europe and were largely dependent on sources abroad for their income. The outbreak of World War I destroyed those channels, leaving the community isolated and destitute. With disaster looming, the Yishuv's leaders appealed to Henry Morgenthau, Sr., then the U.S. ambassador to Turkey. Morgenthau was moved and appalled by the misery he witnessed, and sent an urgent cable to New York-based Jewish philanthropist Jacob Schiff, requesting $50,000 of aid to keep them from starvation and death.[citation needed]
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